How to make ventilation in private. Proper ventilation in a private house with your own hands: a diagram and important points

The device of ventilation is an important procedure in the construction of a house. The circulation of fresh air in the premises of the house is necessary to prevent the appearance of dampness and mold, which not only harm the structure itself, but also adversely affect human health.

Varieties of ventilation in a private house

There are three options for air circulation in the premises of the house:

Natural type of ventilation. Air moves from the house to the street. Special channels through which air is directed help to circulate air masses due to pressure.
Forced type of ventilation or supply and exhaust system. It is an auxiliary air exhaust system. Produced using a special design for air exchange.
Mixed type of ventilation. Natural ventilation is used in conjunction with forced ventilation.

Each type of ventilation has its pros and cons. For example, if the area of residence is environmentally friendly enough, then the installation of a forced system is not needed, the residents of the house already have access to clean air. The filters built into the system will only prevent the penetration of the aromas of nature into the house.

By the way, if you need to choose reliable equipment, choose - after all, you buy such equipment for more than one year!

But if the dwelling is located in an area where environment leaves much to be desired, then air filtration must be present in the room without fail. But the installation of ventilation requires careful planning and calculation.

How to make ventilation with your own hands

The most ideal option is to consider ventilation when planning the construction of a house. Supply ventilation should be thought out to the smallest detail.

It is necessary to take into account the main input data of the object:

The location of the house;
The materials from which the house is built;
Environment.

Only considering all of the above, you can make a choice in favor of one or another option.

Natural ventilation is suitable for the following location features:

Clean air in the building area;
The house is built of brick, wood, adobe, foam concrete, ceramic or expanded clay blocks.

If the natural ventilation option is not able to provide normal air circulation, then a mixed type will be a good option. It is also possible to install ventilation in a particular room: kitchen, bathroom, etc.

Basement ventilation helps to ventilate the room, preventing the appearance of mold.

Forced type of ventilation system

A forced exhaust system is installed in cases where:

The house is located in an area whose air must be cleaned of pollution;
During the construction, 3D panels, sandwich and vacuum panels, frame type of the house were used.

Under such circumstances, a forced filtration system is simply necessary to ensure the comfort of the occupants and extend the life of the building.

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in a private house

To properly install ventilation in your home, you need to have some knowledge on this topic.

If the house does not have a natural type hood, or it is not sufficient for a comfortable life for residents, then an additional ventilation system is necessary.

In bathrooms and bathrooms, condensation often appears on the walls, mold fungi and other negative factors. Installing a wall fan will help get rid of these disadvantages.

Of course, the installation of this equipment is impossible without material costs, and the noise from the operation of the ventilation apparatus can bring discomfort to residents.

Note!

The fan can be powered by electricity or in conjunction with the lighting system.

Various types of installation of these systems can be seen in the ventilation photo with your own hands.

The ventilation system must be of high quality so that the supply of fresh air through the ventilation pipes circulates in sufficient quantity for the comfortable existence of residents.

To install correctly ventilation system at home, study all the nuances of installation, read the basic rules and conditions for correct operation equipment. Install in accordance with the scheme you calculated.

DIY ventilation photo of a private house

Note!

A well-organized air exchange system in the house provides:

supply of oxygen;
removal of unpleasant odors;
protection of rooms from fungus, dampness and mold;
optimal sanitary and comfortable living conditions;
nominal operation of boiler equipment;
stable draft of wood-burning fireplaces.

The cost of installation of ventilation systems in a private house

No. p / p	Name of works	Unit measurements	Cost, rub/unit
1	Installation of galvanized steel air ducts	m2	450,00
2	Insulation with self-adhesive material up to 5 mm thick	m2	135,00
3	Insulation with self-adhesive material up to 10 mm thick	m2	150,00
4	Insulation with basalt-based material with a thickness of 25 mm or more	m2	from 350
5	Flexible air ducts up to f254	m.s.	140,00
6	Flexible air ducts f254-f400	m.s.	170,00
7	Flexible air ducts up to f254	m.s.	150,00
8	Flexible air ducts F254-400	m.s.	180,00
9	Diffusers in the ceiling type "Armstrong"	PC.	500,00
10	Diffusers in plasterboard ceiling	PC.	550,00
11	Lattices 4APN 600x600 armstrong + adapter	PC.	850,00
12	Lattices 4APN 600x600 gypsum + adapter	PC.	950,00
13	Grates of other types	PC.	from 500
14	Throttle valve P<800	PC.	400-700
15	Throttle valve 800	PC.	800-1450
16	Throttle valve Р>2000	PC.	from 1800
17	DU valve, PD	PC.	from 1200
18	Duct fan	m3	2.5*L, m3/h
19	General industrial radial fan	PC.	from 6000
20	General industrial roof fan	PC.	from 5000
21	Central frame-panel, monoblock supply, supply and exhaust, exhaust units	installation	from 10% of the installation cost
22	Silencer plate	PC.	from 1200
23	Water or electric heater	PC.	from 1500
24	Freon or water cooler	PC.	from 2000
25	Plate recuperator	PC.	from 4800
26	Rotary recuperator	PC.	from 6000
27	Glycol recuperator	PC.	from 8000
28	Duct air filter with filter material	set	from 800
29	Filtration units and installations	set	depending on composition and type
30	Adiabatic Humidification Section	PC.	from 6000
31	Water heater/cooler piping assembly	set	6000,00
32	Water heater/cooler piping assembly	set	from 25 000
33	Installation of the steam generator complete with steam distribution pipe, steam pipe, sensors	set	from 14000
34	Installation of automation (automation panel, sensors, switching)	set	from 20000
35	Laying wire in the corrugation	m.p.	from 80
36	Galvanized electric tray gasket for automation system	m.p.	350,00
37	Start-up and adjustment works, Certification of ventilation systems, Executive documentation	conv.	5-15% of the estimated cost of the Object by section

All prices indicated below are basic for the Objects located in Moscow and Moscow Region.

The cost of the work does not include rigging.

The cost of work does not take into account increasing coefficients for work on weekends and holidays, as well as night work.

Prices for other types of work are subject to additional agreement.

A flexible system of discounts is provided depending on the scope of work.

The ventilation system in a private house is of three types:

Natural (gravitational). In this option, ventilation is carried out due to the influx of fresh air by infiltration through leaks in window and door openings, special valves or simply open openings, and air is removed (exhaust) through natural ventilation ducts of building design.
Mechanical (forced). In this case, various exhaust and supply units are used, which allow pre-treatment and movement of air over considerable distances, and also serve a large number of rooms in the house at the same time.
Combined. Such systems combine natural and mechanical ventilation.

Features of the arrangement and the principle of operation of natural ventilation of a country house

The principle of operation of natural ventilation is based on the occurrence of a lifting force in the ventilation shaft due to the difference in temperature inside and outside the room, as well as the difference in pressure.

How it works?

The temperature in the house is higher than outside, so the air in the rooms has a lower density, due to which there is a lifting force, it rises through the ventilation duct and goes outside. At the same time, a vacuum occurs in the room, which helps to draw in fresh air from the street through leaks in window and door openings, special valves or simply open openings. The air entering from the street has a higher density and lower temperature, due to which it is located below, and under its influence, light and warm air is forced out of the rooms.

The wind accelerates the air flow, and with an increase in the difference in wind speed and temperature outside and inside the house, the draft improves, as a result, the supply of fresh air to the house increases. If earlier its places of entry were leaks in doors and windows, then modern window and door systems are practically airtight, therefore, in order to organize natural air exchange in a house, it is necessary either to equip special valves (air infiltration valve) that are mounted in the walls and windows of the building, or slightly open windows.

Natural ventilation in the house has the following advantages:

Quiet operation.
No accidents. This ventilation does not depend on the power supply and does not require regular maintenance.
Profitability. The movement of air masses is carried out without the use of additional equipment.
Possibility of combination with air conditioning systems.

Disadvantages of natural ventilation at home:

The dependence of draft on the air temperature inside and outside the room. In the summer, natural traction is practically ineffective.
It is required to comply with the rules for the organization of ventilation shafts.
Extraneous noise from the street when windows are opened.
Ingress of untreated fresh air into the room (dust, etc.).
The volume of air removed through the ventilation duct is negligible.

Features and types of forced ventilation

Mechanical ventilation (or, as it is also called, forced ventilation) is an “artificial” system in which air is exchanged through the use of mechanical equipment - fans. It is used in private homes where natural ventilation is not effective or not provided for in the construction design at all, there is a swimming pool, a built-in garage, or there are increased requirements for the microclimate.

The advantages of this type of ventilation:

stable operation regardless of weather conditions;
the possibility of preparing the supplied air to the room: filtration, disinfection, heating, cooling, humidification;
ensuring stable draft of wood-burning fireplaces;
the ability to maintain the required temperature and humidity in the house;
removal of excess moisture in "wet" rooms - bathtubs, showers, pools.

Mechanical ventilation in the house is of two types:

without heat recovery;
with heat recovery, when the thermal energy of the exhaust air is used.

The second type of ventilation is the most modern and energy efficient. However, it is also the most expensive of all types.

Forced ventilation

Supply ventilation in a private house can be organized in natural (through open door and window openings) and mechanical (using air handling units) methods.

Supply mechanical ventilation consists of a direct supply unit, a network of air ducts (if necessary), through which air is distributed throughout the premises, and air distribution devices (grilles, diffusers) through which air is supplied to the premises. The composition of the supply unit includes (depending on configuration):

valve with outside air drive;
filtration section (there may be several of them in one installation);
heating and cooling section;
fan section;
humidification section;
noise reduction section.

Supply ventilation systems may vary:

type:
- channel, in which air exchange is carried out through channels and air ducts;
- channelless, where the flow is supplied directly to the premises through holes in the walls.

according to the method of equipment device:
- monoblock - all components are assembled in one compact case;
- type-setting - consist of separate devices that are interconnected.

Supply ventilation units have the following advantages:

the ability to control the volume, temperature and humidity of the supplied air;
the possibility of filtering and disinfecting air to the required "purity";
the ability to move prepared air over long distances to all rooms of the house.

Exhaust ventilation

Exhaust ventilation in a private house is organized by natural, mechanical (with the help of fans) or both at the same time. When using a mechanical exhaust system, clean air enters the rooms through doors, windows, special valves, grilles, and the exhaust is removed outside through exhaust fans.

Mechanical exhaust ventilation can consist of only one fan, or a network of air ducts through which air moves, as well as air inlets (grilles, diffusers) through which air is removed from the premises.

The exhaust unit includes (depending on configuration):

valve with outside air drive or check valve;
fan section;
noise reduction section.

Wall mounted household exhaust fans are also used.

Benefits of mechanical exhaust ventilation:

performance does not depend on weather conditions;
the ability to move air over long distances;
the ability to control performance from 0 to 100%.

Ventilation by means of supply and exhaust systems

Modern supply and exhaust ventilation systems at home combine two functions at once - providing air supply and removing air. In such systems, air is supplied and removed through air ducts. Air-distributing and air-receiving devices - grilles and diffusers are placed directly in the premises.

The most common monoblock air handling units. They are small in size and have a low noise level. As a rule, such installations have a built-in automation system and remote wall-mounted control panels, which are small in size and can be placed in any convenient place. The model range and equipment of air handling units for a private house are different and allow satisfying the desires of the most demanding customers.

The main elements of supply and exhaust ventilation systems are:

Grille or diffuser indoors. These are the final elements of the system, designed for proper air distribution.
air ducts. They are designed to supply and remove air. Air ducts form highways from fittings and pipes, they differ in cross-sectional area, shape (rectangular, round) and the material from which they are made.
External air intake and exhaust grilles. Through these elements, air from the street enters the supply duct or is removed outside. They are aimed at protecting the system from rodents, birds, foreign objects and precipitation.
Air valve. This is an element of the ventilation unit that prevents air from entering the system while it is in the off mode. It can be equipped with electric heating, which prevents the doors from freezing.
Filters. The use of filters is aimed at protecting the ventilated premises and the system itself from dust, various insects and other small objects. There are filters with several cleaning classes. Regular cleaning and replacement of filters is recommended.
Heater. The device heats the air supplied to the house. It can be both electric and water.
cooler. The device cools the air supplied to the house. It can be freon or water.
Fan. It provides the necessary pressure for supplying and removing air in the system, as well as the required air flow. The fan can be mounted directly in the unit casing, in an air duct, on a special support or on the roof of a building. Fans are available in standard and soundproof versions.
Humidifier. The device provides the set air humidity. There are adiabatic, isothermal and ultrasonic humidifiers.
Silencers. These elements prevent the propagation of sounds from operating appliances through the duct system. When air enters them, it passes through special barriers, as a result of which its intensity decreases.
Control system. It can be automatic (operation is controlled by a remote control) or mechanical (switch). Its main elements are the control unit, primary measuring instruments and actuators.

An improved air handling unit is called a recuperation system. It provides effective air exchange in the house without loss of heat and cold. This design is equipped with a heat exchanger, which reduces the cost of heating, cooling and humidifying the air supplied to the premises due to the use (utilization) of heat, cold and humidity of the removed air.

Ventilation of the premises of the house with gas equipment

If there is gas equipment in your country house, then increased requirements must be imposed on the creation of air circulation in the rooms. Traction disturbance can cause poisoning by combustion products. When released into the room, combustion products can cause a deterioration in well-being up to loss of consciousness of a person or a complete cessation of breathing. For this reason, the air circulation in a room with a heating device that runs on natural gas must be organized in accordance with the following technical requirements:

Combustion products must enter the chimney from different levels (from a distance of more than 50 cm). With a single-level feed, a cut of the same height is installed in the channel.
There are no more than two gas appliances per chimney.
The ventilation system must be sealed to prevent carbon monoxide or soot from leaking into rooms. The processing of seams and joints is carried out using a material that is resistant to high temperatures.
Elements of the air exchange system must be thermally insulated to prevent fire.
An air supply must be provided for normal combustion and removal of combustion products.

Benefits of cooperation with LLC "OVeCon-Engineering"

LLC "OVeCon-Engineering" has been developing and installing climate control equipment for more than 11 years. The specialists of our company are competent and qualified professionals who provide ventilation installation services in a private house based on all modern technological and ergonomic requirements. We use only high-quality professional equipment that helps us solve problems of any complexity.

We offer you a comprehensive installation of ventilation systems to improve the microclimate, which includes:

selection of equipment and all necessary materials;
dismantling and installation of ventilation systems;
service technical warranty and post-warranty maintenance;
disinfection and cleaning of ventilation systems.

We are chosen because we have the following advantages:

Work experience. Implementation of activities in the professional climate market since 2005.
Innovation. Use of modern developments in the field of energy efficiency and alternative energy sources.
Technical equipment. The use of advanced CAD tools, imported equipment and tools, thanks to which high quality is achieved in the shortest possible time.
Production . Own production and warehouse base.
Guarantee. Performance of work on the basis of certificates of membership in self-regulatory organizations.
Extensive geography. We work in all regions of Russia.
Together from A to Z. We provide comprehensive services for the installation of ventilation: from design to maintenance.

LLC "OVeCon-Engineering" maintains a long-term and successful partnership with many trusted suppliers and manufacturers of climate equipment, and also has its own production facilities for the manufacture of air ducts, fittings and network elements. That is why the installation of ventilation in a private house is carried out by the specialists of our company in the shortest possible time, at affordable prices and always with high quality.

The importance of air exchange in living quarters leaves no doubt. High-quality ventilation is the key to maintaining family health. But the requirements for ventilation are not only in relation to humans. Its task, as one of the main engineering systems, while maintaining a normal microclimate, does not allow the gradual destruction of the structural elements of the structure. Mold, high humidity, “weeping” windows, fumes adversely affect not only human health, but also things and objects in the house.

Features of ventilation in a private house

The ventilation system of modern private housing construction faces completely different tasks than in houses built at the end of the last century. So, for example, amenities were "in the yard", cooking - in the summer kitchen, cellar and garage - separate premises, linen was dried on the street. The house itself is one-story, its footage ranged from 60-100 square meters. m, with a shallow foundation. Brick, cement, sand, clay, wood and slate were used for construction. The houses were heated mainly with a stove. The chimney replaced the hood. Wooden window frames and doors naturally contributed to the flow of air.

Factors that prevent proper ventilation in private houses of modern construction:

The houses are a comfortable residential complex in which the living area is adjacent to the kitchen, sanitary rooms, sometimes a swimming pool, a gym, often a garage (a source of toxic substances).
The stoves are gone, and with them the main ventilation duct.
Drying clothes in the house led to intense fumes.
Hermetic structures and materials are used: metal-plastic windows, doors with seals, mounting foam, sealants, adhesives, external and internal finishing materials.
Rejection of the unheated attic space in favor of the attic floor.
The shape of the roof without a ridge is flat.
Deepening the foundation to the depth of soil freezing, which increased the accumulation of harmful radon gas in the structures of the house.
The increase in the number of storeys led to a violation of the proper air circulation.

Considering all these factors, proper ventilation should minimize their negative impact. For each country house, its own system is built, correlated with the desires of the consumer, his financial capabilities.

Types of ventilation systems

Ventilation schemes in a private house have three arrangement options:

Natural - fresh air flows into the room through cracks, windows, doors. Saturated with carbon dioxide - they exit through the ventilation openings in the sanitary rooms (toilet, bathroom) and in the kitchen.
Forced - all air exchange processes are performed by specialized equipment.
Mixed - one of the natural directions of air (inflow or intake) is replaced by a mechanical one.

Natural ventilation is based on the difference in temperature and pressure between outdoors and indoors. Hence the disadvantage - stable operation is possible in the cold season and when the temperature inside the building is higher than outside. In addition, for its operation, air must constantly and freely flow in and out.

Forced ventilation in a private house is divided into: typesetting, consisting of separate components and monoblock, in which all elements are structurally assembled into one block. The disadvantages are the high price, the complexity of installation, for typesetting - the need for calculations, bulkiness.

Equipment for ventilation in a private house is different for each type. So, natural ventilation is equipped only with ventilation boxes and pipes.

For forced ventilation apply:

fans;
filters;
ionizers;
electric air heaters;
dryers;
recuperators.

Supply ventilation in the house is induced by such devices:

wall valve;
infiltration valve;
supply installation.

To operate the exhaust fan, fans with different design solutions are mainly used - axial, duct. Often, with their help, it is possible to solve the problem of "sluggish" intake of moist and exhaust air in the bathroom and toilet rooms.

Do-it-yourself ventilation device in a private house

Step #1 Calculations

To find out the power of the system, a parameter such as air exchange is calculated. It is calculated for each room separately according to the formula:

V - the volume of the room (cubic meters), is calculated by multiplying the width, length and height of the room;

K - approved by SNiP 41-01-2003 norms for the minimum air exchange in the premises (cubic m / h). For residential areas - 30, separate sanitary rooms - 25, combined - 50, kitchens - 60-90.

Also, in the calculations of the ventilation system of a private house, other indicators are taken into account:

The number of people permanently in the house. One requires 30 cubic meters. m/h of air.
The thickness of the walls of the premises.
Number of household and computer equipment.
Glazing area.
The location of the building relative to the cardinal points.
The presence (absence) of the prevailing wind in the area.
The presence in the building of the pool. For him, it is recommended to carry out a separate system.

Step #2 Natural Ventilation: Improving Parameters

Natural ventilation in a private house does not always cope with its task of maintaining the specified temperature and humidity parameters. Then, it is desirable to “finish” the system.

Window inlet valves will help with this. They will not depressurize the window, but will create an influx of fresh air. Their installation is elementary, following the instructions, even a completely ignorant person can handle it. The principle is that an elongated device (350 mm) is mounted on the upper part of the sash. From this place, a regular seal is cut off and installed from the delivery set (narrower).

A few more devices that improve air circulation. In order not to block the flow of air, ventilation grilles are installed on all interior doors. It is impossible to “block” with a window sill that is too wide the process of mixing the cold air of the window and the warm radiator.

If during the construction of the house a natural ventilation system is designed, then the following nuances should be taken into account: the house should not have rooms without windows; a guarantee of good ventilation - the windows overlook all sides of the building (deaf walls are excluded).

Important! Natural ventilation is not suitable for large houses. With the correct arrangement of structural elements, the heating system - it is ideal for one-story houses.

Step number 3 Supply and exhaust ventilation systems

The supply ventilation device in a private house is solved using a wall ventilator. It is a telescopic or flexible pipe, on one side (outer) of which there is a decorative grill with a mosquito net (from midges and mosquitoes), on the other (inner) - a fan, a filter.

Supply ventilation in a private house, mounted in the wall in this way:

Using the appropriate equipment, a hole of the required diameter is punched.
A pipe with a heater is inserted into it.
The device itself is mounted on the adhesive solution, consisting of a fan, a filter, some models are equipped with an ionizer.
Connection to the electrical network.
From the side of the street, a decorative cover is installed that protects against rain and snow from getting inside, from the inside - a decorative grille.

Important! Since the supply of fresh air will increase significantly with the help of forced ventilation, make sure that its intake is timely and in the required volumes, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided. In this regard, you should not install in the bedroom or children's room. Optimal - kitchen, dining room.

The exhaust ventilation scheme in a private house, with a good natural inflow, may consist of fans mounted in the sanitary rooms, in the kitchen. The wall exhaust fan in the kitchen is installed similarly to the supply fan. In the sanitary room, either axial or channel is mounted in the ventilation duct.

The hood in the kitchen above the stove will also be an additional exhaust duct. If the exhaust ventilation works more intensively than the supply, then the house will suffocate.

Step number 4 Do-it-yourself ventilation in a private house scheme

The most optimal ventilation option for a private house is supply and exhaust with mechanical stimulation. Two types of its designs are used: type-setting and monoblock.

The ventilation scheme in a private house of a monoblock system looks something like this:

air from the street, through the supply air duct, enters the heat exchanger;
it is cleared of harmful impurities of the atmosphere;
heated to the required temperature;
further, through the air duct, it enters all the premises of the house;
exhaust air through the exhaust pipeline enters the heat exchanger;
gives off its heat to the incoming cold air;
from the heat exchanger, through the exhaust pipe - to the atmosphere.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in a private house: some features

Delivery of air flows to all rooms and their removal into the atmosphere is carried out by an air duct network. Its components: air ducts, adapters, turns, tees. Characteristic features: cross-sectional area; form; rigidity (rigid, flexible, semi-flexible). The flow rate must be adjusted. If the allowable values are exceeded, a strong noise is created. The material for the manufacture of the air duct network is galvanized steel or plastic.

Insulating material is selected at will, but not less than 10 mm thick. The inflow pipe from the outer grille to the heating section (recuperator) is subjected to insulation, the hood is in the attic. Thermostats, hydrostats, pressure sensors are used as sensors.

For proper operation of external ventilation in a private house, you must comply with the requirements. Firstly, the part of the exhaust pipe passing through the cold attic must be insulated. Insulation is chosen not to allow moisture to pass through. Secondly, the outgoing pipe should be 0.5 m above the level of the ridge. Thirdly, it is advisable to mount a deflector at the end of the pipe. It will improve the operation of the entire system by 15-20% by drawing in exhaust air and passing it through special openings. In addition, it will protect the pipe from snow, rain, birds, debris, and in winter from freezing.

If you decide to make ventilation with your own hands, remember that air ducts, ducts and other elements of the system should not be conspicuous. If the system is mounted after finishing work, then it will be almost impossible to hide them. Therefore, ventilation must be invested in design work. Installation of the system requires the conduct of commissioning.

When building your own home, everything needs to be thought out at the design stage. It depends on how deeply and correctly the communications in the house, including ventilation, are thought out, how comfortable the inhabitants will feel in it. If the moment of designing ventilation in the house is missed, then you can do this work after. But there will be no guarantee that it will turn out exactly what you want. Yes, and doing alterations is a rather troublesome and costly task. If the ventilation system of the dwelling is provided even in the process of laying it, then it will be really easy and comfortable to breathe in it, and most importantly - to breathe environmentally friendly air. How to make ventilation in a private house? There are several options to choose from:

the most common natural ventilation;
progressive-exhaust, in other words, forced ventilation;
combination of two types of ventilation (mixed type).

You can choose the ventilation system depending on the natural and environmental conditions. If around the forest, lake and air is unspeakably fresh, then, of course, there is nothing to think about, natural ventilation is installed. If the site for the house is located near some enterprises and its environmental friendliness is in great doubt, then, of course, we install forced ventilation with the arrangement of filters. A good owner, starting any work, advocates primarily for an economical, but high-quality result. Let's look at the factors that affect this result. In order to ensure effective ventilation, you should pay attention to:

cleanliness of the surrounding air;
building material used to build a home.

Houses built from the following materials are suitable for the installation of natural exhaust: timber, brick, adobe, gas block, foam block and expanded clay block. Forced ventilation should be planned for houses made of sandwich panels, frame models and expanded polystyrene concrete.

What is air circulation

Air circulation consists of:

air inflow - air entering through open windows and doors;
air flow - air moves through the dwelling;
air extraction - air outlet through the ventilation openings.

In order for unhindered air circulation to occur, it is necessary to properly mount the doors and windows of the dwelling. Doors should contain a small grill, or installation should be done so that there is a gap of about two centimeters at the bottom. Without such holes, air circulation will not occur. The room for the air exhaust device is usually chosen the most unclaimed.

Characteristics of types of ventilation

To fully determine the choice of the type of ventilation, consider what their essence is:

natural ventilation

Natural ventilation can be different, the similarity is in one thing - it happens in a natural way.

Infiltration. This process of air ventilation occurs as a result of air entering through the non-hermetic parts of windows and doors. When using wooden doors that have a high air throughput (10-20 kg/hour per square meter). This type of natural ventilation is quite suitable for a house with an area of 100 m 2 to 140 m 2.
Airing. Such a process consists in the independent entry of air into the windows and doorways. But its disadvantage lies in the fact that heat is lost during the ventilation process. The time of complete filling of the dwelling with fresh air is from 30 minutes to 1.5 hours, taking into account the area of the dwelling. If airing is carried out in winter, then during the ventilation period the window frame and adjacent parts of the room are cooled. As a result of this cooling, fogging and condensation occur. If you ventilate by opening the windows to the full, then the circulation of fresh air occurs in 8 minutes. And if you also open the door, then in 4 minutes.
Important! But do not forget about drafts, they are very dangerous to health.
Ventilation process with exhaust valves for windows and walls. When replacing wooden windows with metal-plastic, the ingress of air into the room completely stops. Given this fact, it is best to look at the windows that will have ventilation holes. If the windows did not work out, then you can make a ventilation hole in the wall. It is a pipe with a diametrical section of 100 mm, which is mounted through the wall. Outside and inside closed with a special mesh.

Important! It is best to mount such ventilation holes immediately behind the battery so that the incoming air has time to warm up.

Forced ventilation

When wall valves do not cope with the ventilation process, they install a forced ventilation system. This system includes ventilation equipment: filters, air valves, fan, devices for heating air and absorbing noise. It is also necessary to stock up on air ducts and various items that help in the distribution of air: grilles, diffusers. Don't forget about the air intake grille.

Exhaust ventilation

For the installation of exhaust air purification, special channels are designed. Usually they are made of brick, so you should first think carefully about the scheme. Sometimes such a system is mounted in the form of additional shafts. They run along the walls of the house. So, exhaust ventilation can be performed in the following options:

build ventilation shafts in the wall;
make exhaust ducts in the manner of shafts adjacent to the wall;
install ventilation shafts in the form of hanging boxes;
bring exhaust shafts to the roof.

Exhaust ventilation can be natural and mechanical. Natural type hoods are arranged if the intake of clean air is small. In this case, the exit from the ventilation shafts is closed with a conventional grate. Otherwise, equip the hood of a mechanical type. For this, special ventilation devices are installed at the exits of the ventilation shafts. They are of different types. Their wide range allows you to choose a fan for every taste.

What are air ducts

When installing various types of ventilation hoods, appropriate air ducts are used. Most often these are air ducts with a round diametrical section. Since the inside of such outlets is ideally smooth, the air passes through it without encountering much resistance.

If rectangular ducts are used, then the resistance is higher, but it is easier to install. Often, ventilation hood shafts have certain bends, then it is better to use flexible ducts. They are used if it is necessary to connect two parts of the ducts.

At the junctions, the air resistance is much higher than at other places. Therefore, you should try to make such connections to a minimum.

Ventilation hoods with recuperation

The recuperation process is the heating of the incoming air flows by the air at the ventilation outlet. In other words, the opposite flows exchange heat. This operation allows you to significantly save on heating outdoor air. But in cold weather, the heat of the output stream is not enough to heat the incoming stream, then you have to use a heater. With such a ventilation system, the exhaust can only be forced. For installation of a system with recuperation, a separate place should be allocated, for example, in the basement.

Ventilation Planning Steps

Whatever the house, and the type of ventilation, when planning installation, certain rules should be followed:

First you need to correctly calculate the volume of air exchange. This is the determination of the amount of incoming air that meets all sanitary and environmental standards.
Calculation of the dimensions of the duct section.
The right choice of type of ventilation hood. To do this, you should take into account all the features discussed above.
Introduction of a plan-scheme of exhaust ducts into the project of a private house. If the circuit is drawn up correctly, then it will fully ensure good work.
Determination of a place in the house for the installation of a ventilation system.
Choosing a place for air intake and its exit.
Direct mounting of the ventilation system.

Calculate ventilation correctly

When calculating ventilation, attention should be paid to the main factors:

How many people will live in the house.
Directly the size of the house.
How much air can fit in the rooms of the house.

Be sure to take into account the work of technical appliances, electricity, hob. All this absorbs oxygen. We also pay attention to which rooms require the cleanest air. Various methods can be used for these calculations. Some of them require the presence of professionals to compile tables and charts. You can refer to building codes, SNiPAs, GOSTs, etc. In everyday construction, calculations are most often performed on the value of the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, sanitary standards and multiplicity.

The easiest way is to calculate taking into account the area. This method is used for the size of air exchange in a dwelling. According to the standards, three cubic meters should be supplied per square meter per hour of incoming air. The calculation process takes place according to the formula: you should multiply the area of \u200b\u200bthe house by the amount of air according to the norm.
We calculate using the air exchange rate. This calculation is a little more complicated and uses several indicators. Usually this calculation is performed with the help of a specialist. The multiplicity is a value that shows how many times in one hour a complete replacement of air occurs. The standards for this value vary for certain types of premises.
Calculation taking into account sanitary standards. In this case, the calculations are carried out taking into account the norm of the amount of air per person living in the room. For each room, the norms are different (for the bedroom, for the kitchen, for the dining room, etc.). As a result, all data norms are added up and get the total volume of air intake.

We install the exhaust system in the house

We begin installation with the main ventilation shaft. The best place to place it is the wall that runs through the center of the house. With this placement, it is easier to attach pipes that act as an air duct from each living room of the house. When planning and installing hoods, horizontal bends should be made as little as possible, as this weakens the draft. As a result, ventilation efficiency is significantly reduced. All branches are eventually connected to a common pipe, which provides an outlet for air. Usually it is located on the roof.

We provide typical dimensions of the hood:

The rectangular section of the exhaust shaft in the wall is 13 × 13 cm.
The width of the wall that contains the exhaust shaft is 38 cm.
The exhaust shaft for a heating boiler or fireplace is 13 × 26 cm.
The diameter section of the pipes used for ventilation is 10-12 cm.
The exhaust pipe on the roof must be higher than the level of the ridge, and the thickness of its walls must be at least two and a half bricks.

If the wall is made thinner, then the air at the outlet will cool very quickly and return back. And if there is not enough height, then the traction process will be disrupted.

In addition, be sure to take care of the air flow. If doors and windows are tightly closed and air flow cannot be carried out, then the ventilation system will not be able to work effectively. Therefore, you should take care that there is a gap of about two centimeters wide between the doors and the floor.

So, to ensure the proper operation of the ventilation system, many nuances should be taken into account and special attention should be paid to its layout. Only in this case it is possible to ensure fresh air in the house and comfortable living in it.

Ventilation is a mandatory requirement, legalized and approved by the government of our country. According to the norms and rules applicable to the ventilation device in industrial and residential buildings, it is unacceptable to use their own innovations and technological schemes for the installation and installation of ventilation. So the legislative body of Russia controls the procedure for the production of work during the installation of ventilation devices. But unlike the norms that are mandatory for industrial and manufacturing enterprises, ventilation in a private house often remains uncontrolled. .

Ordinary citizens involved in the construction of country houses neglect many requirements, complaining about the high cost. This is fundamentally the wrong approach. People save on their health and the safety of their children. No savings, even the largest, justifies the costs and troubles that can happen with an improperly installed or incorrectly calculated ventilation system.

When deciding to independently install air supply and exhaust systems, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the current standards. They are designed to ensure safety and comfortable living in all possible respects. Properly installed and adjusted ventilation in a private house will guarantee health for many years.

Ventilation in a private house: varieties and principle of operation

There are two types of system ventilation in the house:

natural;
forced.

Natural ventilation in a private house is:

channel - carried out by the circulation of oxygen through the air ducts;
channelless - circulation occurs due to leaks in window frames, doors, or their arrangement with special valves.

Forced ventilation system can be:

combined;
general exchange;
with recirculation device.

About each option in order.

TO combined include devices that include both elements of natural extraction, and mechanical. For example, an exhaust hood in a private house is additionally equipped with axial fans, and the inflow occurs naturally due to window frames.

General exchange installation is an expensive device. Therefore, this type of ventilation of a country house justifies itself in the case of large premises of the building and the requirements of the environment for preliminary cleaning of the air sucked in from the atmosphere.

This may be due to the proximity to the highway, chemical and cement industries.

Thanks to cleaning filters, air ionizers and a powerful engine, oxygen enters the room clean and fresh, regardless of polluting environmental factors. Exhaust and heated air is removed through the use of exhaust ducts equipped with mechanical fans, or due to the occurrence of negative pressure in the main unit with a powerful electric motor.

The use of ventilation in your home using recycling justified in the case of very large areas, swimming pools and sports halls. Such a system is needed mainly in the cold season.

The swimming pool with the gym should be well ventilated, and due to the large area of \u200b\u200bthese premises, the air is cooled. In this regard, there is a need for a recirculation system that allows the use of exhausted warm air to heat the newly supplied air.

Such a complex project costs decent money, but without it, the proper functioning of large rooms is impossible.

In addition to recirculation, it is possible to install a heating element in the duct inflow. This option will save money if the use of the pool or gym occurs infrequently. With frequent water procedures and sports activities, the cost of electricity (and a lot of electricity is spent on heating) will soon exceed the savings from this solution. The choice should be made according to needs.

Principles of ventilation planning in a private house

Drafting ventilation schemes in a private house you need to start together with the scheme of the general house plan.

When creating a typical project for the location of sources of inflow and outflow, as well as calculating the required section of the pipeline, the given flow rate, the following standards should be followed.

Drawing up a scheme - SNiP 41-01-2003.
The calculation of the air exchange rate is regulated by SNiP 2.04.05, 1991, or SNiP 2.08.01, 1989.

After designing duct schemes, it is necessary to produce air flow calculation. It can be done in several ways:

by the area of the interior rooms of the cottage;
according to sanitary standards established by the normal needs of an individual currently in the room;
calculation by the multiplicity of a complete change of oxygen in the room.

The most obvious method is the first method of calculation ventilation systems for a private house. Following it, the rate of fresh air inflow is set, equal to three cubic meters per hour per 1 square meter of living space. For example, for a bedroom of 17 sq.m. the need for air exchange is: 17 * 3 = 51 m3 / h.

Based on the needs of each room and the total size of the entire living space, the size of the air duct section is selected. As well as air exchange, the cross-sectional area is regulated by SNiPs, and depends on the maximum allowable speed of movement of air masses through the pipe. For a natural type hood, the flow rate does not exceed 1 m / s, and for a mechanical one - up to 5.

The noise level in the house depends on the speed indicator. For children, this plays an important role, especially in inclement windy weather at night.

House ventilation installation

With knowledge of the issue and the presence of some skill, you can independently produce installation of ventilation in a private house. You should rely on your own strength only with a natural-type hood. When installing forced exhaust, and even more so with recirculation, you need to contact a specialist.

Manufacturers or organizations involved in the installation of complex systems of exhaust equipment will not allow you to independently install for safety reasons, as well as for warranty reasons. .

Checking the efficiency of the ventilation system at home

When calling specialized installation companies, the verification of the work will fall on their shoulders. If the house is equipped with natural ventilation of the room, then you can independently check the normal operation of the exhaust ducts in the house. To do this, bring a thin sheet of paper. When the leaf moves, it will become clear whether there is draft in the duct.

With regard to the bathroom and kitchen, in addition to the method described above, you can check the effectiveness of the system by the presence of excess moisture or odors after cooking.

When installing, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of operation of the hood when the engine of the device is turned off.

Depending on the choice of an electric or gas stove, the installation standards for height from the surface of the hob to the umbrella panel are standardized by SNiPs (for a gas stove, the distance is greater than for an electric stove).