What can you eat if you have urolithiasis? Diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys

Diet for kidney stones is of great importance, since poor nutrition is one of the most common causes of the development of urolithiasis. In addition, by choosing the right diet, you can forget about medications forever.

It is enough to follow simple rules and not eat prohibited foods, and you will already achieve 80 percent of the treatment.

In this article I will describe the fundamental aspects of the diet necessary for the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. It will be divided into parts for certain types of stones, and lists of prohibited and permitted products will be added.

Why is proper nutrition important for kidney stones?

Such disorders are often associated with significant errors in the human diet. It is not easy to cure urolithiasis. In tandem with drug therapy, it is necessary to adhere to a special dietary menu.

If complications in the functioning of the genitourinary system have been discovered at least once in the human body, and a specialist has prescribed dietary therapy, then in the future you will have to adhere to these recommendations for the rest of your life. Otherwise, a violation of the diet is fraught with a recurrence of the disease.

The word “diet” is translated from Greek as “eating regimen” or “way of life.” So, due to stones in the kidneys, ureters and bladder, a unique “lifestyle” will need to be constantly maintained.

The main manifestation of urolithiasis is associated with the appearance of hard formations (stones) in the urinary system, which are classified into three groups. The appropriate diet will further depend on this division.

Phosphate stones are sedimentary material of an alkaline environment in the body. Oxalates and urates (harder formations) - develop in the acidic environment of urine. This means that diet will be associated with these characteristics.

To smooth out the alkaline environment, products with high acidity are required, otherwise - those that contribute to alkalization.

General principles of diet for ICD

restriction of nutrients that form sediment or stones in the urinary tract;
changing the urine reaction (urine pH) to the acidic or alkaline side due to the nature of nutrition to prevent precipitation and better dissolution of salt sediment;
copious fluid intake to remove salt deposits from the urinary tract.

In diets, mainly for uraturia and phosphaturia, certain food groups are limited or increased. This makes it difficult to meet the body's needs for all nutrients, and the resulting monotony of the urine reaction can contribute to the formation of salts of a different composition.

A diet for urolithiasis is prescribed to provide gentle nutrition for the kidneys and helps eliminate various metabolic products from the body.

Compliance with the diet involves excluding from the diet foods that contain purines and oxalic acid, limiting salt intake, increasing the amount of free liquid (if there are no contraindications) and alkalizing foods (vegetables and fruits, dairy products).

In addition, the diet reduces the consumption of proteins and fats. Be sure to boil meat, fish and poultry, cook food and keep the food at normal temperature. When cooked, half of the purines contained remain in the broth, so broths should not be consumed as food.

After boiling, poultry, fish and meat can be used in the preparation of a variety of dishes (fried, stewed, baked), chopped products. Meat and fish can be combined in approximately equal quantities. It is recommended to include dishes from these foods no more than 2-3 times a week.

A portion of meat should not exceed 150 g, fish - 17 g. Diet - 5 times a day. Instead of an afternoon snack, a rosehip decoction is recommended.

Chemical composition of a therapeutic diet

70 g of proteins, 50% of which are of animal origin and mainly dairy;
80 g fats, 30% of which are vegetable;
350–400 g of carbohydrates, of which 80 g are sugar;
8–10 g salt;
1.5–2 liters or more of liquid.

The energy value of this diet is 2400–2600 calories.

Meat, poultry, fish are interchangeable. Milk - 0.5 l, meat - 120 g, unsalted cheese - 30 g, one egg, 6 slices of bread, half a cup of cereal, 1 serving of potatoes, 3 or more servings of vegetables, fruits and juices (optional), sugar or jam less than 4 teaspoons, oil - less than 2 teaspoons, optional weak tea, coffee.

Allowed and prohibited foods for kidney stones

Consumption of pastry products is limited.

Soups

Vegetarian soups are allowed: borscht, cabbage soup, vegetable soups, soups with cereals, cold soups, milk fruit soups.

Soups made with meat, fish and mushroom broths, with the addition of sorrel, spinach and legumes, are prohibited.

Meat, poultry, fish

The therapeutic diet allows the consumption of low-fat types and varieties. A maximum of 3 times a week you can eat 150 g of boiled meat or 160–170 g of boiled fish. Boiled meat, poultry, and fish can be used to prepare stewed, fried, baked dishes, as well as dishes made from cutlet mass. A combination of meat and fish is allowed in equal quantities.

Kidneys, liver, brains, tongue, meat of young birds and animals, sausages, smoked products, salted fish, canned fish and meat, and caviar are not allowed to be eaten.

Dairy

You can consume milk, fermented milk drinks, sour cream, cottage cheese and curd dishes, cheese.

Salty cheeses are prohibited.

Eggs

You are allowed to eat one egg per day, prepared in any way. It is better to eat chicken or quail eggs.

Cereals

You can eat any food in moderation.

Consumption of legumes is prohibited.

Mushrooms, fresh legumes, spinach, rhubarb, sorrel, cauliflower, and purslane are not allowed. The amount of salted and pickled vegetables is limited.

Salty snacks, smoked foods, canned food, and fish roe are prohibited.

Fruits, sweet

An increased amount of fruits and berries, fresh and prepared in any way, is recommended. The consumption of dried fruits, milk creams and jelly, marmalade, marshmallows, non-chocolate sweets, jam, honey, meringues is allowed.

Eating chocolate, figs, raspberries, cranberries, and lingonberries is not allowed.

Sauces and spices

Sauces based on vegetable broth, tomato sauce, sour cream, and milk sauces are allowed. It is allowed to use citric acid, vanillin, cinnamon, bay leaf, dill, parsley.

Sauces made with meat, fish or mushroom broth are prohibited. The use of pepper, mustard, and horseradish is not allowed.

Beverages

You can drink tea with lemon, with added milk, weak coffee with milk, fruit and vegetable juices, fruit drinks, water with juices, kvass. Decoctions of rose hips, wheat bran and dried fruits are useful.

Cocoa, strong tea and coffee are prohibited.

Examples of menus for kidney stones (recipes)

Monday

Breakfast: cottage cheese, bread with butter, vinaigrette (sour cream dressing), tea with milk.

Lunch: scrambled eggs, buckwheat porridge, juices.

Afternoon snack: soup (vegetarian) with fried roots with sour cream, fried potatoes, sauerkraut, meat cooked in breadcrumbs, compote.

Dinner: vegetable cutlets, cottage cheese, pasta casserole, jelly.

At night: milk with a bun.

Tuesday

Drink rosehip decoction (100 ml) or heated mineral alkaline water on an empty stomach.

First breakfast: oatmeal with milk (liquid) 150 g, milk 200 g.

Second breakfast: grape juice (200 ml).

Lunch: pureed vegetable soup (150 ml), milk jelly (180 ml).

Afternoon snack: a glass of carrot juice.

Dinner: rice porridge with milk (liquid) 150 g, fruit compote (180 g).

In the evening: a glass of kefir.

At night: a cup of unsweetened tea diluted with milk.

Wednesday

First breakfast: vegetable salad with butter, soft-boiled egg, apple-carrot wheat pudding, tea.

Second breakfast: rosehip infusion.

Lunch: milk soup with noodles, potato cutlets, jelly.

Afternoon snack: apples.

Dinner: cabbage rolls with vegetables and rice, tea with baked cheesecakes.

Before bed: a decoction of wheat bran.

Thursday

First breakfast: weak coffee, apple and beet salad with sour cream.

Second breakfast: fresh fruit, scrambled eggs with tomatoes.

Lunch: vegetable stew with boiled beef, okroshka, tea with lemon.

Afternoon snack: berry compote.

Dinner: salad with fresh potato vegetables, cabbage casserole with sour cream sauce, tea with milk.

Overnight: boil wheat bran, strain. Drink half a glass.

Friday

First breakfast: rose hip decoction, beet salad with prunes.

Second breakfast: weak coffee, soft-boiled egg.

Lunch: macaroni and cheese, oat milk soup, carrot cutlets sprinkled with sour cream, tea (lemon is not prohibited).

Afternoon snack: a glass of fruit juice.

Dinner: prunes baked in the oven with cottage cheese, dumplings with cottage cheese, rosehip infusion.

At night: kefir.

Sunday

First breakfast: vinaigrette with butter, oatmeal porridge, coffee with milk.

Second breakfast: berry compote, omelette with apples.

Lunch: beef stroganoff (boiled), beetroot soup, stewed cabbage, fruit jelly.

Afternoon snack: fruit (fresh).

Dinner: cottage cheese pancakes, beets stuffed with rice and apples, rosehip broth.

Diet for different types of stones

Urolithiasis belonging to the oxalate group require exclusion from the diet of foods containing oxalic acid: sorrel, spinach, cocoa, chocolate. But it is recommended to eat fruits: pears, apples, grapes (they help crush stones).

If you have stones from the urate group, fish, meat, mushrooms and legumes are limited as much as possible. Replace these products with cereal and dairy-vegetable foods.

The phosphate group, on the contrary, requires the exclusion of dairy products from the daily diet. Calcium-rich vegetables are also harmful.

But it is allowed to eat meat and bakery products. It is worth noting that these products can affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore, as a rule, such a diet is prescribed for a short time. Return to a balanced diet will depend on the success of the course of treatment.

Diet for oxalate kidney stones

There is a strong release of oxalic acid in the kidneys, which means that you need to limit the consumption of foods rich in it: milk, salad, oranges, spinach, potatoes, sorrel. In addition, you should take 2 g of magnesium carbonate daily, because magnesium binds oxalic acid salts in different parts of the intestine.

The patient must limit the consumption of cocoa-containing products, as well as strong tea, lettuce, black currants, dairy products in the form of cottage cheese, cheese and milk, strawberries, citrus fruits, and nuts.

In case of calcium oxalate stones, it is necessary to exclude lettuce, sorrel, spinach, reduce the consumption of carrots, potatoes, dairy products, cheese, chocolate, black currants, strawberries, strong tea and cocoa.

Prohibited foods for scaling stones

It is prohibited to consume smoked meats, canned fish and meat, jellies, fish broths and meat broths, internal organs, chicken, veal and fatty meats, and fried potatoes. It is necessary to reduce the intake of vitamin C into the body, so you should not get carried away with citrus fruits.

Fruits, vegetables and herbs that should not be consumed include radishes, Brussels sprouts, red sprouts, beets, asparagus, and parsley. Do not eat peppers, rhubarb, lettuce, sorrel, spinach. Green beans, celery, red currants, gooseberries, plums, cranberries. Drinks include coffee, bread kvass, strong tea, cocoa and tomato juice.

It is allowed to eat white and cauliflower, fruit and vegetable soups, bread, boiled fish and meat.

As well as fruit and berry juices, mixed berries and fruits, apples, watermelons, boiled potatoes, cucumbers and turnips. With calcium stones, sick people need to reduce fermented milk and dairy products (yogurt, cheese, milk) in their diet.

For oxalate stones, the following collections are recommended: immortelle flowers, barberry, black elderberry, lingonberry leaves, madder root, heather grass, sweet clover herb, motherwort herb; leaves of wintergreen, bearberry, peppermint, tea bush, bud grass, hernia, corn silk.

Blue cornflower flowers; herbs St. John's wort, agrimony, rue, peppermint, barberry fruits, dill, madder roots, bedstraw; flowers of immortelle, black elderberry, blue cornflower, bud grass, heather, leaves of wintergreen, bearberry, burnet rhizome; barberry fruits, lingonberry leaves, madder root, sweet clover herb, St. John's wort herb.

Motherwort herbs, hernia herbs, agrimony herbs and rue; herbs capitula, Tribulus creeping, bedstraw, roots of steelhead, burdock, eryngium, shoots from blueberry leaves, fennel fruits, chicory rhizomes.

Take the collections for two months, and in between use individual plants: madder root, barberry flowers, blue cornflower flowers, corn silk, lingonberry or bearberry leaves, smooth herb grass.

Indicative menu for oxalate kidney stones:

1st breakfast: homemade cottage cheese with sugar and sour cream, oatmeal, decoction of black currant leaves - 1 glass.

2nd breakfast: baked apple, weak tea.

Dinner: vegetable soup with vegetable oil, boiled chicken in milk sauce with boiled rice, dried fruit compote.

Dinner: boiled fish with white sauce, mashed potatoes, cheesecake, tea.

Before bedtime: kefir – 1 glass. For the whole day: bread (any) – 250 g, butter – 15 g, sugar – 30 g.

Limit foods that will contribute to the formation of uric acid in the body. These are brains, meat broths, liver, kidneys.

Your diet should limit vegetable fats, meat and fish. It is necessary to take freshly prepared citrate solutions; they prevent the salts from crystallizing and dissolve the uric acid salt. If you have kidney stones, you should not drink grapefruit juice.

Prohibited foods for urate kidney stones

You should not eat foods that are rich in purines:

Canned snack foods (herring, sprat, sprats, cod liver, sardines), meat and fish broths.
Internal organs of animals (heart, kidneys, udder, tongue, brains, liver), limit meat and fish.
Pickles and smoked meats, spices, spicy soups, bone decoctions. Also jellies, meat soups, pates, liver sausage.
Products from greens and vegetables - Brussels sprouts, soybeans, beans, sorrel, spinach, asparagus and celery, grapefruit, cauliflower.

It is allowed to eat foods that have alkaline properties - bread, except baked goods, eggs, cereals and pasta, cottage cheese, cheese, fermented milk products and milk, vegetable oil and butter. You are also allowed to eat berries, fruits, and herbs.

Vegetables: cucumbers, pumpkin, carrots, white cabbage. To reduce the concentration of uric acid salts, you need to drink up to 3 liters of liquid. Fresh lemon juice contains a lot of citrates and is recommended to drink.

For urate stones, it is best to drink alkaline mineral waters: Essentuki No. 4 and No. 17, Smirnovskaya, Slavyanovskaya, Borjomi, Jermuk.

For urate stones, the following collections are recommended: birch and wild strawberry leaves, black elderberry flowers, flax seeds, parsley grass, rose hips; corn silk, wild strawberry whole plant, lingonberry leaves, knotweed grass, parsley root, tea bud shoots, calamus rhizome; fruits of juniper, barberry, fennel, licorice rhizome, wheatgrass, steelberry root.

Shepherd's purse grass; leaves of peppermint, lingonberry, knotweed herb, cinquefoil, parsley, caraway fruits, mountain ash, oats; anise fruits, birch and wild strawberry leaves, sweet clover herbs, motherwort, horsetail, dental ammi inflorescences, flax seeds, blue cornflower flowers; birch leaves, watches, lingonberries, coriander fruits, dill, tea bud shoots, wild rosemary, oat straw, bud tea shoots and wild rosemary shoots, peppermint grass and bloodroot.

These collections are accepted for two months, during breaks you can use individual plants: corn silk, steelhead roots, parsley, celery, asparagus.

Approximate diet menu for urate kidney stones:

1st breakfast: vegetable salad with vegetable oil, one hard-boiled egg, tea;

2nd breakfast: rosehip decoction – 1 glass;

Dinner: vegetarian borscht, fried cutlets with boiled potatoes, jelly;

Dinner:“lazy” dumplings with sour cream, tea;

Before bedtime: kefir – 1 glass; All day: wheat bread – 200 g, sugar – 30 g, butter – 15 g.

If the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium is disturbed in patients with kidney stones, phosphaturia and calciuria appear, for which diet 14 is prescribed in a hospital setting.

Foods in the diet for phosphate kidney stones

Patients are allowed to pass on foods that increase the acidity of urine (meat, fish, eggs, flour and cereal products). It is prohibited to transfer vegetables, fruits, berries, and dairy products. The latter should be periodically included in the diet so as not to deplete the body of calcium.

At home, the diet for phosphate kidney stones is aimed at converting the alkaline reaction of urine into acidic. Diet composition: proteins – 90 g, fats – 100 g, carbohydrates – 380-400 g, kitchen salt – 10-12 g, liquids – 1.5-2.5 l, energy value – 2800-3000 kcal. Diet: 4-5 times a day, in between and on an empty stomach - drinking.

All types of bread are recommended, with the exception of butter breads, with a limit of milk and egg yolks), soups - with weak meat, fish or mushroom broths with various cereals, pasta and legumes, lean meat, poultry and fish, hard-boiled eggs, vegetables ( green peas, asparagus), mushrooms, herring, meat and fish snacks, caviar, tea, coffee, cocoa without milk, rose hip decoction.

It is necessary to exclude greens, vegetables, fruits (except lingonberries), butter and vegetable oils from the diet (use only for cooking). Meat and cooking fats are limited, as well as foods that contain huge amounts of calcium salts (dairy products), spicy foods, and spices.

Menu for phosphate kidney stones:

On an empty stomach: rosehip decoction – 1 glass.

1st breakfast: soaked herring, buckwheat porridge, tea.

2nd breakfast: decoction of wheat bran.

Dinner: noodle soup with chicken broth, fried chicken with boiled rice, jelly.

Dinner: protein omelet, fried fish with green peas, tea. Before bedtime: Rosehip decoction – 1 glass. For the whole day: bread (any) – 300 g, sugar – 40 g, butter – 15 g.

Mineral waters in the diet for kidney stones

Treatment with mineral waters is widely used for kidney stones.

For example, after the passage of stones, patients with uric acid diuresis are recommended to take alkaline mineral waters (Essentuki No. 4 and No. 17, Slavyanskaya, Borjomi), for oxalate stones - low-mineralized water (Essentuki No. 20, Naftusya, Sairme), for phosphate stones - mineral waters, promoting urine oxidation (Dolomite Narzan, Naftusya, Arzni).

Yes, clean water without impurities helps to increase daily diuresis, as a result of which small stones can be washed out of the kidneys in the urine or move into the bladder.

However, research shows that not only a large amount of water can prevent the formation of kidney stones, but also any other liquids - herbal decoctions, tea, juices, etc., since water accounts for almost the majority of their composition.

Coffee, tea and carbonated drinks for kidney stones

Many people believe that these drinks contribute to kidney stones for one reason or another. It is believed, for example, that caffeine, which is contained in coffee and is a weak diuretic, contributes to dehydration of the body.

Some types of tea contain high levels of oxalates as well as caffeine. In addition, there is an opinion that carbonated drinks also cause the formation of kidney stones.

But research shows that none of these drinks increase the risk of developing kidney stones. The importance of caffeine, oxalates and soda in this case is too overrated.

But what really increases the risk of stone formation is grapefruit juice. But so far the mechanism that contributes to this is not clear.

Alcohol may cause kidney stones

Another myth that has been dispelled. Some people believe that alcohol, by acting as a diuretic, contributes to dehydration and, consequently, the formation of stones. It is interesting to note studies that indicate that beer and white wine reduce the risk of kidney stones. However, this should not be taken as a call for excessive alcohol consumption to reduce the risk of stone formation.

Vitamin C increases the risk of stone formation

Vitamin C – ascorbic acid – can be broken down into oxalates in the body. While it remains questionable whether megadoses of ascorbic acid promote stone formation, research does not show that vitamin C increases the risk of urolithiasis.

Plants for kidney stones

In the complex treatment of kidney stones, the following medicinal plants are widely used: yarrow, corn silk, knotweed, wild strawberry, horsetail, rose hips, bearberry leaves, parsley, lingonberry, white birch leaves.

For urate kidney stones The following collection is recommended: horsetail herb, St. John's wort herb - 25 g each, yarrow herb, blueberry leaves, common bean pods - 25 g each. 1 tbsp. Infuse the mixture for 6 hours in a glass of cold water, cook for 15 minutes and strain. Drink at one time before meals.

For oxalate kidney stones Two collections are offered: 1) Tricolor violet flowers - 10 g, mountain arnica flowers - 15 g, stinging nettle leaves - 20 g. 3 tbsp. Brew the collection in 0.5 liters of boiling water, boil to 150 ml. Take 20-30 drops 3-4 times a day before meals.

2) Common burdock leaves – 20 g, creeping wheatgrass root – 30 g. 1 tbsp. collection, pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 8 hours in a warm place, strain. Use 2 tbsp. 3-4 times a day before meals.

For phosphate and carbonate kidney stones: 1) Tricolor violet herb, horsetail herb - 30 g each, St. John's wort herb, dandelion herb, laxative herb - 25 g each. 1 tbsp. Brew the collection in a glass of boiling water. Take 1 glass 3 times a day after meals.

2) Shepherd's purse bark - 10 g, field steelhead bark - 15 g, common heather grass - 30 g. 1 tbsp. Brew the collection in a glass of boiling water. Take 1 tbsp. 3-4 times a day after meals.

The appearance of stones in the organs of the genitourinary system is a common occurrence. Once the diagnosis is made, treatment should begin. Diet for urolithiasis occupies one of the main places in therapy. Proper nutrition can quickly dissolve stones and prevent their reappearance. The list of permitted ingredients can be compiled by the attending physician, depending on the type of stones formed. Self-medication can complicate the course of the disease and cause side effects.

Nutrition for urolithiasis requires adherence to the rules. First of all, it is necessary to determine what type of stones the body is predisposed to. The doctor does this using laboratory tests. After determination, food products that cause the accumulation of salts of this type in the body should be eliminated or minimized. An important step for the treatment or prevention of urolithiasis is the drinking regime. An adult should drink at least 2.5 liters of water per day. If desired, this value can be increased. Drinking plenty of fluids helps remove sand and small stones from the kidneys. With the help of a nutritionist, you should determine suitable foods that can change the reaction of urine to prevent the deposition of salts in the organs of the genitourinary system.

What foods can you eat?

Watermelon is very useful for urolithiasis; it can remove sand and small stones from the kidneys.

Doctors identify products whose introduction into the daily diet has a beneficial effect on the organs of the genitourinary system. The list of components for urolithiasis that will be beneficial includes:

fruits and berries, including watermelon, currants, cherries, quinces, oranges, plums, cranberries, apricots and blackberries;
vegetables, especially cabbage, potatoes and pumpkin;
dried fruits, namely dried apricots and raisins;
bread products made from wholemeal flour;
lean meat and fish;
cereals and porridges based on them;
garlic in the form of a decoction;

Eating the above helps prevent and cure the disease in men and women. Diet is especially important for people after stone removal. It is this category that is prone to the recurrence of urolithiasis in the bladder and kidneys. Preference should be given to boiled, steamed, stewed or baked dishes, since the benefits of such foods are greater than those of fried foods.

What should you not do if you have urolithiasis?

Eating frequently fried meat can cause stones to form.

There are a number of products, the use of which provokes the formation of stones and harms the entire genitourinary system. To prevent urolithiasis, you should limit the consumption of dairy products, onions, fresh garlic, fried meat and fish, legumes, chocolate and strong coffee and tea. Tomatoes contribute to the appearance of oxalate stones, so they should be eaten with caution. Salted fish, smoked meats, parsley, canned food, marinades and spices, sorrel, spinach, mustard and horseradish are strictly prohibited during illness and to prevent relapse. Harmful drinks include alcoholic and carbonated drinks. The reason for the ban is the high content of oxalic acid in these components, which provokes the appearance of insoluble stones and harms the organs of the genitourinary system.

Features of nutritional treatment depending on the type of stones

The diagnosis of urolithiasis consists of three subtypes, each of which characterizes the type of stones formed. Thus, urate, oxalate and phosphate stones are distinguished. The type of doctor is determined based on the results of laboratory tests. It is impossible to independently understand what type of stones are in the kidneys or bladder. Depending on the diagnosis, dietary nutrition is prescribed. The list of ingredients for each type of urolithiasis is different. Thus, products allowed for urates are strictly prohibited for oxalate stones. Thus, starting a diet without consulting a doctor is dangerous to your health.

Nutrition for urolithiasis

Foods high in vitamin C help prevent urolithiasis.

Urate stones form in the kidneys when there is an increased concentration of uric acid. Doctors say that the presence of a small amount of stones of this type in the body is considered normal. However, their increased quantity poses a threat to human health. To prevent urolithiasis, proper nutrition is necessary, which consists of foods that make the urine pH alkaline. The list of healthy ingredients includes: dairy products (cottage cheese, cheese, fermented milk drinks), fruits, cereals (especially wheat and buckwheat), as well as foods high in vitamin C. Prohibited ingredients include fatty ingredients, canned food and alcohol. Drinking fluids is important for the treatment and prevention of urate stones in the kidneys and bladder. So, you need to drink at least 2.5 liters of water per day. On hot days, this amount increases depending on the body's needs.

Nutrition for oxalates

Oxalate stones are formed as a result of the activity of oxalic acid. Excessive consumption of vitamin C in food and general poor nutrition lead to an increase in the concentration of the substance. The diet for oxalate stones is aimed at a high content of drinking in the diet and fractional meals. The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys begins with a single meal combined with freshly squeezed juices. Foods containing oxalic acid should be excluded from the diet and salt intake should be minimized. The patient's food should contain B vitamins, as well as vegetables and fruits. In addition, preparations based on medicinal plants are considered effective.

Nutrition for phosphate stones

Poor nutrition can lead to the formation of new stones.

Phosphate stones are formed when there is an increased content of calcium and magnesium salts in the body. A diet for urolithiasis involves excluding dairy, as well as some vegetables and fruits. You can eat all types of grains and legumes, high protein foods, sour berries, and green vegetables. If you have gallstones, you should not consume alcoholic beverages, sweets and baked goods, as well as fatty foods and all types of seasonings and marinades. If there are oxalates in the urine, you need to increase the volume of fluid consumed to 3 liters.

For oxalate stones, nutrition is as follows:

For breakfast, a serving of low-fat cottage cheese with a glass of tea with milk and a slice of bread and butter is suitable;
second breakfast consists of oatmeal-based porridge with lingonberry juice as a drink;
for lunch you should prepare soup based on vegetable broth with the addition of a spoonful of sour cream, a small piece of bread and homemade compote of permitted berries;
the afternoon snack will consist of pasta casserole with the addition of low-fat cottage cheese and fruit jelly;
For dinner you should serve boiled or baked beef with mashed potatoes and carrots, and take still mineral water as a drink;
Before bed, a savory bun with a glass of cranberry or lingonberry juice is allowed.

Urolithiasis is a pathology in which stones form in the urinary tract or kidneys from metabolic products. Stones may not cause trouble for a certain time, but in some cases they begin to move through the urinary tract and provoke pain or renal colic.

The presence of stones can be detected by ultrasound of the kidneys or after another type of diagnosis of urinary tract patency. There are several types of stones:

urates,
oxalates,
phosphates.

It is the type of stones that influences the selection of dietary nutrition. A diet for urolithiasis in men and women is a necessity, since the exact cause of the formation of stones is unknown. It is possible that it is poor nutrition that provokes the growth of stones. It is impossible to treat the cause of the pathology, therefore symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy is used. Diet is a technique that should be used in combination with other medications.

One of the most common urological diseases is urolithiasis

General diet rules

Maintaining dietary nutrition depends on the patient's desire to return to a normal lifestyle. If during the period of remission not all patients return to dietary restrictions, then during the period of exacerbation of the disease the diet cannot be abandoned.

Regardless of the types of stones, there are general rules that apply to dietary nutrition:

The number of drinks per day should be at least 2–2.5 liters.
Protein foods should be consumed in moderation, and you should also pay attention to foods rich in purines.
It is recommended to increase the amount of fiber in the diet.
It is important to saturate the body with B vitamins.
Foods high in calcium can be eaten in limited quantities.
Salty and spicy dishes are excluded.
Alcohol consumption is prohibited.

The most important point is sufficient consumption of water, as well as drinks that have a natural diuretic effect: raspberry teas, fruit drinks, cranberry infusions. It is not recommended to drink carbonated drinks, with the exception of simple mineral water. Such actions will facilitate the timely excretion of urine, it will not stagnate in the tract and sediment will not have time to form. You can divide the entire daily volume into glasses and take them evenly throughout the day, and drink one glass at night.

In order for daily diuresis to be normal, you need to drink at least two liters of fluid per day

If we talk briefly about each type of stone, then:

If you have urate stones, you should limit yourself to fish and meat products.
If you have oxalate stones, you should not eat chocolate, sweets, and some vegetables and plants like sorrel.
If you have phosphates, you should not abuse alkaline foods, namely cottage cheese, cheese, fruits and vegetables.

Men and women often have different etiologies for the occurrence of stones. Male stones are associated with kidney pathology, and female stones are associated with hormonal imbalances, for example, during menopause. In any case, the diet is prescribed when sand or stones pass through the urinary tract in order to reduce inflammation and improve the condition of the kidneys and bladder.

These rules must also be followed in cases where there is a hereditary predisposition to the formation of kidney stones. You can stick to the diet loosely, but it is better to limit yourself to dangerous foods in advance. And the rules are also suitable for those who have mixed stones.

Nutrition must be balanced and have sufficient energy value for the normal functioning of the body.

Menu according to Pevzner

In the Soviet Union, general dietary tables were developed, which were used in medical institutions and sanatoriums. In case of urolithiasis, it was supposed to eat according to diet No. 6 or No. 7.

Diet No. 7 was prescribed for kidney pathologies, and its main postulates are as follows:

Diet when detecting urates

Since urates are products formed on the basis of acids, the patient’s main task is to alkalinize the urine. Therefore, the diet largely consists of dairy products and vegetable dishes. It is important to make meals as regular as possible, without long breaks during the day. Their optimal number is 5-6 times. Fatty foods are completely excluded.

You can include in your diet:

porridge cooked in milk;
stewed vegetables;
berries and fruits, nuts in unlimited quantities;
cottage cheese, kefir, fermented baked milk and other fermented milk products;
cereals, flour products;
vegetable oils in any form;
eggs.

You cannot eat fatty rich broths, soups, drink coffee, tea and cocoa. It is important to exclude fast food from your diet, and also avoid fish oil, veal, and baked or seasoned pork.

Therapeutic nutrition for urolithiasis helps the body recover and acts as an excellent prevention

What to eat if you find oxalates

The detection of oxalates in the urinary tract causes a diet with a sharp limitation in the amount of table salt and carbohydrates. Oxalates are most easily absorbed and eliminated from the body without surgery if they are small in size. The maximum amount of carbohydrates per day is no more than 0.5 kg.

The main rule of the diet for urolithiasis in men and oxalates is to reduce the amount of oxalic acid, it is found in foods such as:

green crops (spinach, sorrel);
currant;
chocolate;
citruses;
confectionery;
candies;
sour fruits;
rich broths.

Peaches, pears, grapes are allowed fruits in the summer, provided they drink plenty of fluids. For first courses, you can cook vegetable soups, you can eat vegetable oil and eggs, lean fish, and milk porridges. Red meat should be consumed every other day or two, and also alternated with chicken meat. If the disease has worsened, then dairy products must be excluded.

Phosphate stones

Phosphate stones are formed in the case of hypercalcemia, that is, a high level of calcium in the blood. Therefore, in order to receive less of the element, it is recommended to limit yourself to dairy products and fruits.

During urolithiasis, changing dietary habits is a priority, since all food breakdown products necessarily pass through the kidneys. Diet for urolithiasis is considered a necessary and important component of the complex treatment of the disease. Taking into account the type of disorders that caused the formation of stones, as well as the chemical composition of the stones, a therapeutic diet is developed and prescribed.

First, let me remind you of the essence of the disease itself. Urolithiasis is the formation of stones and the deposition of sand in the organs of the urinary system. The disease is quite common, and can occur in people of both sexes and all ages, often occurs in a latent and acute form, and is often accompanied by serious complications and relapses.

The reason for the formation of stones and sand is an excessive increase in the concentration of salts of various substances that precipitate (are not excreted from the body) due to disrupted metabolic processes and exposure to certain unfavorable conditions. Among them are dehydration, frequently occurring diseases of the genitourinary system in acute and chronic form (cystitis, pyelonephritis, etc.), nutritional deficiency or vitamin deficiency, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, chronic digestive system, sedentary lifestyle, congenital features or genetic pathology of the structure of the organs of the urinary system, unhealthy diet, hard water, vascular and metabolic disorders directly in the kidneys, and in the body itself.

With timely diagnosis of the disease, proper drug therapy and, most importantly, adherence to diet, treatment is successful and surgical intervention is not required. Careful adherence to a therapeutic diet for urolithiasis prevents the growth of existing stones or the formation of new ones, changes the acidity of urine, which promotes the dissolution of stones. The diet (regardless of the composition of the stone) requires adherence to a drinking regime, which stimulates the processes of removing stones, sand and other sediment from the kidneys and bladder.

So, the type of stones (chemical composition) influences the choice of diet, which is developed by the doctor together with a nutritionist. Stones can be oxalate, urate, phosphate, organic and mixed (a mixture of various salts, found in almost half of the cases). Remember, a therapeutic diet for phosphate stones is completely unsuitable for urate stones; it will stimulate the growth of stones. Therefore, it is very important to trust specialists in matters of nutrition. Because of this, you cannot stick to a strict diet for a long time; this will dramatically change the composition of your urine and provoke the formation of other types of stones. For example, with a long-term alkalizing diet in the case of gout, patients often find phosphate stones in the kidneys. Medical nutrition is recommended during the period of active treatment; in the future, the diet is gradually expanded (again under the supervision of a specialist).

General principles of therapeutic nutrition for kidney stones.
In case of urolithiasis, it is very important to drink 2 to 2.5 liters of clean drinking water during the day (you can use rosehip decoction). Juices, fruit drinks, compotes, teas and other liquids do not count. In general, stones begin to form against the background of an increase in the concentration of ions in the urine, therefore, the more water is filtered and excreted in the urine, the better, the concentration will decrease.

The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys should be balanced and have sufficient energy value. Existing diseases of the digestive system must be taken into account, since their exacerbation can impair the absorption of vitamins and microelements, which will lead to stone formation.

Meals should be fractional, that is, 5-6 meals a day in small portions.

When does diet help?
Amino acid stones (cysteine and xanthine stones) cannot be corrected with medical nutrition, since they are formed due to genetic pathologies. If certain recommendations are followed, urate stones can be eliminated. Oxalates or phosphorus-calcium stones practically do not dissolve; dietary nutrition will only prevent the formation of new stones.

Diet for the deposition of oxalate stones.
Oxalates are crystals of the calcium salt of oxalic acid; they are formed when there is an increased intake of oxalic acid or vitamin C in food, as well as when the absorption of oxalic acid increases due to a lack of calcium and vitamin B6.

The therapeutic diet includes exclusion from the diet:

green salad, spinach, sorrel, rhubarb, beets, celery, parsley;
chocolate, cocoa;
jelly and jellies;
figs and purslane;
vitamin C in the form of a food supplement, as well as products where the vitamin is a preservative;
smoked meats, saltiness and marinades;
broths and spices;
offal.

It is necessary to significantly limit consumption:

salts (especially for children, since oxalates are most often formed in childhood);
carrots, tomatoes, green beans;
chicken and beef meat;
citrus fruits;
black and red currants, rose hips, gooseberries, blueberries;
sour varieties of apples;
sweets;
young greenery;
tea, coffee (preferably not strong with milk).

The diet is allowed to include:

potatoes, cauliflower, pumpkin, peas, eggplant, prunes, red beans;
pear, sweet apples, plums, grapes (grape fasting days are recommended), dogwood, apricots, bananas, watermelons;
all cereals and whole grains (especially buckwheat, wheat bran, oatmeal);
bran bread;
nuts;
dairy products (preferably in the morning);
infusions of half-palm, madder, birch leaves and violet roots;
low-fat fish.

If oxaluria is not severe, a corrective diet is not required, but with a long course of the disease, there is a high risk of developing secondary inflammation (pyelonephritis), which leads to alkalinization of urine and provokes the formation of phosphate stones. It is quite difficult to develop a diet for such a condition, since it is important to take into account and combine the requirements of two diets.

Sample menu for one day for oxalate stones.
Breakfast: cottage cheese (100 grams), 200 ml of tea with milk, a piece of bread with butter.
Lunch: rolled oats porridge with milk (150 g), lingonberry juice (can be made from jam) (250 ml).
Dinner: vegetarian vegetable soup (250 ml) with sour cream, a slice of bread, berry compote (250 ml).
Afternoon snack: pasta and cottage cheese casserole (150 g), fruit jelly (250 ml).
Dinner: 100 g of baked beef, boiled potatoes with carrots (150 g), a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: a small bun (not a muffin), a glass of cranberry juice.

Diet for the deposition of urate stones.
Their formation occurs against the background of an excess of the product of purine metabolism - uric acid - in the urine, as well as when the urine is acidic. Therefore, the diet in this case involves a reduction in the diet of foods rich in purine bases, as well as alkalization of urine. The diet is dairy-vegetable in nature.

Prohibited products:

canned food, marinades;
fish and meat of adult animals (you can eat boiled non-fat varieties three times a week), veal and lamb are excluded;
sausages and various smoked meats;
offal (brains, liver, lungs);
salted cheese;
animal fats (pork, beef or cooking);
fish;
jellies;
sorrel and spinach, cauliflower, rhubarb and figs;
rich broths, including mushroom ones;
mushrooms;
legumes;
alcoholic drinks (especially beer and red wine);
tea and coffee (sometimes not strong), cocoa and chocolate, cranberry juice.

Authorized products:

porridge (buckwheat, millet, barley);
pasta, bread;
dried fruits, sweets (except chocolate), honey, jam, marmalade;
potatoes (baked or “in their jacket” are especially useful), tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, radishes (especially in combination with honey), beets;
nuts and seeds;
milk and fermented milk products, cottage cheese and mild cheeses;
eggs;
any berries and fruits (especially pears, apples, watermelons, apricots and peaches);
mineral water, lemon juice, fruit drinks, juices (especially carrot);
dairy and vegetarian soups (based on vegetable broth with the addition of boiled meat);
parsley, dill, green onions;
in a small amount of spice;
decoctions of cornflower flowers, clover, black currant leaves, dandelion roots and burdock.

Fasting with this type of stones is completely contraindicated, since its consequence is acidification of the internal environment of the body and increased formation of uric acid, which settles in the kidneys. But fasting days (1-2 times a week) will be very useful (vegetables (1.5 kg per day), dairy or kefir (1-2 liters per day), fruit (apple 1.5-2 kg)). Fluid intake is not limited these days.

Sample menu for one day for urate kidney stones.
First breakfast: pudding of carrots, millet and apples (100 g piece), a glass of tea with milk, 150 g of vegetable salad (dressing - vegetable oil).
Lunch: rosehip decoction (250 ml), bun, but not baking.
Dinner: 250 ml noodle soup with milk, a slice of bread, potato cutlets (150 g), berry compote (250 ml).
Afternoon snack: two apples.
Dinner: cabbage rolls with boiled rice and vegetables (200 g), a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: decoction of wheat bran (250 ml).

Diet for phosphate stones.
Calcium salts of phosphoric acid (apatites) are formed as a result of impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism, therefore the therapeutic diet is aimed at acidifying urine.

Prohibited products:

vegetables (including potatoes) and canned vegetables, fruits (juices);
ice cream;
milk and fermented milk products (cottage cheese, cheeses) (periodically arrange calcium days);
alcohol;
coffee;
spices and savory snacks;
carbonated drinks;
salt in any form and salty foods;
smoked meats, saltiness, marinades;
animal fats;
egg yolk.

Authorized products:

meat and fish (including seafood);
vegetables (pumpkin, beans, peas, lentils, asparagus, Brussels sprouts);
sour berries (cranberries, currants, lingonberries);
pasta, bread and bakery products (except baked goods);
porridges and soups (vegetable);
butter and vegetable oil;
egg white (sometimes);
liver;
nuts;
rosehip decoctions and fruit drinks (especially from cranberries and lingonberries);
apples and juices from sour varieties of apples and grapes;
mineral water;
herbal infusions or teas (burdock root, madder, elecampane, bearberry, lovage, centaury);
weak meat and mushroom broths;
moderately sweet;
salt (10-12 g per day).

If you have atherosclerosis, despite the possible consumption of meat and fish in this diet, these foods should be limited.

Sample menu for phosphaturia (phosphate stones) for one day.
First breakfast: 100 g buckwheat porridge, a glass of tea, egg white.
Lunch: a glass of rosehip infusion, a soft bun.
Dinner: 250 ml portion of soup with meatballs, a slice of bread, a glass of berry compote (you can use dried berries).
Afternoon snack: meat cutlet (no more than 100 g), a glass of jelly.
Dinner: 100 g baked chicken, 100 g boiled rice, a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: a glass of tea and a piece of grain bread.

Dietary nutrition for urolithiasis is aimed at improving the patient’s condition during therapy, after surgery and to prevent relapse of the disease. The diet and its duration should be prescribed by the attending physician together with a nutritionist based on the data of the medical examination and the tests obtained.

Good afternoon, dear readers! Nowadays, more and more people suffer from urolithiasis. Doctors explain this phenomenon with the deterioration of the global environmental situation and the poor quality of the water we drink. Heavy metals, which are found in water, food and air, accumulate in our body and cause diseases of this kind.

What are urate stones and why are they formed?

Urate kidney stones are a special type of urolithiasis. Sometimes urate stones cause complications in the human body, so we should be careful and follow a special diet to dissolve urate stones.

With uraturia, uric acid accumulates in the body. It begins its decomposition in the urinary organs, forming sand or small stones. Such stones can be found not only in the kidneys, but also in the bladder and ureters.

Reasons for the formation of urate stone

Improper metabolism.
Genetic predisposition, in other words, heredity.
Eating sour, spicy foods.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Diseases of the esophagus or genitourinary organs.
Poor blood supply to the kidney.
Violation of fluid volume in the body.

The volume of fluid is impaired in case of excessive loss: with high fever, vomiting or excessive physical activity.

It should be noted the peculiarity of the formation of urates in the kidneys with excessive and unbalanced food consumption:

fried meat, meat broths
canned fish
legumes
tomatoes
alcohol
chocolate

Forced fasting can also cause the formation of urates.

When urate is formed in the kidneys or urinary tract, the body accumulates excess uric acid, the formation of which is facilitated by purine substances in foods. The diet limits the consumption of foods rich in purines, such as meat, meat by-products, fish, as well as mushrooms and legumes.

Urates, kidney urate stones, can appear at any age in both male and female bodies. For prevention, you should adhere to a balanced diet and lead a healthy lifestyle.

Treatment of urate kidney stones

Often, urate stones are a consequence of poor diet, so during treatment you need to balance your diet. With proper treatment, urate stones easily dissolve in our body, but do not delay treatment - sometimes stones cause complications.

The course of treatment depends on factors such as the size of the stone and its location in the body. If the stone that appears is small in size, then treatment will consist of a strict diet and taking the necessary medications. Also, your doctor may recommend diuretic herbal preparations and exercise therapy. In particularly difficult cases, you will be treated surgically.

When cleansing the body of urates, we will need to do the following:

Increase the volume of water in the body.
Achieve alkalinization of urine to remove kidney stones.
Reduce consumption of foods that contribute to the formation of urate.

To achieve all three goals, I want to offer you, dear readers, the best option - a special diet against kidney stones. It is this regimen that will facilitate the work of the urinary tract, properly normalize metabolism and prevent the reappearance of urates in the kidneys.

Diet principles for dissolving urate kidney stones

Monitor your calorie intake. The daily norm increases to 2800 kilocalories.
You are allowed to consume the most carbohydrates - four hundred grams. Proteins can be consumed in the amount of 70-80 grams, fats - no more than 90 grams.
You need to adhere to the following diet: 5 meals a day, excluding too cold foods from the diet.
It is useful to arrange - fruit, dairy, vegetable.

Allowed foods during the diet against urate stones

sweet fruits and berries
milk products
vegetables: eggplants, potatoes, bell peppers, pumpkin, cucumbers, cauliflower, zucchini
watermelons
pasta
rye bread, white wheat bread
buckwheat, wheat porridge
citrus
eggs from which the yolks have been removed (no more than 1 yolk per day is allowed)
jam, jelly and compotes
honey, marshmallow, marmalade
Tea with lemon

I recommend eating more apples, pears, and grapes from fruits, and watermelons from berries. It is these products that contribute to the alkalinization of urine.

During this regimen, you need to drink about 2-3 liters of fluid daily.

Citrus fruits can be eaten if oxalates are not observed in the urine. If present in the urine test, then limited consumption of oranges is allowed. You should also limit your potato consumption.

Prohibited foods during the diet against urate stones

meat by-products and meat of young animals
broths of all types: from meat, mushrooms and fish
smoked meats and pickles
vegetables: lettuce, parsley, green onion, sorrel
from fruits: Antonov apples, cranberries, lingonberries and other fruits with high acidity
legumes
flour
alcohol
cocoa, chocolate, coffee, sweets
It is necessary to limit salt consumption and maintain its daily intake.

Thus, in case of urolithiasis, accompanied by the formation of stones from uric acid salts (urates), we can recommend diet No. 6, i.e. the same as for gout.

Features of cooking during a diet against urate stones

Despite the diet, absolutely everyone always wants to pamper themselves with a piece of freshly prepared delicious meat. In this case, you can afford it. I want to tell you about the products, features and principles of cooking meat that should be followed when dieting against urate in the kidneys.

As I already wrote above, urate stones are formed from uric acid salts, the formation of which is promoted by special substances - purines. The largest amount of purines is found in meat, fish, mushrooms, offal: liver, kidneys, lungs. When these products are cooked, most of these substances are boiled down and remain in the broth. Therefore, any meat broths are strictly contraindicated. Meat is only allowed boiled or steamed.

Before cooking, soak the meat in a saline solution for about three hours.
Cook the first courses using vegetable broth; the meat can be cooked separately and placed on a plate when serving.
Place the meat immediately into boiling water.

Basic folk remedies in the fight against urates

It is very useful for a person suffering from kidney stones to eat foods such as freshly squeezed carrot juice and radish with honey. They accompany the removal of stones from the kidney.

The correct menu for a diet against urates.

Which doctor should I see?

If you want to consult about the necessary medications, then you should go to a nephrologist. If you decide to consult a specialist about the diet you should follow, or discuss permitted foods, go to a nutritionist.