Dental inlays in dentistry - pros and cons. Stump tab for teeth under a crown: what is it, types, cost What are the tabs for crowns

Human teeth sooner or later begin to be destroyed. Modern approaches dental care allow you to solve any problem that has arisen in the mouth. It is possible to restore the resulting defect not only with a filling material, but also with an orthopedic structure. Indications for replacement are limited to IROPZ (index of destruction of the occlusal surfaces of the tooth). Let's look at this type of intervention by an orthopedic dentist, like a tab in a tooth, what is it and how is it used?

Tabs on the teeth are used for IROPZ more than 55%. Using this orthopedic design, it is possible to recreate a severely damaged surface and restore a functional accessory. What is a dental inlay? The prosthetic construction looks like an inseparable micro prosthesis, which was prepared in a dental laboratory. This microprosthesis fills an extensive defect of the cavity, its absence or eliminates aesthetic dissatisfaction by installing on the front teeth affected by the process. The structure is installed on the teeth or on the implant shaft using special keys.

With significant tissue destruction, it is impossible to install a filling, since it will not adequately transmit chewing pressure, which will subsequently lead to a crack and break off of a part of the crown. All this can complicate further treatment by an orthopedist and the only way out of this situation is to perform extraction (removal from the hole), with further correction of the stages of prosthetics. Accordingly, the choice of tactics in favor of a crown, inlay or filling will be based on the indications.

The tab in the tooth is a copy of the lost integrity of the crown. She has the appropriate anatomical structure shapes, grooves. After manufacturing at the stage of fitting (preliminary fitting in the tooth cavity), it should fit evenly along the entire line with edges. And also this design is in no way inferior in color characteristics to the physiological color of the tooth. The main indication for establishing will be a strong destruction from caries, when repeated filling measures do not give the desired results. They do not recommend insertion if there is a cavity on the proximal edge or if there is bruxism (nocturnal grinding of the teeth).

Installation steps

Let's take a closer look at the installation of a tab in a tooth, and what is it? At the first appointment, having chosen the tactics of prosthetics and having heard about this design, the patient thinks about the moments of prosthetics. The establishment process takes place in several stages. Initially, the mouth, dentition and mucosa and directly affected structures are examined. Then the doctor directs the patient for x-ray diagnosis. After that, the general practitioner performs depulpation or repeated endodontic treatment of the canals, in case of periapical changes around the apex of the tooth, it is necessary to correct the therapy.

After carrying out the above procedures, the result of which is supported by an X-ray examination, it is necessary to return to the appointment with an orthopedic doctor. An impression is taken (a reverse image of the dentition with the teeth in it). The impressions are sent to the dental laboratory. Further creation and modeling of the structure takes place there. This type of construction takes 1-2 weeks to create. For the period of manufacture, the doctor makes a temporary micro-prosthesis so that the functions of the tooth perform their work to the fullest.

A dental technician (a specialist engaged in orthopedic types of work, with a secondary specialized education) performs:

• restoration of the lost part of the tooth with wax;
• replaces wax with the selected alloy or material;
• models the design, taking into account the anatomical shape;
• sends for fitting (fitting) to an orthopedist.

The doctor tries on the finished structure in the patient's mouth, notes inaccuracies, if any. If everything suits both the doctor and the patient, then the temporarily inserted structure is removed and the permanent one is fixed on the appropriate materials. A microprosthesis in color, shape and occlusion should in no way be inferior to either fillings or fillings.

Difference from a filling

What is a tooth inlay? What is better to install and what is the difference from a seal? This orthopedic design undoubtedly has a number of advantages:

• wear resistance;
• Fortress;
• No change in color;
• Adequate transmission of masticatory tension while maintaining an accurate marginal fit;
• Reconstruction of a large part of the affected tooth structures.

An important nuance is that this design cannot be installed on the milk teeth of children, since the period of suitability of the microprosthesis is much longer than the lifetime of this type of teeth. Average term operation of the microprosthesis for about 10 years.

There are two options for establishing a structure:

1. With IROPZ 0.55_0.6, the construction is applied without additional installation of the crown. Since the structures of the tooth are almost half preserved and will be able to directly continue to participate in the performance of their functions;
2. If the destruction of the tooth surface is more than 80%, then it is necessary to use a pin design (PSV). After installation and fixing on the structure, the crown is put on, which must meet all the necessary requirements:

• Fitting accuracy;
• Color;
• Function execution.

Varieties

Such a representation of the dental tab, what is it? The dental range of services represented by an orthopedic doctor can offer various options for replacing an extensive defect in the patient's dental tissues. The difference in designs is mainly based on the material and method of restoration.

The method of restoration is divided in correlation from the reconstruction of the crown part of the tooth.

Structures are divided into:

• Stump;
• Restorative: provide the color and shape of the affected tissues.

By material:

1. Ceramic: Made from porcelain. The model is cast at high temperature using a high stress pressing technique. They are aesthetically pleasing and durable. It is not recommended to install on fangs, since material chipping is possible on the verge of the applied forces;
2. Composite: easy to manufacture, aesthetic, strong, good marginal fit to the tooth tissues;
3. Zirconium structures: the best aesthetic performance and adaptation. Perfect for filling the front of the jaw. A special device is engaged in the production of this design, thereby ensuring maximum accuracy of the fit of the micro-prosthesis to the tooth tissues. Against this background, the price is significantly higher;
4. Metal: produced under the crown. I use alloys of homogeneous and dissimilar materials: alloys of medical steel that do not give oxidation, alloys based on gold;
5. Metal-ceramic: often use a combination of metal inclusions in the porcelain mass.

KShV: application features

If the patient has significant losses of dense tooth structures and still wants to save, rather than perform extraction and place an implant, a stump design is proposed by an orthopedist. Features of the installation are that the pin device is attached not only to a special material of the cement base, but also in the fact that fixation is performed in the upper third of the length of the root canal. Due to this, the load is evenly distributed, microcracks and leakage are excluded. A crown is subsequently put on the stump structure.

Cult devices are:

• Cast: made under pressure and high temperature. The main part that fills the space of the cavity of the tooth is connected to the root canals with the help of pins;
• One-piece: installation is carried out in the presence of several channels. As a rule, I fix the main part connected to the pin in the main channel (leading, for transferring the load).

Conclusion

I would like to note that only an orthopedic dentist can optimally select the necessary orthopedic structure. He will take into account the wishes, indications and contraindications, give recommendations for operation.

A dental inlay is an artificial miniature prosthesis that is installed in place of the removed affected tissues to reproduce the anatomical shape of each tooth.

In fact, such tabs are like a seal created in the laboratory according to a pre-made cast. This technology belongs to one of the varieties of fixed prosthetics.
Aesthetic and visual characteristics significantly distinguish a dental inlay from an ordinary filling. Such a prosthesis resembles a particle of a molar tooth with identical grooves and tubercles, has a similar color and shape. As a result of long-term manual work, a finished dental inlay is obtained, ideally placed in a previously prepared cavity.
Most often, inlays are installed by dentists on the back teeth. Such devices are often used in the process of prosthetics as support structures for bridges.

Photo: Stump metal tab of the tooth

The stump tab is a dental structure specially made from a cast, on which an artificial crown is subsequently fixed. Used to restore severely damaged teeth.

The stump pin tab consists of crown and root parts. Its root part is fixed in the root canal, the crown part is similar to the stump of the tooth and is already prepared for the crown.

The stump insert, unlike the pin, is installed in several steps, but its use ensures that the tooth will definitely not break and will no longer collapse.

The pin stump tab distributes the load on the tooth evenly, this is its main difference from the pin.

Fastening the insert on a special cement composition ensures a tight fit of the structure to the remnants of the tooth and prevents the formation of cracks.

Kinds

According to the manufacturing method, stump dental inlays are cast and collapsible.

Cast stump tab

Manufactured at high temperature and under pressure. It consists of the main part, which restores the tooth, and fixing pins, with the help of which the tab is fixed in the dental canals.

Collapsible stump tab

It is made if the tooth root has three or four canals. Some pins are made removable, because they cannot freely enter the root canal. Such a tab is almost no different from a cast one. Collapsible inlay perfectly fits the shape of the tooth. After its installation, the removal of the stump tab is unrealistic. In this regard, a lifetime warranty is installed on collapsible stump tabs.

Depending on the material from which the stump tab for the crown is made, the following types of structures are distinguished:

• Metal stump tab .

It can be made of chromium-cobalt alloy, precious metals and their alloys. Such inlays are more reliable than structures made of composite materials, but are unaesthetic. Therefore, they are more often placed on chewing teeth and do not fall into the smile line. Gold inlays are the best option for the restoration of chewing teeth.

• All-ceramic inlay.

The structures are made of pressed ceramic and zirconium dioxide. Zirconia core inlays are as strong as metal inlays, and pressed ceramic inlays are aesthetically identical to porcelain inlays. The manufacturing process of all-ceramic structures is fully automated, which completely eliminates the formation of secondary caries. For the restoration of the anterior teeth, a stump tab is used on the anterior teeth.

• Stump metal-ceramic tab.

The quality of such tabs is worse, because they often fall out. This is explained by the difference in thermal expansion of metal and ceramics.

• Composite insert.

Now such tabs are used very rarely, because they do not differ in quality from ordinary fillings, although their cost is higher.

Stages of manufacturing a stump tab

• Preparing the tooth for taking an impression. Preparation under the stump tab is performed using a drill. To do this, all tooth tissues affected by caries are removed and a cavity is formed under the tab. It is given a certain shape.
• Removal of impressions from teeth. In the laboratory, according to the impression, the dental technician casts a plaster model of the teeth.
• Scanning of the part of the model with the prepared tooth.
• Computer modeling of the stump tab.
• Computer transfer of a three-dimensional model to a milling machine, where the “cutting out” of the ceramic inlay takes place.
• Roasting of blanks in special furnaces.
• Fixation of the stump tab on the tooth.

Indications for installation

The stump tab is possible only if the root of the tooth has survived.

Indications for the use of stump tabs:

Photo: Destruction of dental crowns

• Destruction of the crown part of the tooth.
• Defects in the shape and position of the teeth.
• Defects of the supragingival part of the tooth, having a different origin.
• The inability to restore dental crowns using filling materials or other methods.
• As a support for the installation of a bridge prosthesis.
• In periodontal diseases, as a splinting structure.

Contraindications

The stump tab has some contraindications for use:

• Gum disease at the site of the stump insert.
• Damage to the root of the tooth.
• The presence of pathological tooth mobility.
• Poorly treated root canals.
• An allergic reaction to the alloys from which the structure is made.

How is the installation

• Preparation of the tooth for the installation of the stump tab. For this, endodontic therapy is carried out. The root of the tooth is carefully sealed up to its very top, which is confirmed by an x-ray.
• Root filling one third or half of the root length. The channel is given a taper and width.
• Removal of casts from both jaws so that the future inlay is made taking into account the ratio of the teeth - antagonists.
• In the laboratory, a plaster model of the teeth is made and a wax stump inlay is modeled.
• The stump tab is cast and transferred to the dentist's office.
• Fixation of the finished stump structure with cement. Immediately before installation, the tab is carefully degreased. The tooth is treated with alcohol and dried thoroughly. With the help of a canal filler, the root canals are filled with cement. The tab with the pin is covered with cement mortar and installed in place. Then, if the structure is collapsible, then additional pins are covered with cement and located in the desired root canals. At the end, the entire tab is carefully pressed down.

Recovery and rehabilitation

• Since teeth are prepared before prosthetics with a dental stump insert, after the installation of the structure, complications such as secondary caries or pulpitis may develop.
• In some cases, pain is noted.
• To prevent such complications, you must strictly follow the recommendations of the dentist.

Video: "Removing the stump tab from the tooth"

Frequently asked Questions

It is often difficult for patients to decide on the choice of material for the installation of stump inlays.

When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the condition of the patient's oral cavity, the aesthetics of the structures, the compatibility of the materials from which the stump tab and the dental crown are made.

Answers to frequently asked questions from patients will help you make the right choice.

• Question: What material is better to make a stump tab? Everyone advises gold, is it right?

Answer: Gold tabs are biocompatible and transfer a uniform load to the root.

• Question: How durable are inlays, they say that their service life is from 5 to 10 years, is this true?

Answer: Tabs can last a very long time if proper care. The most durable are gold and zirconium stump inlays.

• Question: What material is better to put a crown on a stump tab?

Answer: If the stump inlay is made of ceramic, then the crown must be made of the same material. If the tab is metal, then the crown must be made of metal. Ideally, the materials should be identical.

Pros and cons of stump tabs

Stump tabs have some advantages over other designs:

• Strength and reliability of fixation.
• Large selection of artificial crowns.
• The ability to give the correct shape to the tooth.
• In some cases, it is possible to correct the position of some teeth.
• Simplified installation of bridge structures.
• They are used for the destruction of any teeth.
• There is no access for bacteria, which prevents the development of inflammatory processes in the gums and the destruction of tooth tissues.
• The artificial crown can be easily dismantled and replaced with another one.
• Excellent esthetics when using ceramic inlays. A zirconium oxide core inlay can be used to restore anterior teeth.
• Long service life.

Disadvantages of stump tabs:

• The high cost of structures.
• The need to remove a large part of the living tissues of the tooth to ensure a perfect fit of the inlay.

Caring for stump inlays

• After installing the stump tab, it is necessary to observe hygienic care of the oral cavity. Brush your teeth at least twice a day using a toothbrush and toothpaste.
• To clean the surface of the dental structure and adjacent gums, it is better to use a toothbrush with soft bristles. With the help of a brush - brush and floss, you can clean the interdental spaces.
• After each meal, rinse your mouth with warm water or a special solution that has an anti-inflammatory effect and freshens your breath.
• At least twice a year, it is necessary to visit the dentist's office for a preventive examination.

Prices for stump tabs

Dental inlays are a rather expensive method of prosthetics.

More affordable is the cobalt-chromium stump tab, the cost of which is lower than that of precious metals and ceramics.

Life time

With proper hygienic care of the stump tab, the service life is 10 years or more.

The stump inlay made of gold has a service life of more than 15-20 years.

A ceramic tab is a special insert for a tooth that has been damaged due to injury or some kind of disease. It is one of the varieties of micro-prosthesis, which has increased strength, which is in no way inferior to tooth enamel. In terms of service life, ceramic inlays are significantly superior to conventional dental inlays, so all more people prefers them. Read more about the pros and cons of ceramic inlays and will be discussed in this article.

In what cases are

• high sensitivity of the patient's teeth, due to which the opposite ones are quickly erased;
• the presence of any mechanical damage to the tooth enamel;
• the tooth on which the tab will be installed is used as a special support for the denture;
• the restored tooth is destroyed by no more than 30%.

On a note! Inlays for teeth are a modern and more technologically advanced version of fillings, made according to an individual cast.

Before installing dental inlays, it is also worth considering contraindications:

• in case of damage to milk teeth, doctors do not recommend installing tabs, because the service life of the installed product exceeds the duration of the existence of this tooth;
• the lack of a solid base for the restored tooth will not allow you to securely fix the tab on it;
• if the tooth is destroyed by more than 60%, then the most optimal option for restoration will not be an inlay, but - this is decided by the doctor individually;
• the damage is so serious that there is practically nothing left of the tooth, with the exception of one wall (2 walls are required for a full installation of the tab);
• the presence of carious processes in oral cavity;
• when the canine or incisor is destroyed, the tabs, as a rule, are not installed.

Ceramic tabs - before and after photos

Experts strongly do not recommend restoring wisdom teeth with tabs. They are not involved in chewing food, therefore, in case of serious damage, it is much easier to remove wisdom teeth than to spend money and time on restoration.

How is an inlay different from a filling?

According to their functions and appearance, it is almost impossible to distinguish a ceramic inlay from a real tooth, therefore such products are often used to restore the lower, upper, and also chewing teeth, which are subjected to heavy stress. For the manufacture of ceramic inlays, 3D modeling is used, and everything is done individually. After examining the patient's dental cast, the doctor enters all the necessary data into the program, which produces images of the future product. With the help of a computer program, you can eliminate minor deviations and shortcomings, choose a shade that best matches healthy teeth.

When restoring the front teeth, special attention is paid to the choice of color, since the dentition in the smile zone must be uniform so that the installed inlays do not differ from other teeth.

It takes at least 7 days to make a new inlay, and during this time a temporary dental filling is installed for the patient, which protects the treated tooth from possible damage. For those patients who suffer from nighttime teeth grinding (burskism), restoring the dentition with inlays is contraindicated. Otherwise, the product will not last long and will soon fall out, making the procedure a waste of money and time.

The main types of ceramic inlays

There are three types of ceramic inlays, differing from each other in the composition used for manufacturing, cost and duration of operation. Let's consider each type separately.

cermet

Metal-ceramic products are new stage in modern dentistry. Their cost practically does not differ from ceramic inlays, but the quality is seriously inferior. Often, dental inlays fall out under the influence of high temperature (there is a thermal expansion of the metal present in the dental structure). Therefore, dentists often do not advise choosing products made from metal ceramics. If you want to install tabs, then it is better not to experiment and choose ordinary ceramic ones.

Pressed ceramics

The procedure for making pressed ceramic products is quite complicated, but in short it can be described as follows: porcelain is affected by very high temperature and pressure, resulting in a durable material - pressed ceramics. With the help of such products, it is possible to achieve maximum aesthetics, but in terms of strength, pressed ceramic inlays are inferior to their counterparts, in particular, zirconium samples.

Zirconium dioxide

The manufacture of zirconium inlays involves the processing of already made blanks made of zirconium dioxide. The grinding process takes place on a pre-made dental cast, or rather, on a modern plaster model. And all this happens automatically, under the control of electronics. As a result, the workpiece is fired, a special porcelain substance is poured into its cavity, and the hardened tab is subsequently attached to the damaged tooth.

If we compare zirconium dental inlays with porcelain ones, they do not differ in their appearance, and the zirconium framework used has the same strength as inlays made of metal. The manufacturing process itself plays an important role in choosing an inlay, in this case it is automated and the human factor is excluded. This is undoubtedly a huge plus.

Product installation technology

Below is the detailed installation process of ceramic products.

Table. Procedure for installing ceramic inlays.

Steps, photo	Description of actions
	If there are old fillings, they are first removed using a special machine. Cooling with water helps prevent overheating of the tooth. The turning of the restored tooth occurs with the use of magnifying instruments, most often binocular glasses. This is due to the need to preserve as much healthy dental tissue as possible.
	After turning, the surface of the tooth is treated with a special tool - a caries detector. It is washed off the teeth when rinsing with water. The caries detector allows you to check whether all damaged tissues of the patient's tooth have been removed.
	After that, precise turning is carried out, and at the end all the edges of the treated tooth are smoothed out with an Arkansas stone. All these actions are necessary to improve the fit of the ceramic inlay.
	Before taking the impression, a special protective agent is applied to the tooth, which is also washed off when rinsing. After that, an impression is taken for the dental technician. The test also takes place with the use of binocular glasses.
	Now the gluing of the made tab is carried out. For this purpose, different types of glue are used: some harden under the influence of ultraviolet light, others need to be mixed before application. In any case, the doctor must strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions. This also applies to all substances for tooth treatment, including special polishing pastes, etching gel, glycerin gel for hardening glue, and so on.

On a note! There are special oral hygiene rules that the patient must follow after the installation of the structure. This will reduce the load on the restored tooth, as a result of which the microprosthesis will last much longer.

Pros and cons of ceramic inlays on the tooth

Ceramic inlays have not only advantages, but also some disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a method for restoring teeth. Let's consider everything in order.

The benefits of using tabs look something like this:

• high aesthetics of the product used, which is not lost over time;
• absolute compatibility of dentures with ceramic inlays;
• low wear of tooth enamel (it is practically not erased);
• when using inlays made of various materials, it is possible to prepare the tooth for the installation of crowns;
• with the help of tabs, even very large holes in the patient's teeth can be successfully repaired;
• products do not change their color under the influence of various coloring substances;
• after installing the tabs, they do not polymerize or shrink;
• inlays are stronger and more durable than dental fillings;
• appearance and the main functions of the tooth are not lost after the installation of a ceramic inlay.

At the same time, ceramic inlays have only one drawback - this is the high cost of the product, which exceeds the cost of the seal several times. Also, for a complete installation of the tab, more than one visit to the doctor is required. Initially, the doctor discusses with his patient the method of restoration, after which the tissues damaged by caries are removed from the surface of the damaged tooth, and only after that a dental cast is made. For the time between grinding the tooth and installing the tab, the patient is given a temporary protective seal, because the manufacture of the product takes at least a few days.

Due to the high cost, not everyone can afford the installation of a ceramic inlay, preferring a dental filling. But when choosing this method, dental health will be maintained for many years, which cannot be said about fillings that need to be changed regularly (every 2-3 years). Also, with fillings, the risk of repeated recurrence of caries increases.

Are there any complications

As noted earlier, the preparation of a damaged tooth for the installation of an inlay consists in the excision of hard tissues. This is done to ensure that the internal cavity has acquired the desired shape. Due to the fact that such a procedure is very similar to a surgical operation, when preparing a tooth for an inlay, a chronic or acute form of pulpitis, secondary caries, may occur.

Patients suffering from hypersensitivity of the teeth, as a rule, experience discomfort after insertion. Opening the cavity can lead to the loss of the tab from the tooth. If this happens, you should immediately visit the dentist's office where this product was installed. If possible, you need to take it with you, then the doctor will process the surface of the tooth and glue the tab back. If the tab was lost, then you will have to pay money for manufacturing again.

Aftercare

There are certain guidelines that you need to follow after installing the tab. First of all, we are talking about regular brushing of teeth, and this should be done not for 30-40 seconds, but for at least 2 minutes. After each meal, it is recommended to use a mouthwash. From heavy loads, including classes in gym, should be abandoned. The fact is that under such loads, a person strongly compresses the jaw, which is why the teeth are subjected to strong mechanical stress.

On a note! Inlays for teeth can be used in dental practice not only separately, but also in tandem with other elements and structures.

As a result, it should be noted that this type of installation of microprostheses is one of the most common methods of tooth restoration. Even in the most severe cases, when the tooth is almost completely destroyed, it can be restored in such a way that the dentition looks as aesthetically pleasing as possible. At the same time, the patient will not suffer from the discomfort that people often have to face after installing dental fillings and other restorative procedures.

Video - What is a ceramic tab

It is not uncommon for a carious cavity to grow in breadth and depth, destroying one or more walls of the tooth. The dentist is unlikely to be able to fill the tooth with high quality, and no one will give guarantees after such treatment. In these cases, dentistry recommends the use of inlays.

What it is

A dental inlay is an artificial microprosthesis that is installed in place of missing tissues and recreates the anatomical shape of the tooth. In fact, this is the same filling made in the laboratory according to an exact cast, unlike a conventional filling, which is modeled directly in the patient's oral cavity.

This method of microprosthetics is one of the subspecies of fixed prosthetics.

What does it look like

In terms of aesthetic properties, the tab is much superior to the seal. It looks like part of a molar tooth - it has the same grooves and grooves, the same shape and color. Manufacturing is a long painstaking manual work, as a result of which the inlay is ideally located in the prepared tooth cavity.

In the photo: a tab in the tooth from zirconium dioxide

Indications and contraindications

The main indication for the installation of inlays is a very severe caries lesion, due to which about 60% of the hard tissues of the tooth are lost. In some cases, caries destroys the tooth so much that after 2-3 times the removal of non-viable tissues, it is no longer possible to put another filling on it. This the best way filling of large dental cavity.

Indications:

• development of a wedge-shaped defect;
• mechanical destruction of the tooth;
• dysplasia of dental tissue, etc.;
• when prosthetics with crowns;
• as an element of support when installing a bridge prosthesis;
• to prevent enamel wear.

Contraindications:

• shallow cavity depth;
• the proximal cavity of the tooth, which goes deep into the dentin;
• increased activity of caries;
• poor oral hygiene;
• bruxism (teeth grinding).

Advantages and disadvantages

pros:

• they are durable and reliable - they do not crack or break;
• resistant to aggressive and coloring substances, does not change its color over time;
• accurately mimics the shape of a tooth;
• in the manufacture, all individual characteristics of the patient's bite are taken into account;
• over time, the tabs on the teeth retain their original appearance;
• do not cause discomfort;
• have excellent aesthetics and give natural teeth;
• reliably protect the nerves and roots from harmful bacteria that cause caries, pulpitis and other diseases, that is, it prolongs the life of natural teeth.

Minuses:

• longer dental treatment compared to the installation of a seal;
• due to the high cost and complexity of manufacturing, they are much more expensive than fillings.

Tab types

1. Ceramic are the most popular - they are very aesthetic and durable enough.
2. Composite materials have high strength, aesthetics, durability and excellent bonding with tooth tissues.
3. The best material is zirconium oxide. It looks great, does not shrink over time, but its cost is much higher than ceramics and composites.
4. Metal ones are usually made under the crown.

Dental inlays are also subdivided into:

• Recovery. Designed to restore the shape and color of the crown.
• Stump (inlay under the crown). Thanks to them, the crown part of the destroyed tooth is restored. Then an artificial crown is installed on such a tab.

What metal is better

The material for the stump tab must be chosen based on many factors, the main of which is which crowns will be made to restore teeth.

• Under metal or metal ceramic crowns made of cobalt-chromium alloy.
• Under ceramic crowns, it is usually made either from a precious alloy (gold-platinum), or the precious alloy is lined with ceramic or zirconium dioxide. The most optimal in terms of its characteristics is an inlay made of gold under the crown.
• From the point of view of biological inertness, a titanium insert is much more preferable, however, brittleness is characteristic of titanium.
• Silver-palladium and silver alloys have bactericidal properties. But after using silver inlays under the crown, pigmentation of the gums surrounding the tooth is sometimes observed.
• Low shrinkage and high hardness have chromium-cobalt and chromium-nickel alloys.

What is the difference between an inlay and a veneer

The manufacturing process of these structures is identical, so many patients often confuse one with the other. In both cases, after treatment, an impression is made, and at the second visit, an inlay or veneer is placed on the tooth.

An inlay is, first of all, a restoration of the shape of a tooth, and a veneer is an aesthetic restoration. They can be made from the same materials - ceramic, composite, etc. Due to the fact that veneers are placed only on the front teeth, it is necessary that their color matches the color of the enamel perfectly. Inlays are typically used on posterior teeth, so their aesthetics are not as important. That is why they are made from any materials, veneers are not made from gold or metal.

Which is better: inlay or crown

Many people are concerned about the question: what restoration method will best restore a destroyed tooth - a crown, an inlay, or a traditional filling. But a decisive choice in favor of a particular method can only be made after a preliminary analysis of the condition of the problematic tooth and its surrounding tissues.

1. In what cases will a ceramic inlay help? In the event that the tooth tissue has been partially preserved, the ideal option would be a ceramic inlay without a crown. It usually allows you to avoid the preparation of a healthy tooth, while the crown is placed on a pulpless tooth.
2. When is a crown needed? The tab will not save teeth with thinned walls, in this case the crown will be much more effective method. A crown will provide a particularly durable and strong restoration, and the tooth under it will not only be sealed, but restored using a stump tab.

Manufacturing methods

The manufacture of tabs on the teeth can be performed in several ways: direct, indirect and computer simulation.

1. With the direct method, an inlay is made after taking an impression of one particular tooth.
2. The indirect method involves taking an impression from both jaws. In this case, the bite of the patient is taken into account. The indirect method is considered more expensive, but at the same time more effective, since the inlay perfectly matches the tooth configuration without causing discomfort to the patient.
3. Thanks to modern equipment, computer modeling can also be used - first, a picture of the affected tooth and both jaws is taken, then a 3-D model is created on the computer, which is recreated by a special robot.

Installation procedure

Installing tabs in the teeth involves several visits to the dentist.

At the first visit, the dentist examines the condition of the teeth, and, if necessary, makes a cast of the oral cavity. Preparations in progress. It takes approximately 1 to 2 weeks to make a permanent structure according to the existing cast, a temporary one is set for this time.

When you visit again, the dentist removes the temporary one and adjusts the inlay made to the size of the tooth - it should fit perfectly to the tooth surface. After the doctor is convinced that it exactly fits in color and size, without disturbing the bite, the fixation process begins.

Under local anesthesia, it is attached to the tooth with cement or special glue, and after a while it is polished.

The service life of dental inlays depends on the material used in their manufacture and averages 8-10 years. With careful oral hygiene and careful handling, their service life, and hence the tooth, will increase.

A crown with a tab fell out: what to do?

The reason for the loss of the crown along with the tab may be a violation of the technique of its fixation. According to the rules, after installing the stump tab, you must wait a day before you can start adjusting it with a drill. If the adjustment is made 10-20 minutes after installation, the vibration of the drill may lead to partial destruction of poorly set cement.

If the crown falls out along with the tab, you must immediately contact the dentist, who will fix the crown on a new one.

What to do if a tooth hurts under the tab

If a tooth hurts after installing the tab, most often the reason for this is increased sensitivity of the teeth. If the pain does not stop for a long time, it is necessary to take an x-ray and visit a dentist.

How to care

• Brushing your teeth and rinsing your mouth with water after eating.
• You should try to avoid heavy loads.

So, tabs on teeth are widely used in aesthetic dentistry independently and in combination with other technologies. This once again proves that this type of microprosthetics is considered one of the most popular methods. orthopedic dentistry. After all, even a very badly damaged tooth with a tab will again not only look aesthetically pleasing, but also work like new.

Inlays for teeth - individual fragments of teeth, replacing only their destroyed part.

Dental inlays are needed when a conventional filling no longer helps, but the teeth can still be saved. With the help of a dental inlay, you can correct the defect of a damaged tooth, giving it its previous shape, and also protect the tooth from further destruction.

With significant damage to the teeth, a titanium insert can strengthen the tab. The tab in the tooth will help with the installation of the crown and will become a reliable support for the bridge.

Dental prosthetics with tabs

Dental prosthetics with tabs is one of the fastest, most effective and cheap ways to restore them.

The dental inlay is fixed on the tooth with a special cement. Then the tab is polished to give it aesthetics.

Dental inlays under the crown are used in cases where the tooth crown is badly damaged, and the root is in good condition. An inlay in the tooth under the crown (stump inlay) allows you to restore the functionality of the tooth and prepare it for prosthetics. The tooth under the tab, before its installation must be prepared.

The pin insert consists of the top of the tooth and the pin(See photo).

Such inlays are practically not used as independent prosthetics, but are the basis for fixing a dental crown or are used as a support for a bridge prosthesis.

V rare cases the upper part of the stump insert can be covered with a facing material to give the design aesthetics.

Advantages of prosthetics with tabs:

• Restoring a tooth with an inlay allows you to save its appearance and function.
• A dental inlay is stronger and more durable than a filling.
• Inlays for teeth are not subject to polymerization and shrinkage.
• Resistant tabs to various dyes.
• With the help of a dental inlay, it is possible to close cavities in the teeth, even large ones.
• Dental inlays allow you to prepare the tooth for the installation of crowns and bridges.
• The ability to prevent the erasure of enamel on the teeth.
• Full compatibility with different types of dentures, thereby increasing the effectiveness of prosthetics.

Types of dental inlays

Types of dental inlays:

• Recovery tabs. With their help, the tooth restores its shape and color.
• Cult tabs. With their use, it is possible to restore the crown part of the tooth.

Dental inlays are made from the best filling materials, which are highly durable and have a wide range of colors. Inlays for teeth can be made of composite synthetic materials, ceramics, glass-based materials (sitalls) and metal alloys.

Some of the materials are the most popular, metals and their alloys, on the contrary, are rarely used. Materials such as porcelain, ceramics, composite materials, glass-ceramics are closer to natural teeth in terms of their aesthetic and physical characteristics.

Kinds recovery tabs

• Metal tabs. They are usually made of gold or alloys. They are not very aesthetic, so they are usually applied to chewing teeth. This type of inlay is more reliable than composite fillings.
• Ceramic inlays. Aesthetically, they are identical to porcelain inlays. Therefore, they are more often used on the front teeth.
• Metal-ceramic inserts. The cost of such inlays is equal to ceramics, but their quality is much worse. They often fall out.
• Composite tab. Their cost is higher than the cost of a filling, and they do not differ in quality from fillings. Over time, composite inlays fade and darken.

Ceramic inlays in the tooth

Ceramic dental inlays are in great demand today due to their high aesthetics, strength, reliability and durability. They don't have any flaws.

Dental ceramic inlays (see photo) are often made of ceramic.

A ceramic inlay in the tooth is necessary in case of its severe destruction, when there is a very large cavity inside the tooth, in which it is impossible to fix the filling.

Indications and contraindications

Indications for the use of dental inlays:

• Large defects in the crowns of the teeth that cannot be filled.
• The destruction of the tooth is more than 30%.
• Increased abrasion of tooth enamel.
• To improve the support of elements of bridge prostheses.

Contraindications to the use of dental inlays:

• Small cavity depth.
• High activity of caries.
• Proximal cavity extending deep into the dentin.
• The presence of steep slopes of the hillocks.
• Grinding of teeth (bruxism).
• Poor oral hygiene.

With the destruction of the back teeth, an insert into the wisdom tooth is not advisable, since it does not have a chewing function. In case of destruction of the wisdom tooth, it would be more correct to remove it.

Pros and cons of dental inlays

Benefits of dental inlays:

• Ceramics in its structure and color almost completely corresponds to tooth enamel. This gives ceramic teeth a natural look.
• Reliability and quality of inlays made of metal and ceramics.
• Modern technologies for manufacturing inlays make it possible to make them so that the size of the tooth defect and the inlay are completely the same. While fillings have the worst performance.
• In the manufacture of inlays, all individual characteristics of the bite are taken into account.
• Inlays are more durable than fillings.

Cons of dental inlays:

• The cost of dental inlays, compared to fillings, is much higher due to the complexity of manufacturing, high cost and quality.
• Longer period of dental treatment than when installing a filling.

Life time

The service life of dental inlays depends on the material used.

Dental inlays made of gold can last more than 15 years, while those made of other metal can last more than 10 years.

The service life of porcelain inlays is shorter and ranges from 5 to 7 years.

With careful handling and meticulous oral hygiene, the life of the inlay and tooth can be extended.

Complications

Preparation of teeth for inlays is a process of excision of the hard tissues of the dental crown in order to give the internal cavity the necessary shape. Since the procedure for dental preparation is similar to surgery, preparing a tooth for an inlay can cause complications such as:

• secondary caries;
• development of acute and chronic pulpitis.

If a tooth hurts after installing a tab , The most common cause is tooth sensitivity. If the tab fell out of the tooth, then this may occur as a result of opening the cavity.

Tab Care

Care of dental inlays should be the same as for the teeth. It involves hygienic cleaning of the teeth, and rinsing the mouth with water after eating.

Tab loads should be avoided.

If you follow the above rules, then the dental inlays will last a sufficient number of years.

Price

How much does a dental inlay cost?
Ceramic tab - from 12,000 to 17,000 rubles

Alloy metal tab - from 3500 rubles

The cost of a dental inlay made of gold depends on the size of the inlay and the weight of the gold.

Video: How to install dental tabs