How donated blood is tested. What is a donor's blood tested for? Testing donated blood for HIV; quarantine;

Need for donor blood will never run out, since its shelf life is very limited. Blood and its components are constantly used during heavy operations, during childbirth and bleeding of the body as a result of a dangerous injury, for anemia, blood poisoning, burn disease and others.

Many people strive to receive the honorary title of donor, but not everyone is allowed to do so.

Donors - volunteers of both sexes aged from eighteen to sixty years, who have received the approval of a doctor after taking tests and undergoing an examination.

Not only Russians, but also citizens of other countries are allowed to become donors.

Subject to legal residence in Russia for at least twelve months.

What tests are required?

Blood tests are taken from people seeking to become donors:

for syphilis;
viral hepatitis;
to establish the group and Rh factor;
determine the level of ATC enzyme and liver enzymatic protein ATL;
level of hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocytes.

There is no need to take tests at other medical institutions.

Blood transfusion center staff trust only their equipment. And here the tests are done free of charge.

Studying blood samples takes a maximum of half an hour. The person receives the results on the same day or the next day in person. The transfusiologist decides whether you should be a donor or not.

Ask your question to a clinical laboratory diagnostics doctor

Anna Poniaeva. She graduated from the Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy (2007-2014) and Residency in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (2014-2016).

Blood is considered 100% safe only after quarantine: it is stored for a year, after which the donor is tested again. A number of infections are characterized by a long incubation period.

Contraindications to donation

Medical diversions are divided into absolute and temporary.

Absolute

People with the following diagnoses are never allowed to donate blood.

First, the blood is tested and then processed. The blood is then stored in a blood bank for a period of time before being used for transfusion.

Before donating blood, donors must provide information about their health and the presence of certain diseases. To ensure that the blood transfusion procedure is safe, donor blood is carefully tested for various diseases and to confirm the blood type. This is done in case donors are mistaken about their blood type or in case they have a medical condition that they do not know about. Donated blood is tested for Rh factor, common blood types A, B, AB and O, unusual antibodies and blood types. If the result is positive for the disease, the donor is notified and the blood is not used.

Blood is also tested for the presence of certain infectious diseases, or pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and hepatitis B and C.

Other diseases that the blood is tested for are West Nile virus, syphilis, Chagas disease, and T-lymphotropic virus. The tests also check the antibodies that the body's system produces. In some cases, the blood is tested for nucleic acids created by viruses. These tests are necessary because a person may be exposed to agents but not show symptoms, and these agents can be passed on to another person through transfusion. During testing, the rest of the donated blood usually undergoes processing, during which it is prepared for use or transferred to storage.

When donated blood is processed by spinning in a centrifuge, it is separated into components such as red blood cells, platelets and plasma.

Plasma can also be processed further into a substance called cryoprecipitate. The components also undergo a process called leukoreduction, which removes white blood cells so they do not interfere with the patient's immune system. The separated components can then be used to treat patients with different diseases, so one pint of blood can help more than one patient.

Next, the donor blood is placed in storage until required. Storage methods and storage times vary depending on the blood component. Platelets must be kept at room temperature and in constant motion and have a shelf life of only five days. Whole blood can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 35 days, and red blood cells can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 42 days. Plasma and cryoprecipitate have a long shelf life of up to a year when frozen.

The donated blood is eventually distributed to hospitals that will use it to treat various diseases. Whole blood is often needed for surgery and trauma. Red blood cells can be used to treat sickle cell anemia and common anemia, as well as any other significant blood loss. Platelets are used to treat some cancers such as leukemia, while plasma is used to treat bleeding disorders and burns, and cryoprecipitate is often used to treat hemophilia. Most blood banks supply all blood and blood components to hospitals every day, at any time of the day.

What tests are performed when donating blood from donors? They take 450ml. 400 are taken away and 50 are checked. What exactly are they checking for?

... At the end of the blood collection procedure, blood samples (up to 40 ml) are taken directly from the blood system or a special sample bag included in this system for testing (screening) for the presence of syphilis, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and antibodies to the virus hepatitis C, HIV-1 and HIV-2, as well as to determine the activity of alanine aminotransferase, ABO blood group and Rh status. Depending on epidemiological situations, additional studies may be carried out...

Are donated blood really checked that thoroughly in hospitals?

Or is it still not very good? Where is the evidence that it passes all the tests? Does the patient know one hundred percent what blood will be given to him?

The patient does not know exactly what kind of blood will be given to him. When my father had a serious operation, the day before he was given papers to sign that in the event of infection with AIDS or hepatitis due to a blood transfusion, the hospital was not responsible.

A donor donated blood especially for him, but they gave him another, they just didn’t pay for it.

At the transfusion point, donors seem to be checked, but how well is not known.

At the blood transfusion point, no one checks the blood. There are specialized laboratories for this. - 3 years ago

Firstly, you can check this right here. Literally - take and read what is written on the container.

And secondly, when relatives testify, doctors are not afraid of the consequences. For example, during a transfusion, one of the doses caused an allergic reaction. But this was back in Soviet times and they didn’t do allergen testing then.

If blood had been given by close people, such reactions could not have happened - that’s why doctors try to take from someone closer to their family.

Another could be given only in one case - if blood was donated by a person with a different group or rhesus. In this case, a suitable one is simply taken from the blood bank, and the relative’s dose goes to the bank. - 3 years ago

Unfortunately, even in Russia, in oncology centers, the medical staff becomes quite soulless over time.

Apparently - costs of the profession. - 3 years ago

For objective reasons, I cannot speak about the thorough testing of donor blood, but I can tell you about the donation itself. My boyfriend has been donating blood and plasma for 3 years. Before the very first test, he had to collect a bunch of certificates (extract from the hospital, infectious disease specialist, fluorography, ECG, various tests, etc. for girls, also a gynecologist), this procedure is repeated approximately every 2-3 months. Directly on the day of delivery, you first fill out a questionnaire about your well-being, whether you had a drink for breakfast or not, etc. Then they take blood from a finger, not everyone goes beyond this stage (out of 5 attempts, I only passed it 2 times, because of hemoglobin they were not allowed). If everything is ok with the blood test, then next comes a doctor’s examination (temperature, blood pressure, external examination); a young man with an abrasion on his arm was not allowed in with me. Then you go to donate blood. And no later than six months later, you need to come back for a second donation so that your blood can be put into circulation. That is, as you can see, it is not so easy to donate blood. If anything, I meant the blood transfusion station of the Moscow Department of Health.

Blood Center

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Donor blood research

Each donated unit of blood is examined as follows:

determine the blood group according to the systems (AB0, Rh- and Kell);
tested for the presence of antibodies to red blood cells and
for the presence of pathogens of four blood-borne diseases: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and HIV.

The blood type of the primary donor is determined according to the ABO system already at the first visit, since the determination is carried out using the express method during a medical examination and later checked in the laboratory. The Rh factor is determined only in the laboratory, and the donor finds it out during the second visit to the Blood Center.

Before donating blood, the hemoglobin level in a drop of blood taken from the donor’s finger is also determined. Hemoglobin content standards:

If necessary, donors' blood pressure and pulse are measured. Their standards:

blood pressure 100/60-180/100 mmHg. Art.
pulses per minute

Laboratory specialist Liina Teder determines the donor's blood type

To ensure blood safety, the following tests are performed for each unit of blood donated:

hepatitis B virus surface antigen (Hbs Ag)
Hepatitis B virus DNA (HCV DNA)
hepatitis C virus antibodies (Anti-HCV)
Hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV RNA)
antibodies to HIV (Anti-HIV-1,2) and HIV antigen (HIV p24)
HIV-1 virus RNA (HIV-1 RNA)
causative agent of syphilis

Tests of donated blood are carried out in accordance with the directives of the European Union and the laws of the Republic of Estonia. In 2007, testing of donated blood for viruses took another big step forward and the determination of the HIV antigen was replaced by the molecular biological test of HIV-RNA PCR, which is today the most sensitive and high-tech method of viral diagnosis. With this method, the window period is only 8-12 days. By identifying HIV-RNA, the highest possible level of safety of donated blood is ensured.

All viral tests of donated blood are automated and performed using testing systems from internationally recognized companies. Test results are transmitted from the analyzers directly to the Estonian Blood Service Information System (EVI). The blood center cannot issue blood components that have not been analyzed or have shown inappropriate results, since EVI does not allow this.

If the test results require additional verification, the donor is called for repeat tests. The dose of blood in which the infectious agent is detected is destroyed.

Conditions for donating blood

Human blood is an irreplaceable material. No matter how many modern medications are created, it is impossible to replace it. Unfortunately, the shelf life of blood is limited, so these components require constant replenishment. Not a single complex operation, recovery after severe blood loss or chronic pathologies can be completed without donated blood. Of course, donating blood for donation is an important and generous matter. However, not everyone can be a donor. This is due to certain conditions and laws. Below we will look at what the rules are before donating blood, what you can and cannot eat, what the cost is and the possible consequences of this procedure.

Who can be a donor?

Who can be a donor? According to current laws, you can donate blood as a donor only on condition of gratuitousness and voluntariness. Absolutely anyone can be a donor, regardless of gender, between the ages of eighteen and sixty, who has no contraindications to the procedure and has undergone a full examination.

One of the important conditions for donating blood is the body weight of the intended donor - it cannot be less than fifty kilograms. In addition, foreigners also have the right to become a donor for someone. To do this, they must legally stay in our country for a year.

The donor's weight must be at least 50 kg.

Male donors are only allowed to donate blood five times a year, and female donors only four. In both cases, the interval between blood donations must be at least two months. This period is reduced to thirty days if only blood components were donated.

Preparation

What are the conditions and rules for donating blood to donors? It is necessary to carefully prepare for such a procedure. The donor should not feel any pain or discomfort at the time of donating blood. Before donating blood, the rules require filling out a special questionnaire. Typically these are not difficult questions. The survey should indicate whether the potential donor has recently undergone surgery, taken antibiotics, taken drugs, whether the potential donor has visited a dentist, and much more.

Unconditional contraindications are the presence of blood diseases and possible contacts with HIV-infected people. Some minor illnesses, as well as trips to other countries with long-term residence on its territory, may become some obstacles. This is especially true in some regions of America, Asia and Africa.

Analyzes

At the beginning, you should undergo the simplest procedure for a donor - a general blood test. The material is taken from the finger. Thus, a number of indicators are checked, say, the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Doctors carefully examine the patient to identify various abnormalities. At this time, the results of testing for hepatitis C, A, B, syphilis and HIV infection are being prepared.

It should be taken into account that a full examination is necessary every six months. If you do not show up for examination and tests on time, the donor blood will be destroyed. Only with positive results can the material be used.

Donors who have a decent amount of experience and donate blood every year regularly undergo a full examination. It is very important. The therapist must provide a certificate of illnesses suffered by the patient during the year. Women should obtain a health certificate from a gynecologist.

Preparation

In this situation, there are some rules for donating blood to donors, which guarantee not only a comfortable and complete procedure without negative consequences, but also guarantee that the donor blood will not harm the patient. Let's look at what you can and can't eat, the basic nutrition of blood donors.

Donor preparation before donating blood:

Three days before a blood transfusion, it is prohibited to use medications that have blood-thinning properties - analgin, no-spa, etc. It is better to inform your doctor about all medications you take.
It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol 48 hours before the transfusion.
It is worth giving up some food groups - kefir, sour cream, yoghurts, in a word, fermented milk products. The same list includes various smoked meats and sausages, chips, carbonated drinks, spicy, fatty and fried foods, as well as citrus fruits and even bananas.

Diet principles have been developed specifically for donors. Her diet should include cereals, broths, fresh vegetables, and fiber. You are allowed to eat some fruits - apples, peaches, plums. Even a small amount of sugar is allowed. This could be, say, 1-2 teaspoons of honey.

It is also worth taking into account some practical tips:

the night before the procedure you need to get a good night's sleep;
in the morning you can have breakfast, drink a cup of tea or juice, and drink water throughout the day;
You should refrain from smoking several hours before and after the transfusion;
A cup of tea, juice or mineral water, drunk immediately before the start of the test, will help with dizziness.

Carrying out

When donating blood, the patient is in a comfortable position and the most comfortable conditions have been created for him. Blood is collected from the donor using sterile instruments and vacuum systems. After four hours you can safely remove the bandage.

Comfortable conditions are created for the donor during the procedure

The time taken for the procedure can vary completely. If this is a normal standard procedure, everything takes no more than fifteen minutes. If blood is donated for individual components, this requires the use of special equipment, so the process takes much longer. For example, donating blood for plasma will take about thirty minutes, and for platelets – more than an hour.

What to do after the procedure

Firstly, during the first fifteen minutes you should not get up suddenly and worry, it is better to calm down and breathe deeply.
At the first signs of dizziness or headaches, you should immediately report this to medical personnel.
During the day, it is not recommended to wet the bandage, take baths, or engage in heavy physical activity.
For several weeks, eat properly and nutritiously, drink plenty of water, get enough sleep, and do not drink alcohol.

Contraindications

Donating blood for donation has a huge number of contraindications. Such a responsible process requires a special approach.

Some diseases include:

syphilis;
bronchial asthma;
tuberculosis;
radiation sickness;
severe kidney disease;
AIDS;
nervous system disorders;
eczema;
ulcers and so on.

Advantages and disadvantages

Is donating blood good or bad for your health? In fact, blood transfusions do not harm the body. The blood donor is constantly examined, leads a healthy lifestyle, and eats properly. In addition, his blood is constantly renewed, the immune system becomes more stable, rejuvenating the body and having a positive effect on its work as a whole.

Some unpleasant sensations include dizziness or even fainting after the procedure, a feeling of weakness, exhaustion. But such symptoms pass quickly and do not affect the functioning of the body.

Some features

Donating blood for donation provides rules for women, which differ from the conditions for the opposite sex. In addition to the fact that women should not undergo the procedure more than four times a year, pregnant and breastfeeding women cannot be donors under any circumstances. In addition, blood is not taken from the fairer sex during the menstrual cycle.

It is worth noting that a blood donor has the right to be granted time off and this does not require the employer’s consent; it is enough to warn him about this.

Sample application for time off after donating blood

Donating blood for donation includes time off for one working day, during which the material will be collected. The employee also has the right to one additional day of rest, which he can use at his discretion during the calendar year.

Similar advantages of donors include the provision of monetary rewards for the collected material. The cost varies in each country and each region. Donating blood for donation and its price, accordingly, also depend on the general health of the donor, blood type and the presence of bad habits.

As far as one can see, donating blood is a truly noble act. Blood collected within fifteen minutes can save someone's life. In addition, the donor completely changes his habits, reconsiders his lifestyle, constantly monitors the condition of his body, and has the opportunity to prevent many diseases!

FAQ on blood donation. Part three. Blood donation procedure. About the safety of donating blood.

There may be some repetition due to overlapping themes. And errors due to my complete coma :) Correct me.

However, various viruses are very often transmitted through the blood of recipients. For example,

herpes, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus. Sometimes hepatitis is also transmitted, since tests sometimes detect the presence of hepatitis only 3 months after it enters the blood. Unfortunately, this is an additional risk, because... In patients with blood diseases, these diseases can develop in a very serious form. But all the same, the development of these viruses is not as scary as the main disease. Blood transfusions are still justified. Otherwise they wouldn't have been made.

it is clear whether the donor had a risk of infection. The sample form is here:

3. Do I need to take any additional tests before donating blood and platelets, or is the test done in the transfusion department sufficient?

The test must be taken every time, because there is always a risk of contracting some kind of blood-borne disease, and secondly, blood counts can change for various reasons (anemia, some chronic diseases).

Try to eat a regular and balanced diet; on the eve of the test, follow a special diet

Drink more fluids

Avoid drinking alcohol 72 hours before your procedure

Avoid using aspirin, analgin and medications containing aspirin and analgesics 72 hours before the procedure

If possible, avoid smoking one hour before your procedure.

Do not drink alcohol for three days

The day before, exclude fatty, fried, spicy, smoked, dairy products, eggs, butter from your diet.

Compliance with these requirements is especially important if you are donating platelets or plasma. Neglecting them will not allow high-quality separation of your blood (separation of the necessary components).

In the case of donating platelets and granulocytes, the amount of blood taken depends on the weight of the donor (from 10 to 15 doses, about 300 milliliters including plasma). If you weigh less than 50 kilograms, you cannot donate blood components.

Immediately after donating blood, sit for a few minutes.

If you feel dizzy or weak, contact the staff (the easiest way is to either lie down and raise your legs above your head, or sit down and lower your head between your knees)

Avoid smoking for an hour before and after blood donation

Do not remove the bandage for 3-4 hours, try not to get it wet

Try not to be physically active during the day

Avoid drinking alcohol for 24 hours

Try to eat plenty and regularly for two days

Drink increased amounts of fluid for two days

Vaccinations after donating blood are allowed no earlier than 10 days later

Do not plan to give blood immediately before exams, competitions, a project, during a particularly intense period of work, etc.

There are no restrictions on driving a car on the day of blood donation.

After each procedure, the “system” is disposed of. Therefore, the donor’s blood must be checked before donation to prevent “loss” of the system. If blood cells were taken first and tested after the fact, some of the blood taken would have to be discarded. But limited funding does not allow this. For example, in the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital the existing “systems” are not always enough even for the examined donors.

are restored in the donor's body within 4-6 weeks, and leukocytes and platelets - by the end of the first week. Plasma is restored within 1-2 days.

To restore your blood composition faster, it is recommended to drink a lot of fluids - juices, tea. Proper nutrition is necessary: the donor’s diet should always contain protein, which determines the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Products containing protein - meat, beets, buckwheat, lentils, beans and all legumes, fish, etc.

If you are prone to anemia (low hemoglobin levels), you can take iron-containing vitamins for several days after blood donation.

After donating platelets, doctors recommend taking calcium vitamins, since when donating platelets, citrate (citric acid) is used, which flushes calcium from the body. The best remedy is calcium glucanate, sold in pharmacies for 5 rubles per package, it is recommended to take it with lemon juice.

By the way, in Europe and the USA, where medical care is paid, many donate blood precisely for its timely, and most importantly, free testing.

Sometimes bilirubin levels may increase due to obstruction of bile flow and certain liver diseases. A very high level of bilirubin may indicate the presence of cholecystitis. If bilirubin is elevated, it is recommended to follow a diet - limit fatty, fried and spicy foods.

Many donors experience a temporary increase in bilirubin levels. He may return to normal in a few days. Therefore, if the donor has elevated bilirubin, he can try to retake the test.

There are people whose bilirubin is constantly elevated. This may be due to congenital enzymatic deficiency (the so-called Gilbert's syndrome), which does not affect health in any way, but is detected by a biochemical blood test. In this case, it is not possible to reduce bilirubin with diets. You can ask this question to a transfusiologist on the Internet at www.transfusion.ru Perhaps the doctors will give a more detailed answer or advise something.

According to Blood Center specialists, the meaning of determining bilirubin in donors is not entirely clear. This indicator is many times less informative than the mandatory markers of viral infections. Therefore, there is hope that a slight increase in this indicator in the near future will no longer affect admission to blood donation.

An increased level of white blood cells (leukocytosis) indicates some kind of infectious process in the body (which means the body is fighting the infection and increasing the production of white blood cells).

A low level of white blood cells indicates a weak immune system, but may also indicate blood diseases.

equipment. This is the so-called "system" consisting of packages for

platelets and plasma, tubes, needles and saline and citrate bags

sodium The system is fixed to the centrifuge of the device, but blood separation

occurs only within the system and the blood does not come into contact with the surrounding

There is an opinion that if you regularly donate whole blood, then the body begins to “overproduce” blood and the donor can no longer live without donating blood, because he feels a physical need to donate blood. This opinion is controversial; there is no conclusive evidence for it.

responsible for stopping bleeding).

plasma, i.e. The platelets and some plasma are separated, and the rest of the blood is returned to the donor. For such a procedure, it is necessary to use a substance called CITRATE

SODIUM (sodium citrate trisubstituted 2-water). It is widely applied

in medicine for blood preservation and prevents clotting. If you say

simpler, a person’s blood is thick, and citrate, as it were, “dilutes” it, does not give

curl up during the transfusion procedure and speeds up the donation process

during the donation of platelets to the donor, a glucanate injection is given several times

calcium – to restore calcium levels in the body. In addition, doctors

The best of them are CALCIUM D3 NYCOMED or Calcium Vitrum. These are very good

remedies (but also expensive), they are usually prescribed to our children after

chemotherapy, which also destroys calcium in the bones. There is also a cheaper one

product made in Russia - you can buy calcium glucanate at the pharmacy

in tablets, it costs 2 rubles per package. It must be taken with a drink

juice Doctors say that this method of restoring calcium is in no way

worse than expensive imported products.

therefore, with regular platelet donation (more than 10 times a year), it is possible

development of a citrate reaction. It lies in the fact that the body can no longer

tolerate the entry of citrate into the blood (because it occurs too

often). The citrate reaction may involve feeling unwell during and

after donating platelets, weakness, nausea, dizziness, as well as severe

chills. All of these sensations can occur during platelet donation and

platelets until the citrate reaction begins. Similar reaction

usually occurs after several YEARS of regular platelet donation, and

also if you take it too often.

try to donate platelets every two to three months, and also take

calcium vitamins after delivery. Also, be sure to tell your doctors

if you do not feel well during blood donation.

stimulants do not lead to any negative consequences for the body. After donating blood, the donor may feel slight bone pain for a while. This comes from bone marrow stimulation. Feelings reminiscent of a cold are also possible - this occurs from an increase in the release of granulocytes into the blood as a result of stimulation. With granulocytapheresis, citrate is also not used (it is replaced with heparin), and calcium is not washed out of the bones. If we become aware of any other details of the effect of granulocytapheresis on the health of the donor, we will definitely

To get rid of a bruise, you need to mix troxevasin and heparin ointment and apply a bandage with this mixture to the bruise.

Checking the quality of donated blood

Every blood donation is examined,” says Esfir Lazarevna. – In addition, we have a so-called surrogate test for hepatitis, which characterizes liver function. It can detect hepatitis B or C disease even in the incubation period, when a regular examination will not “give it away”. A positive result forces the donor to be re-examined after some time, because the test is also sensitive to ordinary food poisoning.

Since 1998 in the USA, since 2000 in Europe, and starting this year we also plan to use high technologies in the HIV testing industry. The opinion about the impossibility of detecting HIV earlier than 3-6 months after infection is, to put it mildly, “outdated.” Antibodies to this virus begin to be produced after the second week of infection, and the “gray conversion window” - the period of inability to detect a virus marker - depends on the testing method. The “window” of fourth-generation test systems, which detect both antibodies and antigen, ranges from 3 weeks to 2 months. Belarus uses these systems today. Developed countries have already switched to tests, which have shortened the “window” to 5-16 days.

Some people believe that all donated blood should be frozen for up to 6 months and not used until the donor donates blood again. In reality, it is impossible to ensure either the first or the second. Moreover, it is worth noting that blood is collected by components - plasma, erythrocyte and platelet mass, etc. Quarantinization, or long-term freezing, of plasma is carried out quite widely around the world. And the high-cost method of freezing red blood cells is very limited. In addition, it cannot be stored for more than a day. And the “shelf life” of platelet concentrate does not exceed 3-5 days. It is also interesting that in practice, fresh frozen plasma is used much more often than quarantined plasma.

The guarantee of blood safety should be the initial screening method itself, on which the term and scope of quarantine depend, adds Esfir Lazarevna. – Refrigeration equipment may malfunction, and the donor may not come a second time. Thanks to the use of modern blood testing methods, we have actually reduced the risk of virus transmission. Today, there is one estimated case of HIV infection per 500 thousand transfusions and one estimated case of hepatitis C per 200 thousand. Next year we plan to purchase equipment to create a NAT examination laboratory, which will allow us to recognize the nucleic acids of viruses and reduce the likelihood of transmitting viruses with donor blood by four times.

According to 2005 data, in countries with a low human development index, blood was transfused untested for HIV in 7 percent of cases, for hepatitis B in 7 percent, for hepatitis C in 47 percent and for syphilis in 60 percent of cases. In countries with high levels of human development, 0.1 percent of untested blood is transfused for HIV. In Belarus – 0 percent of such cases.

Svetlana BORISENKO, Zvyazda newspaper, 2007.

What is blood tested for when donating?

What is blood donated for?

In the section Other about health and beauty, to the question What tests are performed when donating blood from donors? They take 450ml. 400 are taken away and 50 are checked. What exactly are they checking for given by the author Weeman? The best answer is, well, roughly: jaundice, AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases. and maybe something else

Check for infections. Alcoholism is not transmitted through blood :-). That's why they don't test for alcohol. Only for AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis, malaria and some other blood-borne infections.

AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hemoglobin, some biochemical parameters, blood type and Rh factor

... At the end of the procedure for drawing blood directly from the system with

Return visit to the blood transfusion station: if you really want to help.

The main desire that brings a donor to a blood transfusion station is the desire to help his neighbor. But in order to fully realize their noble impulse and ensure that the donated blood saves a person’s life, donors need to come to the blood transfusion station regularly.

The chief physician of the Orenburg Regional Blood Transfusion Station, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Medical Sciences Rinat Gaptraufovich Gilmutdinov talks about why donors need such regularity.

Rinat Gaptraufovich, tell us why donors who have donated blood once are invited to come to the blood transfusion station and donate blood again?

Donors are invited to undergo a repeat blood test to ensure that the donor’s blood does not contain HIV, hepatitis, or syphilis infections.

But do donors undergo all the necessary tests during their first donation? Why is this re-check necessary?

Yes, after each donation, donor blood is subject to laboratory testing for immunological indicators (group and Rh affiliation, the presence of anti-erythrocyte antibodies), as well as testing for infectious markers (HIV, hepatitis B, C, syphilis).

Blood components such as platelets and red blood cells undergo additional purification processes to remove possible viruses. This is virus inactivation for platelets and filtration for red blood cells. Having gone through all these stages, platelets and red blood cells become as safe as possible for the recipient.

But a blood component such as plasma can be stored longer than platelets and red blood cells. In the presence of infection, plasma contains the bulk of viruses.

And donors are invited for repeat blood tests precisely to ensure that their plasma stored at the blood transfusion station does not contain viruses.

Chief physician of the Orenburg Regional Blood Transfusion Station, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Medical Sciences Rinat Gaptraufovich Gilmutdinov.

Rinat Gaptraufovich, why is the period after which a donor must undergo a repeated blood donation procedure 3-6 months?

Infections that can be contained in plasma have a so-called latent period of virus carriage. This means that these infections cannot be detected the first time a donor donates blood. Only after 90 to 180 days have passed can we say with certainty whether this plasma contains viruses or not. The release of plasma to a medical institution is possible only after the donor reappears no earlier than 180 days later, and if he has a negative result for infectious markers of HIV, hepatitis, syphilis). This is why it is so important for donors to come back for follow-up testing.

What is the plasma quarantine method?

Quarantine, that is, quarantine storage of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), is the storage of FFP with a ban on its use for a certain time. For storage, special medical freezing equipment is used, which has a certificate of conformity and maintains a constant temperature no higher than C. After quarantine, FFP can be stored in such conditions for up to 3 years without losing all of its medicinal properties.

It turns out that if a person donated blood and after 6 months did not show up for a second donation, he could not help those in need of transfusion, and his plasma is disposed of?

Yes, if the donor does not show up, the plasma is not issued to the medical institution for transfusion, it is written off according to its expiration date and disposed of. And, of course, it is a great pity that it does not reach the patient who urgently needs it. At our blood transfusion station, this category of donors is constantly analyzed and the reasons for their non-appearance are determined. Fortunately, the percentage of such donors is extremely small.

What reasons prevent donors from coming for a repeat blood test?

Among the most common reasons for donor non-appearance, we note population migration, conscription into the army, the appearance of various diseases in the donor, etc. In the majority (80%) people come for a repeat examination.

Rinat Gaptraufovich, tell us about the events that you carry out at the blood transfusion station to attract the attention of donors to re-examination?

In our work to ensure the turnout of donors for repeated blood donation, we use an integrated approach, starting with recruiting donor personnel and working with each donor individually, using various methods of contacting the donor: postcards, calls with an invitation to re-appear, we work with our assistants at enterprises . Organization of visits to enterprises is carried out taking into account quarantine periods - 2 times a year.

Is it possible that one of the motives for a donor coming for a repeat donation is the opportunity to check their own health?

The main direction of our activities to attract donors is to promote a healthy lifestyle through donation. Lectures and conversations are held before Donor Day in organizations, appearances in regional media, and distribution of information materials on donation. When talking with the donor, they talk about maintaining his own health and measures to prevent various diseases. After all, a donor, coming to a blood transfusion station for a re-examination, gets an additional opportunity to check his health status.

Rinat Gaptraufovich, what would you like to say to donors who, for one reason or another, did not show up for repeated blood donation?

I would like to wish our donors the most important thing in life – health! We are always waiting for them at the transfusion station and hope for mutual understanding in solving one of the most important tasks - providing patients in need with blood components and saving lives!

Rules for donating blood for men and women. Preparing for blood donation, payment for donation

Every healthy person can become a donor. But before you go to the blood transfusion station, you need to find out the basic rules for donating blood.

Preliminary stage

Every person who plans to donate blood should prepare. You cannot drink alcohol for 48 hours, and smoking is also prohibited. However, if a person drinks alcohol often enough, the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can be constantly elevated. People who abuse alcohol should give it up a week before donating blood.

Due to the risk of increasing the level of this enzyme, on the eve of the examination you should avoid eating lard, mayonnaise, butter, and sour cream. If the ALT level is elevated, then the next time a potential donor can come to donate blood no earlier than in 3 months.

Experienced donors know how to prepare so that their blood donation goes well. Rules are necessary for people who are not yet familiar with this procedure.

When planning to become a donor, you need to reconsider your diet. On the eve of this procedure, avoid fried, fatty, and smoked foods. Avoid butter, eggs and dairy products. Ingesting large amounts of animal proteins can make the blood difficult to separate into its components.

Failure to comply with the diet leads to the fact that fat microparticles are found in large quantities in the blood serum. She looks cloudy. Such blood is not suitable for tests or transfusions. By the way, it is not recommended to eat bananas and nuts.

It is also important to pay attention to your well-being. The rules for donating blood state that you should reschedule the procedure if you feel unwell, feel weak, dizzy or have a headache. You should not go to the transfusion station if you had a sleepless night the night before.

Day of the procedure

It has been experimentally established that the body tolerates significant blood loss best in the morning. Therefore, for most people, blood is taken for up to 12 hours. Breakfast on the day of the procedure is mandatory. In the morning you can eat any porridge with water, dry cookies, and drink sweet tea.

It is better to go to the blood transfusion station in advance and find out how they donate blood for donation. The rules are the same for everyone. By the way, don’t forget to take your passport with registration with you.

First, the potential donor is asked to fill out a questionnaire where he provides information about his health and lifestyle. After this, he should be examined by a therapist. He can additionally inform you about how blood donation takes place. Rules, preparation and diet are mandatory for everyone.

About 450 ml of biofluid is taken from each donor. Some of it is sent for tests. The duration of the procedure depends on what exactly the person is undergoing. It takes 15 minutes to collect this amount of whole blood. Plasma donation lasts about 30 minutes, platelets – 1.5 hours.

Behavior after the procedure

Once the blood draw is completed, the person should rest for a while. To do this, you just need to sit quietly for 15 minutes and drink sweet tea. If you feel unwell or feel dizzy, you should contact the staff. In order to comply with all the rules for donating blood, you must refrain from physical activity on this day. It is advisable to start smoking no earlier than two days after the procedure.

It is advisable not to remove the applied bandage for 3-4 hours. This should prevent bruising. But if it does form, then at the site of its appearance it is recommended to make compresses with heparin ointment. Instead, you can use Troxevasin.

It is also important to eat right: the body must receive all the necessary microelements. After donation, you need to monitor the amount of liquid consumed; you need to drink at least 2 liters of water.

Temporary contraindications

There is a list of situations in which blood donation should be postponed. Rules, preparation, conditions are explained at each blood transfusion station. But people do not always go for a preliminary consultation.

Any healthy person who is over 18 years old and weighs more than 50 kg can become a donor. But even people who meet these parameters can receive a medical exemption for a certain period from the moment of recovery.

Temporary contraindications include the following.

1. Infectious diseases:

history of malaria (3 years);
ARVI, sore throat, influenza (1 month);
typhoid fever (1 year);
other diseases (6 months).

2. Danger of infection with blood-borne diseases:

transfusions of blood and its components, surgical interventions, including abortions (6 months);
acupuncture treatment, tattooing (1 year);
being on business trips abroad for more than 2 months (6 months);
stay more than 3 months in countries where malaria is endemic (3 years);
contacts with persons with hepatitis A (3 months), B and C (1 year).

3. Tooth extraction (10 days).

4. Acute form of diseases or exacerbation of chronic pathologies (1 month).

5. Exacerbation of allergic diseases (2 months).

6. Vaccinations: the rules for donating blood provide for a medical exemption, the duration of which is determined depending on the type of vaccine.

If you are taking any medications, tell your doctor before donating blood. After using antibiotics, a two-week break is required. If you took analgesics or drugs belonging to the salicylates group, then you need to wait 3 days.

Absolute contraindications

There is a list of diseases for which a person will never be able to be a donor. These include blood-borne diseases. Among them are:

People with certain physical illnesses are also not suitable. These include:

blood diseases;
malignant neoplasms;
complete absence of speech and hearing;
organic lesions of the central nervous system;
mental patients, people suffering from drug addiction and alcoholism;
respiratory diseases (asthma, emphysema, obstructive bronchitis, bronchiectasis);
cardiovascular diseases (stage 2-3 hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocarditis, endocarditis, recurrent thrombophlebitis, heart disease);
diseases of the digestive system, liver, biliary tract (ulcers, achilic gastritis, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, calculous cholecystitis);
kidney disease (urolithiasis, focal and diffuse kidney damage);
connective tissue problems;
radiation sickness;
endocrine diseases that are accompanied by metabolic disorders;
chronic purulent-inflammatory and acute diseases of the ENT organs;
eye diseases (myopia more than 6 D, trachoma, blindness, residual effects of uveitis);
organ resection operations, tissue and organ transplantation;
skin diseases (psoriasis, pustular and fungal lesions).

Time intervals

If you have carefully read all the contraindications, you can first determine for yourself whether blood donation is indicated for you. It is better to find out the rules (how to donate blood) after reading the full list of contraindications.

If you meet all the requirements, the therapist may allow you to undergo the procedure. Many come to donate blood again. But doing this too often will not work. The break between these procedures should be more than 60 days. Men are allowed to donate blood up to 5 times a year, women - up to 4 times.

True, these restrictions are established for those cases when whole blood is taken from a person. The break between donating plasma and other components is 30 days. Plasmapheresis can be repeated every 2 weeks. The same break is established for plateletpheresis and leukocytapheresis.

Nuances for women

Despite the established gender equality, there are points that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the rules for donating blood for women are slightly different. They can donate blood no more than 4 times a year. But this is not the only limitation. Pregnant women and nursing mothers cannot be donors. It has been established that at least a year must pass from the birth of the baby, and more than 3 months after the end of lactation.

In addition, blood is not taken from women during menstruation. You must wait 5 days after the end of menstruation, only after that you can go to the transfusion station.

Donation payment issues

Just a few years ago, people who decided to donate blood could receive monetary compensation. For example, in Moscow you could get about 1000 rubles. instead of free food. They were also paid 650 rubles. for every 100 ml of biomaterial. Payment for blood donation in other regions was lower. But active donors received almost 2 times more.

In 2012, a new law was adopted, the provisions of which are aimed at making blood donation free and voluntary. Donors are now only entitled to free food and a number of social guarantees. But at the federal level, cases may be established in which it is possible to donate blood for a fee.

The main idea of the new law is that people should become donors not because of the monetary compensation they are entitled to, but to save lives. The money that was spent on payment is now spent on propaganda. This should attract a larger number of conscious citizens who do not think that donating blood is just a way to earn money. Naturally, such people must also follow the rules (payment, by the way, is provided for honorary donors), because they do this not for the sake of a small amount, but for a good purpose - to save someone’s life.

A donor donated blood especially for him, but they gave him another, they just didn’t pay for it.

At the transfusion point, donors seem to be checked, but how well is not known.

At the blood transfusion point, no one checks the blood. There are specialized laboratories for this. - 3 years ago

Firstly, you can check this right here. Literally - take and read what is written on the container.

If blood had been given by close people, such reactions could not have happened - that’s why doctors try to take from someone closer to their family.

Unfortunately, even in Russia, in oncology centers, the medical staff becomes quite soulless over time.

Apparently - costs of the profession. - 3 years ago

I was a donor for several years (until my health failed).

I became a donor after I myself received transfusions after the discovery of ulcer bleeding.

I was specifically interested in how they check it in hospitals.

For EVERY blood donation (it doesn’t matter whether it’s a regular donor or someone who has just come to the hospital), an analysis is done for the main pathogens. Only after 3 weeks can blood reach a patient who requires a transfusion.

By the way - this is precisely why the most unpleasant stories happen - the Transfusion Point may have the necessary blood, but it has not yet been tested. And people die only because the doctor does not take responsibility for the risk of infection.

Every year, blood transfusions save TENS OF THOUSANDS of human lives. There are still no technologies that can replace this treatment method.

Of course, the blood is checked carefully, as far as the equipment allows. The evidence will most likely be presented to you at the hospital, in the form of some kind of certificates and conclusions. But I know one case. When the disease viral hepatitis C was not yet widely known, one woman received a blood transfusion and was infected with this disease. We discovered this disease when she was already a granny. In general, you won’t envy her. It seems that no one is to blame here, but the person suffered. But as they say, those who don’t take risks don’t drink champagne. If a transfusion cannot be avoided, it is better to think only about the positive.

This disease is very insidious and, as far as I know, medical personnel (especially operating rooms) are often affected by it. I won’t talk about statistics so as not to scare people in vain, but this disease is very insidious. - 3 years ago

As a conscientious donor, I can assume that in our city blood is not thoroughly checked; the commission that must be passed before donation can be purchased; factory workers usually use this to become honorary donors and choose vacations whenever they want. Personally, I don’t understand how anyone can do this! But there are people who don’t even know that they are infected with something. And in reality, in hospitals, when you give a transfusion, you sign a paper stating that the doctors do not bear any responsibility.

No, I don't believe in thorough testing of donors' blood. Because I myself witnessed how a donor was simply asked about past diseases and began to take blood. And there are many cases when a person accuses doctors that he was infected through a blood transfusion. I don't trust doctors. If you had to get blood, it would only be from relatives, in whom you are 100% sure. Otherwise, I run the risk of receiving a “gift”.

Donor blood processing process

After donating blood, there is a fairly lengthy process before the person in need of the blood can receive it. Donated blood must go through several stages. First, the blood is tested and then processed. The blood is then stored in a blood bank for a period of time before being used for transfusion.

When donated blood is processed by spinning in a centrifuge, it is separated into components such as red blood cells, platelets and plasma.

Consult your doctor before following any advice.