How to make ventilation in private. How to make ventilation in a private house

Ventilation in a private house is needed. How to conduct it competently in residential and utility rooms, in the basement, on the roof? Which system to choose and how to calculate the ventilation of a private house? After reading this article, you can solve the problem of ventilation of a private house with your own hands.

The principle of operation and types of traction

The most popular among owners of country private houses is still the principle of ventilation, based on natural draft. The operation of the system is based on physical laws: warm and moist air rushes up, cold air enters in its place. The owners of a private house only need to install ventilation openings for the outflow and inflow of air. The ventilation of septic tanks in private houses, sheds and cellars works on the same principle.

The massive use of natural ventilation is explained by its affordability and simplicity. However, the other side of the coin is the instability of work. Therefore, for residential premises there is a more modern solution based on the use of mechanisms:

mechanical exhaust ventilation, the principle of operation of ventilation in a private house, in which the exhaust air is removed to the street using a fan. Fresh air is sucked in through specially equipped supply devices, open windows or slots in the building envelope;
mechanical supply ventilation, in which filtered air of the desired temperature is forcibly supplied to the house. Excessive pressure is created, under the influence of which the exhaust air is forced out through the exhaust ducts to the street;
mechanical supply and exhaust system. Fully calculated ventilation of a private house with automated air exchange.

In private houses of a large area, it is advisable to organize a centralized ventilation system, in which all equipment is concentrated at a single point, and air channels diverge throughout the house.

natural ventilation

The easiest way is to organize the natural ventilation of a private house with your own hands. From each ventilated room, a vertical exhaust duct is laid, which ends above the highest point of the roof of a private house. Usually exhaust channels are installed:

in the kitchen and bathroom, where the release of moisture, heat and odors is maximum;
enclosed spaces: pantries, dressing rooms, laundries, if they communicate with living quarters. If the doors open into the kitchen or corridor, a supply valve is mounted in the wall;
the boiler room is equipped with a ventilation duct and a supply valve;
in rooms separated from the nearest exhaust duct by 3 or more doors;
starting from the second floor, if the stairs are separated by doors, the ventilation ducts are pulled from the corridor or all the rooms listed earlier. If the stairs are not separated by doors, inflow valves and ventilation ducts are equipped in each room.

According to the rules, it is necessary to arrange ventilation under the floor of a private house made of wood and a plinth, removing radon gas hazardous to health through additional channels. Ventilation under the floor is certainly necessary for wooden private houses, this will extend the life of the floorboards and prevent them from rotting. It is useless to install exhaust ventilation ducts from the attic rooms of a private house, since a small height difference will not be able to provide traction.

The flow of fresh air, on the contrary, must be organized in living rooms. Best way- installation of a supply device (valve). The intensity of the inflow can be adjusted and the house is not left without fresh air.

If there is no inflow in the house, then the air will not be drawn out! This must be taken into account when organizing natural ventilation in a private house.

According to the rules 55.13330.2011 in private residential buildings, ventilation must provide a single air exchange from living quarters, 60 cubic meters of air per hour from the kitchen and 25 cubic meters from the toilet and bathroom. In auxiliary rooms, the air exchange rate is 0.2 or higher per hour.

Selection of the section of ventilation ducts

The smallest acceptable duct diameter for natural ventilation of a private house made of brick, stone or wood is 150 mm. The cross-sectional area of such a pipe is about 0.016 sq.m. If it is planned to install rectangular or square ducts for the exhaust ventilation system in a private house, the side length must be at least 100 mm. If a height difference of at least 3 meters is provided, such an air duct passes through itself about 30 cubic meters of air per hour. You can improve throughput by increasing one of the values:

length of the vertical exhaust channel;
diameter or cross-sectional area of the duct.

If the length of the vertical section is less than 200 cm, there will be no thrust. When conducting ventilation in a private house, one should take into account the height and shape of the roof, the number of storeys of the house and the presence of an attic.

Vertical exhaust ducts for all rooms on the same floor must be of the same height. As a rule, the diameter and shape of the section are also chosen the same, such a design is easier to assemble.

With a small number of exhaust ducts, it is not advisable to connect horizontal air ducts to one common line, this reduces draft. Blocks are conveniently hidden in load-bearing walls, in special hollow concrete blanks. It is possible to lay ventilation in a private brick house in specially laid out rectangular channels 14x27 cm or square 14x14 cm.

The outer stone block of ventilation ducts is supported on a reinforced concrete slab or foundation. In light frame or wooden houses, the channels are made of plastic or galvanized pipes, which are placed in a single box.

In order to increase the productivity of the channel without changing the height, it is necessary to increase its cross-sectional area. Channels made of different materials have different throughput, the smoother the inner walls, the higher it is, this must be borne in mind when calculating ventilation in a private house.

Height (cm)	Room temperature
Height (cm)	16	20	25	32
200	24,16	34,17	43,56	54,03
400	32,50	45,96	58,59	72,67
600	38,03	53,79	68,56	85,09
800	42,12	59,57	75,93	94,18
1000	45,31	64,06	81,69	101,32

Table 1. The performance of a stone ventilation duct with a cross-sectional area of 204 sq.cm.

sewer ventilation

Ventilation of the sewer riser in a private house will prevent the spread of unpleasant gas accumulating in the pipes. For the removal of gases, they equip in private houses and ventilation of septic tanks.

Rules for installing a sewer ventilation riser in a private house:

the outlet of the exhaust duct for sewer ventilation should be located 1 meter above the roof of a private house, it is not covered by a cap;
if there are several sewer risers in a private house, the ventilation pipes are the same (11 cm (for two or more floors) or 5 cm);
it is forbidden to combine sewer ventilation of a private house and other premises;
from the head of the exhaust pipe to the window should be at least 3.5 meters, from the ground - at least 4 m;
it is not advisable to install the pipe under the roof overhang, as in winter it can be broken by ice.

In sewer drains, fermentation and decay processes are constantly taking place, helping to decompose the contents. These processes are possible only in the presence of oxygen. Therefore, it is necessary to do ventilation cesspool in a private house. Ventilation of the septic tank and sewerage in a private house is stretched with plastic pipes. A special channel is left to exit the pipe during design.

How to arrange sewer ventilation in a private house if the pipe cannot be laid? For this, vacuum valves have been developed - the device is mounted in the house at the outlet of the sewer riser.

The ventilation of the septic tank in a private house is equipped with PVC pipes. A pipe for sewer ventilation in a private house is installed vertically in the roof of a septic tank and is brought out half a meter above the soil level. If the cesspool at a private house has not been waterproofed, it does not require ventilation, since air enters through numerous cracks.

Foundation ventilation

Ventilation of the foundation of a private house is provided by a ventilation system. Vents are holes in the basement of a building, the number and size of which depend on the area and location of the house.

For 2.5 linear meters of the wall, usually 1 air duct is installed with dimensions of 10x15 cm or 25x30 cm. If private house stands in a lowland and is not blown by the winds, the ventilation of the foundation should be strengthened and the number of ventilation should be doubled. To prevent animals from climbing into the underground, the vents are covered with nets or gratings. Before the onset of cold weather, all ventilation of the foundation of a private house is blocked.

Basement ventilation

The heated basement of a private house is ventilated just like any other room. In each compartment of the basement, a natural draft exhaust duct or an inlet valve is installed. If there is a laundry room or a sauna in the basement, an exhaust duct extends from it.

If the basement is not used, it is necessary to place inlet devices and one exhaust channel in the corners. Cold cellars should preferably be equipped with a mechanical exhaust.

The ventilation of the basement floor of a private house is equipped according to the same principle. Many owners are limited only to the product system. But such a floor ventilation scheme is in many cases insufficient; radioactive radon and dampness accumulate in the basement of a private house. Especially often such a picture is typical for winter time, when the vents for ventilation of the basement floor of a private house are tightly closed.

Disadvantages of natural ventilation and ways to eliminate them

Before installing natural ventilation in a private house, consider its disadvantages:

draft depends on the air temperature in the street and in the house, the direction and strength of the wind, humidity;
if the cross-sectional area of the channels is chosen incorrectly, the exhaust ventilation system in a private house will not work;
the system is practically unregulated;
in summer, traction may be completely absent;
in the cold season, the draft increases, taking heat out of the house. In some cases, up to 35% of heat is lost through natural ventilation;
it is necessary to insulate natural ventilation in a private house.

Despite the shortcomings, you can make ventilation with your own hands in a private house quite effective.

It should be understood that the scheme of natural ventilation of private houses that has existed for decades is only able to serve bathrooms and kitchens. Living rooms are ventilated mainly through open windows.

weeping windows - a sign of non-working ventilation

Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to ensure 2 conditions: air flow and unhindered passage of air throughout the house.

To solve the first problem, a wide range of supply valves is available on the market:

window;
wall.

Installing a window inlet valve

Window valves are mounted on the sash; it is enough to simply equip this type of supply ventilation in a private house on your own. You will need the following tool:

screwdriver;
sharp knife;
ruler not shorter than 35 cm.

Work progress:

We cut out a standard seal from the fixed frame in the place where the valve is supposed to be installed.
We install the seal that comes with the valve.
We mark the location of the valve on the flap, it must coincide with the replaced area.
We remove the section of the seal on the flap.
In the resulting gap we mount the valve plugs. They should fit entirely into the slot so that later the valve can be attached to them.
The valve is glued to the double-sided adhesive tape and fixed with self-tapping screws to the mounts.
A seal is inserted between the fasteners.

Now you can check the valve in action. The window inlet valve has several advantages:

easy to install;
during installation, all enclosing structures remain intact and intact;
you can adjust the intensity of the inflow or completely shut it off.

And only one minus: in severe frosts, it can freeze over. But there are branded models, devoid of this drawback. You will have to pay more for them.

Another model of a window valve is a handle valve. A very convenient device, the installation of which will have to be entrusted to a specialist.

Installing a wall inlet valve

The wall valve is also a fairly convenient solution for the natural supply ventilation of a private house. It works without a power source, is equipped with sound insulation and a filter, thanks to the labyrinth shape it reduces the speed of air movement.

However, ease of installation and low price make these devices very popular. When selecting a valve, consideration should be given to the operating temperature range as well as the indoor module dimensions and capacity. As a rule, a valve is installed between the heating radiator and the window sill. So cold air first falls on the battery, warms up and only then enters the room. Therefore, it is important to determine the size of the device. Enough popular place valve placement - in the upper part of the wall near the window.

Necessary tools for installing a fresh air valve in a private house:

perforator with a special nozzle for drilling holes. You can get by with a thick drill, but the process will be more laborious;
sealant;
level;
roulette;
screwdriver;
sharp knife.

The main disadvantage of wall supply valves, which stops many: to install the valve, it is necessary to make a through hole in the wall.

The inlet valve usually consists of an internal module, an air duct and an external grille. The progress of work on the installation of the supply wall device:

Dismantle the valve if it was sold assembled and mark the location of the air duct on the wall.
Drill a hole of the desired diameter (see the instructions for the device). The ventilation pipe should have a slight slope towards the street for a stack of condensate, raindrops.
The air duct is wrapped in thermal insulation (sometimes it is sold already insulated) and inserted into the channel. Outside, the tube should be flush with the wall, in the house we leave about 1 cm of protrusion.
We fix the case inside the house, having previously installed the insulation and filters in turn.
We attach a protective grille from the outside.

The operation of the valve is controlled by a damper. At least once a year (if the house is located in nature), the device must be disassembled and cleaned, otherwise its throughput and filtration quality will decrease.

Installation of overflow gratings

Now it's time to pay attention to the movement of air currents around the house. For its free passage under each interior door there must be a gap at least 3 centimeters high. If the interior doors are equipped with thresholds and are tightly covered, it is necessary to install overflow grilles.

In each door, the total area of openings for the unhindered movement of air must be at least 200 cubic meters for residential premises. cm.

The minimum size of the lattice in the doors of any room equipped with a natural exhaust ventilation channel is 800 cc. Transfer gratings are made of aluminum alloys and represent two frames between which horizontal blinds are attached. Transfer grilles are convenient in that, leaving freedom of air movement, they block the access of light and sound to the room. If the installation of gratings is not possible for some reason, there is a simple and effective solution: holes are drilled in the bottom of the door and covered with ventilation rings. Rings can be simple, equipped with a mesh or noise-absorbing.

If there are more than 2 doors with overflow openings or gratings between the inflow point and the exhaust duct, the air movement will be slowed down.

And the most budget option is undercutting the door. A strip of 3-4 cm is cut off from the lower part, the cut is sealed with an end edging. This scheme is not suitable for bedrooms and children's rooms, as it does not provide sufficient insulation of the room.

Supplementing natural ventilation with mechanical elements

The work of natural ventilation in a private brick house is noticeably improved by exhaust fans in ventilation ducts and hoods in kitchens. They are good when it is necessary to clean the air of excess moisture or odors in a short time. Intensive work is accompanied by noise and a rather high consumption of electricity.

Characteristic	Model
Characteristic	Systemair	Vortice	Electrolux	polar bear
Productivity (cubic meters \ hour)	83	85	100
Speed (rpm)	2000			1400
Power, W)	15	15	15	40
Noise level dB	48	31	33	45
Additional options	sleep timer	Off timer, check valve	sleep timer
Producing country	Sweden	Italy	Sweden	Sweden

Table 2. Characteristics of household exhaust fans from leading manufacturers

Keep in mind: the presence of a fan in the ventilation duct seriously impairs draft. Incorrect connection of the hood also negatively affects the natural exhaust ventilation system in a private house. The exhaust grille must remain open! On sale there are special grilles with a separate socket for connecting the exhaust duct. But the exhausted air can instantly enter the kitchen through the grate. Therefore, for a private house, the best way out is to make the outlet for the hood autonomous, directly to the street. It is equipped with a non-return valve so that cold air does not enter the room.

Supply and exhaust mechanical ventilation

Owners of large and comfortable houses often install fully automated supply and exhaust ventilation. Its advantages are obvious:

all indoor air indicators will clearly correspond to the calculated ones;
the equipment works without the presence of a person;
in case of failures, the system will signal the causes.

The supply equipment supplies air, having previously prepared it. At the same time, an extractor fan also works with it, which removes the exhaust air masses.

The air handling unit is usually installed in the attic, air ducts diverge from it around the house. Since the equipment is quite bulky, it is advisable to design it in advance. Then, during construction, you can plan openings, niches and highways for placement. Due to the complexity and large size of such installations, they are not assembled independently.

Ventilation insulation

We analyzed the question of how to install ventilation in a private house, but did not touch important point. Some segments of the ventilation of a private house must be insulated. This applies to sections of air ducts passing through cold rooms, attics, and the street. If thermal insulation is neglected, condensate settles on the walls of the pipes. Galvanized air ducts will fail faster, in frosty time the moisture freezes, the pipe clearance decreases and the ventilation stops working.

Therefore, ventilation insulation in a private house is mandatory. The output of the pipe through the wall must be done through an insulated sleeve.

mineral wool cheap, does not burn. At the same time, it is difficult to mount and eventually falls off;
Styrofoam "shells" easy to install, inexpensive and durable. At the same time, in the event of a fire, they burn like gunpowder;
PPU or polypropylene "shells" slightly more expensive than polystyrene, but more durable;

A large country house is the dream of many families. But in order for the building to be comfortable for living, it is necessary at the design stage to provide for the presence of all necessary communications in it. One of them is ventilation.

An established air exchange system in the house will provide:

supply of oxygen to the premises;
protection of rooms from dampness, mold, fungus;
comfortable living and optimal sanitary conditions for human life.

Which rooms need ventilation?

Human beings need pure oxygen to live normally. Therefore, its inflow should be ensured in living rooms, such as a bedroom, living room, nursery. Office premises in the house (bathroom,) also need constant circulation. There is often high humidity, the accumulation of odors that need to be brought out. Ventilation of these premises will reduce the formation of dust, dirt, excessive stuffiness, condensation, the spread of harmful microorganisms, and mold.

Ventilation system, methods of organization

There are two main types of air exchange arrangement in residential buildings:

natural (natural);
mechanical (forced).

Features of the arrangement and the principle of operation of natural ventilation of a private house

Natural air exchange in residential buildings is carried out based on the difference in pressure inside and outside the house, as well as the effect of wind on the building. How it works?

The temperature inside the house is higher than outside, so the oxygen there has a lighter structure. Thanks to this, he climbs the mines and goes out into the street. A rarefaction occurs in the room, which helps to draw a fresh stream from the street through the holes in the building envelope. The incoming masses have a heavy structure, therefore they are located at the bottom of the premises. Under their influence, light warm air is forced out of the rooms.

The wind accelerates the circulation of air masses. With an increase in the difference in temperature inside and outside the cottage, wind speed, the supply of freshness to the house increases. Previously, leaks in windows, doors, porous walls served as places of its entry. But modern insulation systems, as well as plastic windows, are designed, so they do not have slots for air supply. In this case, the inflow is carried out through special valves mounted in the windows or walls of the building.

Waste oxygen enters the openings of the vertical ventilation ducts of the house, located in the kitchen, bathroom, and is brought out through them. Replenishment with fresh occurs due to ventilation (opening windows, doors, transoms).

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Natural air exchange in the house has the following advantages:

economy. The movement of air flows is carried out without the use of additional equipment;
no accidents. The ventilation design is extremely simple, does not depend on the power supply, does not require regular maintenance;
noiselessness of work;
Possibility of combination with filtration and air conditioning systems.

The main disadvantage of natural ventilation is a weak air exchange, which leads to the formation of condensate, accumulation unpleasant odors, the occurrence of mold, fungus. This threatens not only the gradual destruction of the house, but also the health of the people living in it.

The natural ventilation system does not allow you to control the volume of air removed and supplied to the premises. The recycled stream either does not have time to go outside, or is removed too quickly, providing heat loss in the house. In the summer, when the temperature inside and outside the house is almost the same, the draft disappears and the air movement in the system stops. Therefore, natural circulation in modern construction of houses is practically not used. It is used in combination with a mechanical system.

Forced ventilation - features, varieties

This is an artificially organized system, the movement of oxygen in which is carried out by attracting pressure devices (fans, pumps, compressors). It is operated in private areas where natural ventilation is not provided or does not work. Benefits of mechanical organization:

works autonomously, regardless of weather conditions (pressure, temperature, wind);
allows you to prepare the air supplied to the premises to a comfortable state (heat / cool, humidify / dehumidify, purify).

Disadvantages of the forced scheme for mansions:

significant costs for arranging the system, purchasing equipment, paying for electricity;
the need for regular maintenance.

Mechanical air exchange in a private house can be arranged in several ways. Distinguish ventilation:

supply - provides forced supply from the outside;
exhaust - removes the processed flow from the premises mechanically;
supply and exhaust - inflow and supply in the house are organized artificially.

Supply ventilation in a private house

This system is designed to replace the exhaust air in the house with fresh air. It consists of:

air inlet;
heating and cooling devices;
cleaning filters;
devices supplying air to the premises;
noise absorbing devices.

Through the air valve, clean air enters the system, undergoes certain processing, is filtered, and is distributed to the rooms in the house with the help of a fan. Getting into the rooms, it displaces the waste stream. The supplied air can be additionally cooled or heated.

Supply ventilation systems are:

channel - air circulation is carried out through pipes;
channelless - the flow is fed into the room through the holes in the walls, windows.

According to the method of the device, they distinguish:

stacked ventilation systems consisting of separate units connected by one air duct;
monoblock - all devices are assembled in one compact case.

Supply air installations have the following advantages:

the ability to regulate the temperature and volume of oxygen supplied;
compact dimensions;
functionality (they have additional devices for cleaning, heating, cooling the supplied air);
ease of installation, maintenance.

Among the shortcomings of this type of ventilation can be identified:

noise. During operation, the units of the system make sounds, so it is necessary to provide a silencer, install the equipment away from the living rooms in the house;
the need for a place to install all its elements (when installing a typesetting system, it will be required);
the need for regular maintenance.

Exhaust ventilation in a private house

When arranging this system, clean air enters the rooms through windows, doors, special valves, and the exhaust is removed using exhaust fans. These devices are installed in the most problematic places at home (in the kitchen, bathroom), they are wall-mounted and duct type.

Advantages of this setup:

air volume control;
independence from environmental conditions;
ease of installation.

Among the disadvantages of the system:

the inability to control the amount of air supplied to the house;
the cost of purchasing equipment, electricity;
the need for regular maintenance.

Ventilation using air handling units

How to make ventilation in a private house with metal-plastic windows, finished with modern heat-insulating materials? This requires a high-quality system that allows fresh air to be supplied and exhaust air to be removed automatically. Air handling units will solve this problem.

They provide for the organization of two parallel streams:

for exhaust air;
to serve fresh.

These settings allow you to adjust the volume of output and supply flows, allowing you to maintain the optimal level of humidity in the premises of the house. The main elements of the supply and exhaust system:

air ducts - intended for supply and output of air masses. They form two parallel lines, consisting of pipes and fittings (tees, rotary elements). Air ducts differ in shape (round, rectangular), cross-sectional area, rigidity (made of aluminum foil, galvanized sheet, plastic);
fan - provides pressure in the ventilation system, necessary for supplying and extracting air. It can be installed on the roof of the building, directly in the air duct, or on a special support;
air intake grille - through them, air from the street enters the supply channel. Also, these elements protect the system from foreign objects, rodents, birds, precipitation;
air valve - prevents air from entering the system when it is turned off. It can operate on an electric drive, in automatic mode, and also be equipped with electric heating, which prevents the doors from freezing;
filters - protect ventilated rooms and the system itself from insects, dust, and other small particles. They require regular cleaning (recommended 1 time / month);
air heater - heats the air supplied to the premises during the cold season. This device is water (suitable for large cottages) and electric (used in small houses);
noise silencers - prevent the spread of sounds from working devices through the piping system. They are tubular, lamellar, chamber, cellular. Getting into them, the air passes through special barriers (perforated channels, tubes or plates), as a result of which its intensity decreases. The installation of a silencer is not always necessary. Sometimes, to reduce the intensity of sounds in the system, it is enough to reduce the speed of the installation, to provide soundproofing of the fans;
air intakes and distributors. The former serve to supply the flow to the system, the latter to distribute it evenly throughout the room. These elements are presented in the form of grilles and diffusers of a round, rectangular shape. They are mounted on the walls or ceiling of the room;
control system. It can be mechanical (represented by a switch), or automatic (work is controlled by a remote control). Its main elements are thermo- and hydrostats, pressure gauges;
security system - represented by a set of additional devices that protect the ventilation elements from overheating, power surges.

An improved model of supply and exhaust ventilation is a recuperation type system. It provides efficient circulation in the house without heat loss. This ventistem is equipped with a heat exchanger, which allows to reduce the cost of heating the air coming from the street. The supply masses are heated by the heat of the processed flows discharged from the house. This is the most efficient and energy-saving way of organizing air exchange in residential buildings, although it is also the most expensive.

Gas ventilation in a private house

The presence of gas appliances in the house makes increased demands on the arrangement of circulation in the premises. Traction disturbance can cause poisoning by combustion products.

For normal operation gas installations oxygen is needed. If it is not enough, the air in the room is discharged. As a result, a reverse draft occurs, and instead of a chimney, combustion products enter the surrounding space. They can cause malaise, severe headaches, loss of consciousness by a person, and even a complete cessation of breathing.

Requirements for ventilation of a gas boiler room

Air exchange in a room with a natural gas heater must be organized in accordance with the following technical requirements:

no more than two gas units per chimney;
combustion products must enter the chimney from different levels (from a distance of more than 50 cm). With a single-level feed, a cut of the same height is mounted in the channel;
to prevent the leakage of soot and carbon monoxide into the premises of the house, the ventilation system of the boiler should be sealed. Processing of joints and seams is carried out with a material resistant to high temperatures;
all elements of the exchange system must be thermally insulated to prevent fire.

The ventilation of the boiler room is constructed on the basis of: air outflow = air exchange x 3.

Air supply \u003d outflow + the amount of oxygen needed for the combustion process.

Ways to ventilate a gas boiler room

Air exchange in the room where the gas equipment is located can be organized using:

natural and mechanical ventilation based on draft. Natural circulation is the result of a pressure difference inside the house and outside. With mechanical ventilation, draft is generated by a fan;
supply, exhaust, or combined ventilation systems, organized according to their intended purpose. The air supplied to the room forcibly presses on the exhaust stream, pushing it out. Also, oxygen can be supplied to the boiler room in a natural way, and removed mechanically. To organize the ventilation of the room in automatic mode will allow the combined (supply and exhaust system), which works effectively in any weather, since the supply and removal in it is carried out mechanically;
channelless, or channel (depending on the constructive solution of the cottage). In the first case, the boiler room is connected through holes to another room, from where the waste stream is discharged into the air duct. In the second case, a complex system of pipes is laid to ensure exchange in all rooms of the house.

Tip: to improve the natural ventilation of a gas boiler room, it is better to additionally install an exhaust fan, which will ensure the movement of air masses in the absence of draft.

Heating devices of a closed type, operating on natural gas, are equipped with a coaxial (double) ventilation duct. The combustion products are discharged through its inner pipe, and fresh air is supplied to the burner through the outer pipe.

If a gas boiler with an open combustion chamber is installed in the house, you should:

install a pipe to remove carbon monoxide to the street;
equip a general air exchange system in the room;
establish the supply of oxygen to the boiler.

Note: oxygen can enter the room from the street through cracks and gaps in windows and doors. If the room is hermetically sealed, you will need to organize the supply of fresh air by force.

Proper ventilation in a private house

The organization of oxygen exchange will ensure a favorable microclimate in the house, the health of its inhabitants and the safety of the structure itself. How to arrange it correctly?

House ventilation rules and regulations

In order to create optimal conditions for human life in the residential and office premises of the cottage, it is necessary that 60 m 3 of oxygen (at least 20 m 3) enter each of them in 1 hour. Comfortable air humidity is 50%, and its exchange rate is 0.5 m/s.

This can be achieved through proper system design. In this case, the air exchange rate for rooms for various purposes should be taken into account. For bathroom this indicator is 50m 3 , common bathroom - 25 m 3 , kitchen - 90 m 3 . Not only service rooms, but also living rooms and utility rooms should be ventilated. To form a calculated hood, it is necessary to summarize the air exchange rates of each compartment of the house. At the same time, it is desirable that the actual ventilation exceed the minimum standards.

Designing an air exchange system in a house

The development of a house ventilation project includes:

selection of equipment;
drawing up a wiring diagram for communications, taking into account architectural, construction, sanitary, economic criteria.

The purpose of this work is to develop a system that will cope with the supply and removal of air, within the estimated volume calculated for the house. The project should not only provide uninterrupted ventilation of the premises, but also free access to all structural elements (assemblies, chambers). This is necessary for quick troubleshooting and regular maintenance.

In order for the circulation to work well, it is important to carefully select all the equipment. It should last as long as possible. The devices used should not spoil the architecture of the house, so it is better to provide for their installation in a hidden way.

When designing the ventilation of a cottage, it is important that the system complies with sanitary and epidemiological standards. It should not only cope with the supply / removal of air masses, but also work as silently as possible. Do not forget about the economy of the system. But the desire to reduce the cost of its installation should not reflect on the quality of the installation. The main task of design is the development of the optimal ventilation option for the house, taking into account all of the above criteria.

The drafting of the project by the contractor begins with the formation of the terms of reference. It contains all the criteria by which the ventilation system should be laid, the wishes of the customer.

Calculation of ventilation in a private house

The operation of the system depends on whether the volume of air supplied and exhausted corresponds to the conditions of the house. This can be calculated using special formulas. The plan of the house is taken as a basis, in which the purpose and area of \u200b\u200beach room is indicated.

First, the air exchange rate is calculated - an indicator that determines how many times in 1 hour the air in the room is completely replaced. For most residential premises, it can be single, for kitchens, bathrooms, boiler rooms - 2-3 times. It is also necessary to take into account the people living in the house.

The air exchange rate is calculated by the formula: L(productivity of the supply unit, m3/h) = n(multiplicity rate for a specific room) *V(room volume).

Calculation of air exchange, taking into account the number of people living in the house, is carried out according to the formula: L = N(number of residents) *L(air intended for one person is the norm). When performing physical activity, one person needs air renewal - 30 m 3 / h, in a calm state - 20 m 3 / h.

Please note: having calculated the air exchange by the multiplicity and the number of residents, they are guided by the larger of these values.

Equipment selection

Criteria by which the main installations of the system are selected:

power, performance;
operating pressure;
noise level.

The speed of movement along the highways directly depends on their cross section, as well as the power of the fan. But it should also be taken into account that the air ducts have a certain resistance, which reduces the performance of the air handling unit.

Note: the performance of the ventilation system of the cottage should be in the range of 1000-3000 m 3 / h.

At the stage of developing a feasibility study, the type, number and capacity of system elements are determined, its preliminary cost is compiled, and optimization adjustments are made. After that, a working draft is drawn up, based on high-precision calculations of air exchange, heat release of a particular house. Devices and air distributors in it are selected according to.

Ventilation scheme of a frequent house

The air distribution network consists of pipes, fittings (rotary elements, splitters, adapters), distribution devices (diffusers, grilles). Based on it, you can determine:

operating pressure of the fan - it depends on technical parameters unit, type and diameter of air ducts, number of rotary and connecting elements, used air distributors. The longer the line and the more different connectors, turns, adapters on it, the more pressure the fan should create;
the speed of movement of air masses - depends on the diameter of the highways. For residential buildings, this is 2.5-4 m / s;
noise level - depends on the section of the highways and the speed of air movement along them. Quiet operation of the ventilation system will be ensured by pipes of large diameter. If it is not possible to install them, use lines with a section of 160-250 mm, equipped with distribution grids 20x20, or 20x30 cm.

According to the interstate standard (GOST 21.602-2003), all elements of the ventilation system must be displayed on the diagram. They are designated by certain symbols and signed.

To make it comfortable and safe for a person, it is necessary to organize its ventilation. This will not only provide a favorable microclimate, but also extend the operational life of the structure itself. There are several types of arrangement of air exchange in rooms. The choice of a particular system depends on the area, design features of the house, the number of people living in it, and the budget. In order for it to work effectively, it is better to entrust its planning and installation to professionals with experience in this field.

We believe that FORUMHOUSE users will agree with the statement that a competent approach to the ventilation system is as follows - first of all, it is necessary to calculate the air exchange, then, based on these data, select the required section of the air ducts. And only after that it is possible to draw up a scheme for the ventilation of the cottage, and determine the installation location of ventilation equipment.

Types and features

According to the user our portal (nickname on the forumpetrovk, Moscow city) ventilation in the house can be divided into three types:

natural;
Supply, or as it is also called, mechanical;
Air handling unit with heat recovery.

petrovk:

– When designing a ventilation system, the following principle should be followed – the air in the house should be completely updated in 1 hour. For my frame house of 200 m2, I settled on a flow and exhaust unit with heat recovery. The installation is selected based on the number of air cubes in the house, I have 600, I took the installation for 700 cubes.

It should be remembered that a comfortable environment in the house is created not only due to the intake of fresh air, but also due to the speed of air flow. Supply and exhaust ventilation, due to the presence of a fan in it, creates a greater air flow than natural ventilation.

When mechanical ventilation is operating, the air velocity in the ventilation system is on average 3-5 m3/hour, and with natural ventilation it is about 1 m3/hour. Let's try to figure out whether natural ventilation creates a more comfortable environment in the house. This question is not as simple as it seems. Indeed, in order to pass the same volume of air through a mechanical and natural ventilation system, a different section of the ventilation duct is required. This means that the installation of natural ventilation will entail an increase in the cross section of the channel, which is far from always possible from a technical or aesthetic point of view.

With any type of ventilation - whether it is natural or mechanical, it is necessary to ensure the unhindered movement of air throughout the house.

One option is to install doors with overflow grating in the rooms or leave a small gap between the door and the floor. For the proper organization of air flow, it is necessary that the air intake is carried out in the cleanest room, living room or bedroom, and the output is carried out in the kitchen or in the bathroom.

In the kitchen, above the stove, the hood should go in a separate channel. If the hood is forced, then the kitchen and bathroom can be combined with one ventilation duct. The diameter from inlet to outlet must not decrease. Due to the specifics of the kitchen hood, the air duct from it is always made round, galvanized and vertical, without knees. Do not use corrugated, aluminum or plastic air duct.

Our Forum AdvisorElena Gorbunova(nickname on the forum Matilda ):

– Natural ventilation works with a pressure difference at the inlet and outlet. The entrance is an exhaust valve, it is placed in the ceiling of the room or in the wall under the ceiling. The exit is the top of the pipe. The drop starts at 10 meters. The pressure difference also depends on the temperature difference. It is better in winter and worse in summer.

A natural inflow is made above the heating devices, which are usually located under the windows. Or two meters above the floor.

The question often arises

Is it possible to combine the ventilation ducts of the kitchen, bathroom and boiler room into a single system, then install a duct fan, and bring everything through the roof with one pipe.

Our forum user Vladimir(nickname on the forum Careless Angel ) thinks that:

- In no case should you combine the exhaust from the sewer, then the whole house will stink like a toilet, regardless of whether an air duct is installed in front of the fan or after.

Also great importance it also has the material from which ventilation ducts for a private house are made. One of the best options is the use of spiral wound galvanized air ducts. But with self-assembly, developers massively use ventilation ducts made from a sewer pipe with a diameter of 110 mm.

Matilda :

– Sewer pipes must not be used. In general, plastic should not be used for air ducts, unless these are special antistatic pipes. In this case, the dust will stick to the walls. In addition, sewer pipes have a small diameter. And the thrust directly depends on the diameter of the duct and the height difference. The difference in the cottages is quite small - this is not a high-rise building for you. This means that with a small diameter, there will be practically no traction, especially in summer. And if you put a fan, then the sewer pipes will make a very unpleasant sound when the air moves.

air ducts for ventilation for private homes - requirements and features

In order for the ventilation system to work with maximum efficiency, it is necessary that the inner surface of the duct provide minimal resistance to air movement. Let's see how to choose the right one in air ducts to ventilate your home.

Matilda :

- The main task
ducting is to allow air to move freely from the point of air intake to the point of its outlet. And be safe from the point of view of ecology and fire safety. Any loss of pressure greatly affects or negates the air exchange during natural ventilation. Pressure losses occur from uneven duct surfaces, horizontal sections, elbows, tees, etc. With a rectangular duct, the losses are higher than with a round one, and dust accumulates in them well.

Flexible - corrugated duct provides the greatest air resistance. And it is best used when you need to make a turn or attach a kitchen hood to the ventilation duct.

Very often, developers, for various reasons, do not want to make a conclusion through the roof, preferring to bring the ventilation duct through the wall. It is not right.

Matilda :

– Never, under any circumstances, vent through a wall. ruin the facade.

In a couple of years there will be a visible spot on the wall around the exit.
And it is also pointless to remove natural ventilation, since there will be absolutely no height difference, and, accordingly, pressure.

If, with a forced ventilation system, all air ducts are connected by elbows and adapters with one vertical channel, then it is recommended to install an E190P fan on the roof.

To control this fan, convenient location a thyristor speed controller is installed. And the air ducts themselves are taken with a diameter of 125 mm.

On FORUMHOUSE you will find an article about, a lot of useful information, a fascinating discussionchoice A after reading our video, youyou will be able to clearly see how an integrated approach to the ventilation device allows not only to provide the house with fresh air, but also save money.

Properly installed ventilation system is the key to comfortable living in the house. Fresh air, optimal humidity and the absence of unpleasant odors are its main tasks. Today we will talk about how to install the system with your own hands. , a scheme that is optimally suited for each room, and recommendations from professionals - about all this in our material.

Read in the article:

Why do we need ventilation systems in a private house?

For those who still doubt whether it is necessary to install ventilation in a private house, we will give a simple example. Breathable air contains about 60 percent oxygen. The remaining 40 are gases that either do not affect the body or harm it. Our body takes in oxygen from the air and returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

In addition, in a room with insufficient air circulation, harmful bacteria and viruses actively multiply.

Many parents, who wrap their children too zealously and close all windows and vents, cannot understand why their child, nevertheless, is constantly sick. The answer is simple - in the stale atmosphere of a sealed room, pathogens feel great and successfully attack their prey. They take the smallest particles of dust as allies, which freely enter the tissues of the lungs and nasopharynx, settle there, provoking a cough and a constant runny nose.

Sometimes the disease takes a chronic form. But a ventilation device in a private house will help solve all these problems, and the entire structure will cost much less than a full set of medicines for treating family members.

In addition to harm to humans, the tightness of the premises causes damage to the structure itself. The lack of normal air exchange leads to the growth of mold and fungus, the destruction of all natural finishing materials and walls. Excessive moisture affects the plaster, which cracks and peels off the base. Ventilation projects of private houses provide for the specific purpose of each room and create the necessary microclimate in the bathroom, kitchen, boiler room and living rooms.

Varieties of ventilation systems

According to the basic principle of operation, ventilation systems can be divided into three types:

View	Description
Active	This system works with the use of electrical appliances - fans. The flow of air flows naturally through channels protected from dust, insects and rodents. Waste streams are removed by exhaust fans. All ventilation ducts are combined into one common pipe. Such a design is not difficult to install, but requires energy costs.
Passive	This version of the ventilation system does not need to be connected to the mains and works due to the natural movement of the air flow. Such a system will require the installation of several ventilation ducts in each room of the building.
Supply and exhaust	A system that combines the advantages of natural and active ventilation. The incoming air duct is equipped with a filter and a fan that draws air from the street, and the outgoing air duct is equipped with an exhaust device. This is an economical system, it is enough to install one such device in the room.

Let us consider in more detail the principles of arrangement of each of these systems.

Natural ventilation device in a private house

Do-it-yourself installation of natural ventilation in a private house should be considered at the design stage of the house. In the process of building walls, ventilation shafts are laid or pipes are fixed if the house is not made of bricks. The system works efficiently due to the difference in air pressure and temperature inside and outside the building. Advantages and disadvantages of the system:

For natural air exchange, the diameter of the duct must be at least 13 centimeters. Holes for installation are located under the ceiling.

An approximate scheme of natural ventilation in a private house:

The optimal option is considered to be in which a common air duct is located inside the central wall, to which ventilation ducts from all rooms are connected.

Ask a specialist

“The fewer horizontal outlets in the system, the more efficient it works.”

Another important point - the exhaust pipe must be sufficiently insulated. If it is made of bricks, then the recommended thickness of the masonry is two and a half bricks. Metal and plastic hoods are insulated with mineral wool. This is necessary so that on frosty days the air duct does not cool down and effectively continues its work.

The height of the ventilation duct is selected relative to the height of the ridge. To determine the dimensions of the pipe, you need to draw a horizontal line from the ridge, and then another straight line with a rise of 10 degrees. The top point will be the desired value.

Important! The natural ventilation channel for a fireplace or gas boiler must be larger than usual, at least 13 by 26 centimeters. Its masonry is made as airtight as possible.

Features of forced ventilation in a private house

Equipment for forced air exchange in most cases is placed in the attic. But there are cases when forced ventilation is installed in the basement of a private house. Usually, one powerful device is mounted, which will provide exhaust in the entire system or be placed in each duct. The influx of fresh atmosphere in this case is carried out through windows and vents.

Advice! If the doorways in the rooms are equipped with skirting boards, they must have gratings for unhindered air penetration.

The system needs to install additional equipment:

protective grilles and nets against insects and rodents;
filters that trap dust, pollen and other allergens;
valves for adjusting cold air flows;
exhaust fans;
material that absorbs vibration and sounds;
air heaters (work in winter time);
air ducts;
automation units for system control.

To obtain the desired effect, you should choose a forced air exchange system that is most suitable for your home. Here are a few options:

System	Description
Combined system	Combines natural and forced air supply. Does not require special maintenance and is easy to install.
Forced air supply with cooling effect	Installed with air conditioner. It is quite expensive and needs regular maintenance.
Forced heated air flow	The system components include recuperators. They use the heat of the outgoing streams to warm the incoming air masses. Recuperators are not cheap devices, but they can be assembled with your own hands.
Recirculation system	Requires the installation of complex devices that mix outgoing exhaust air flows with the outdoor atmosphere and return them to the house. This device may only be installed by qualified personnel.

Expert opinion

HVAC design engineer (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) LLC "ASP North-West"

Ask a specialist

“A large installation for general ventilation should be located at the maximum distance from living rooms. Even very good insulation will not make it silent.”

The main requirement for the arrangement of forced ventilation: air masses must move from residential premises (rooms) to non-residential premises (kitchen, bathroom).

Types of systems and their schemes

It is not easy to draw up a diagram of the ventilation system in a private house. Such a task requires special knowledge and understanding of the correct placement of air ducts, heat exchangers and fans. The efficiency of air exchange depends on the correct layout.

Ask a specialist

“If you have no experience in designing such systems, entrust this task to professionals. You can carry out the installation on your own, but only a specialist can correctly plan everything.”

Basic rules to follow:

non-residential premises should be the last in the chain of ventilation ducts;
the exhaust pipe must be higher than the roof ridge;
the dimensions of the air ducts are calculated using special formulas;
air ducts must be carefully heat and sound insulated, otherwise the wind will howl in the house.

Supply ventilation in a private house: principle of operation and scheme

The supply air exchange system includes several components: an air duct, fittings and the supply chamber itself. The dimensions of the device are relatively small, and such ventilation will not spoil the external and internal appearance of the house.

An important aspect! The incoming air flows must have a temperature of at least 18 degrees. Such an air flow will not disturb the comfortable atmosphere in the room, will not cause colds and drafts. In the case of forced air supply, elements must be built into the system that heat it up to the desired temperature. Previously, such devices were installed, but in modern construction they have been replaced by recuperators. The principle of their operation lies in the heat exchange between incoming and outgoing flows through a system of filters and plates.

In a private house, the forced ventilation system has its own characteristics. Usually in a suburban household there are many household premises with special functions. Unlike a city apartment, it houses a boiler room, a basement, a residential attic, a swimming pool or a bathhouse and other objects necessary for the owners. These rooms have different humidity and temperature, and it is not easy to combine them with one air exchange system.

It is for this reason that special requirements are put forward in the house:

It must be powerful enough to serve the entire house.
An extensive system must provide for the features of different rooms.
The owner of the house must have the ability to remotely or manually control the air exchange.
The design should take into account seasonal temperature changes and heat the house in winter and cool it in summer.

Related article:

In the article, we will consider in detail the types of structures, the principle of operation, how to choose a place for installation, how to properly install the device with your own hands, helpful tips and expert advice.

The principles of exhaust ventilation in a private house and video instructions for installing the hood

Extractors are used to remove exhaust air. It is especially important to install them in rooms where odors are actively spreading and an unhealthy atmosphere reigns - in the kitchen, in the boiler room, in the bathroom. To force the removal of air masses, you will need a fairly powerful fan and an exhaust hood directed to the street.

One hood can be installed on a maximum of two heaters, but regulatory authorities may require you to install separate chimneys for each device. It is better to do so, because we are talking about your safety.

Important! If exhaust ventilation through the walls to the street is installed in the boiler room, it must have a sealed air duct so that combustion products do not penetrate into other channels and rooms. All seams and joints are additionally treated with sealant. In places where the chimney is in contact with the roofing material, refractory gaskets are installed to prevent fire.

For forced ventilation of the chimney, a fan with a check valve and a fire-resistant asbestos-cement pipe are used. It is permissible to use metal pipes.

Important! Under no circumstances should plastic pipes be used for exhaust in the boiler room or in the kitchen, they are not heat resistant and burn easily, releasing toxic fumes.

The nuances of supply and exhaust ventilation in a private house

It is believed that this principle of organizing air exchange is the most productive. The removal of waste air masses and the injection of new ones occur simultaneously.

There are two schemes of supply and exhaust ventilation. In the first case, two air ducts are simply installed in the room under the ceiling. Air enters through one hole and exits through the other. Both processes take place with the help of fans. In the second case, the inlet flow is located at the bottom of the wall. The fan pumps in fresh air, and the exhaust is removed through the duct by the ceiling in a natural way. Such a system works especially effectively in houses with non-standard high ceilings.

We focus on each room - what is needed for ventilation?

As already mentioned, in a private house there are many rooms with different purposes. Their features should be taken into account when planning the ventilation system. Let's consider each case in more detail.

Ventilation in a private house in the kitchen: the main hood

The kitchen is a hot shop, in which there is always a lot of steam, heat, smoke and smells. If a festive dinner is being prepared for guests or the oven is running at full capacity, there is literally nothing to breathe.

Advice! You should not be limited only to the hood in the kitchen in a private house. It must be combined with common system ventilation. This will prevent food odors from entering other rooms.

Arranging ventilation in the kitchen is not difficult. Here are some recommendations from practitioners:

The body of the hood is better to choose from aluminum.
The filters in the device above the stove must be cleaned at least two to three times a year.
It is best to choose a device with an adjustable fan speed. This will allow you to use different ways air purification depending on its pollution.
Periodically check the efficiency of the ventilation duct using a burning match or a piece of paper. If the flame draws in or the paper sticks to the grate, the ventilation is working properly.
For large kitchens with an area of more than 15 square meters, several exhaust ducts are provided.

Video instruction on how to properly install the hood over the stove:

Installation of ventilation in the toilet and bathroom

The atmosphere of the bathroom and toilet is saturated with bacteria and microbes, which, accumulating in a small space, attack not only the human body, but also finishing materials. After taking a bath, the walls remain damp for a long time, and in the absence of a high-quality hood, the toilet has an unbearable smell.

To equip the ventilation of the bathroom you will need:

ventilation shaft that goes to the roof. The ventilation duct must be straight and even, only this form will allow air flows to move freely. Its optimal dimensions are from one to two meters;
external grille with slanted louvres, which protects the channel from atmospheric moisture;
internal grille with adjustable damper.

For your information! In the bathroom, you can install a natural and forced ventilation system. Forced, of course, is more effective.

Important points in the installation of ventilation in the toilet of a private house:

For installation, low-noise devices with a maximum rate of 30 decibels are used.
The ventilation duct is placed opposite the front door. This ensures maximum traction and the correct distribution of fresh air.
All duct equipment is placed at a safe distance from heating appliances. Ventilation materials cannot withstand temperatures above fifty degrees, unless it is a specialized device for baths and saunas.
The power of the ventilation device is selected depending on the intensity of use and the size of the room.
In the bathroom, the installation of motion and humidity sensors, timers on the fans is justified.

Advice! Before designing an air exchange system in a bathroom, read the requirements of SNiP 41.01.2003. This document describes all the requirements for ventilation in a bathroom in a private house.

Ventilation in the basement of a private house: important points

All owners of suburban housing are interested in the question: how to make ventilation in the basement of a private house? A workshop, laundry, boiler room can be located in the subfield of a country house. In the basement, many housewives store home-made canned food and vegetables for the winter.

Dampness provokes the development of mold and the destruction of the walls of the basement and basement. In order to create a normal atmosphere in the basement, it is necessary to provide ventilation or vents at the stage of pouring the foundation of the house. They are located on opposite sides of the base. If there are partitions inside the basement, there should be vents in them too. The products are located under the ceiling of the basement, at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the ground level, and they must be provided with gratings from rodents, otherwise your stocks for the winter are not destined to be preserved until they are served on the table.

For your information! Another real threat to the basement is the explosion of heating equipment if the boiler room is located in this room. Only high-quality ventilation will prevent the accumulation of dangerous gases in the event of an emergency and prevent the fire from spreading to the entire house.

The area of the vents is easy to calculate by dividing the area of \u200b\u200bthe basement by 400. The recommended diameter of one hole is 12 centimeters. And it is worth remembering that the effectiveness of their work will directly depend on the prevailing winds on the site, so they should be positioned accordingly. Among other things, when planning vents, one should take into account the characteristics of groundwater, seasonal temperature changes and rainfall.

Important! To prevent water from pouring into the vents during a downpour, install visors on them and make an inclined blind area that removes moisture from the foundation.

Important about the ventilation of the boiler room

The main tasks of ventilation for a gas boiler in a private house:

regulation of carbon monoxide levels. Even if its percentage exceeds 0.2%, this threatens with serious consequences for the human body, up to respiratory arrest;
preventing the occurrence of reverse thrust, in which combustion products enter the room;
providing the room with the oxygen necessary for breathing. In addition, oxygen is also important for the operation of the boiler, because it is in its presence that combustion processes are possible.

An object with a high level of fire risk must be equipped only with a forced air exchange system. Natural ventilation is not suitable here because of its low efficiency.

In order for the heater to work in normal mode, it is necessary to change the atmosphere in the room three times per hour. Each chimney is equipped with two openings. The upper one is designed to remove gases, the lower one is for periodic cleaning of soot and soot.

Ask a specialist

“Before installing the ventilation duct, study the boiler certificate. It contains all the requirements for the installation of the chimney. Make a calculation of the ventilation of the boiler room, taking into account all the recommendations.”

All elements of the chimney are made of refractory materials. To increase the coefficient useful action device on floor boilers install a coaxial chimney with two air ducts.

Proper organization of air ducts in the attic

Unhindered air exchange will prevent the formation of condensate under the roof. This will extend the life of its operation and save you from the need for constant repairs. In winter, the roof will not be covered with frost, and in summer, good ventilation will prevent it from heating up excessively from the sun's rays.

To properly organize attic ventilation in a private house, use perforated spotlights. They look neat and decorative, and besides, they do not let insects through. In addition to these elements, roof aerators and ventilated skates are used.

Advice! If soft roofing material is used for covering, small gaps are made in the counter-lattice to allow air to enter.

In the most difficult sections of the roof with a complex geometric shape, point aeration devices are used.

A few tips from roofers:

attic ventilation should be protected from dust, it quickly absorbs moisture and adversely affects the roof insulation;
all attic vents must be equipped with protection from birds, insects and fallen leaves;
ventilation ducts must have the same size along the entire length. Any narrowing will adversely affect the efficiency of the system;
with a roof length of more than 10 meters, the use of forced ventilation of the space under the roof is recommended.

How to make ventilation ducts for sewers and cesspools

Many people think that the main task of ventilating a cesspool in a private house is just to eliminate unpleasant odors. This is only partly so. Proper air exchange contributes to the rapid decomposition of waste and reduces pressure in the local sewage pipeline. Excess methane, a decomposition product of organic matter, can cause a fire.

To remove exhaust gases, high risers are installed in the right place. They are installed not only in the country toilet, but also in an autonomous waste processing system - in septic tanks and closed tanks.

Important! The height of the sewer ventilation riser must exceed the height of the roof by at least 70 centimeters, and the riser itself should not be located near windows.

If it is not possible to install a riser above the roof, ventilation valves are used that open as the atmosphere is rarefied. The ventilation duct for sewerage can be made of plastic; ordinary sewer pipes are suitable for this.

Air exchange in the basement and foundation

We have already talked about how to establish air exchange in the basement. But what about the ventilation of the foundation in a private house without a basement? In fact, in this case, it is necessary to ensure normal air exchange. It will protect the floor logs from rot and prevent the accumulation of harmful gases and dampness under the floor.

For ventilation of the basement floor of a private house, the same products with protective grilles are used. They are laid at the time of pouring the foundation on opposite sides. For this purpose, asbestos-cement or plastic pipes are used. At the time of pouring, they are filled with sand so that they do not deform, and the solution does not get inside.

How to ventilate the pool

The pool is a special room in which there will be high humidity and temperature. These conditions dictate special requirements for pool ventilation in a private house. Only well-organized air exchange will prevent the growth of the fungus, which will like the climate of this room. If you do not stop its growth, the spores will cause severe allergic reactions in the owners of the house, and all finishing materials will collapse right before our eyes.

For your information! Favorable air temperature in the pool is 28-32 degrees Celsius. Permissible humidity - 64 percent.

There should be no draft in the room with the pool, this is important for a comfortable stay in it. The pool is one of the most difficult areas to design. For this reason, it is better to entrust the development of a ventilation scheme to specialists.

How to make ventilation in a private house: calculations and step-by-step installation

To calculate ventilation in private homes, some basic values \u200b\u200bare required. These are the parameters of each room, its purpose and performance standards for natural and forced air exchange.

Ventilation ducts for passive air exchange are located vertically and go from each room to the roof. In a living space, the atmosphere must be completely renewed every hour.

Ask a specialist

“For forced ventilation calculations, it will be necessary to sum up the required air exchange rates for each room, taking into account its area, and, based on the amount received, select equipment that will cope with this task.”

For example: the house has three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a boiler room. We calculate the performance for each room in accordance with its purpose and area:

kitchen -90 cubic meters per hour;
bathroom - 50 cubic meters per hour;
boiler room - 70 cubic meters per hour;
children's room - 40 cubic meters per hour;
living room - 120 cubic meters per hour;
bedroom - 60 cubic meters per hour.

Total - 430 cubic meters per hour for the whole house. Therefore, for the successful operation of the ventilation system, an installation capable of mastering such a volume of air is required. You can put one unit or divide the power to the needs of each room and mount the units separately.

An example of how to properly ventilate a private house in the following video:

Before deciding how to make a hood in a private house, read the regulations of SNiP 31.02.2001 and ABOK 2.1.2008. They propose to use for the calculation of the rate of air exchange. The indicators in these documents are somewhat different, so for independent calculations it is better to choose a larger value.

Features of ventilation schemes in a private house with their own hands, depending on the specifics of the building design

If the air exchange system is integrated into one whole, the scheme of the ventilation system in a private house should provide for the movement of air from "clean" to "dirty" rooms. That is, from the living rooms to the bathroom, boiler room and kitchen.
Supply valves are placed in each room where there is no exhaust hood.
If the building has two or more floors, the ventilation ducts are placed according to the basic principles.
For the basement, basement, foundation, natural ventilation is provided through the vents.
The exhaust ducts of passive ventilation are located strictly vertically.
For uniform draft, the exhaust ducts must be of the same length without constrictions and expansions.

To minimize heat loss, ventilation shafts are carefully insulated, especially in places where they go outside.

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in the house

In the process of work, some difficulties may arise. The main problem is the weight of the equipment for forced ventilation. Sometimes one master cannot afford to lift and install the unit. That is why take care of an assistant and a lifting mechanism in advance, which will make the task easier. You can carry out a phased assembly of the unit. The structural nodes are assembled on the ground and sequentially installed according to the scheme. Do-it-yourself supply and exhaust ventilation is installed using some special equipment.

In a frame house, the task is greatly simplified. Do-it-yourself installation of fresh air ventilation will require only the use of a stepladder, a drill and a jigsaw.

Features of installation work

If there is ventilation in a private house through brick walls, it is better to lay the ventilation ducts during the construction process, so that later you do not have to engage in time-consuming and expensive drilling. Use cardboard or wood templates during the masonry process so that all ducts are of the same cross section. Lay out the inside of the duct with a solid brick, carefully sealing all joints.

Asbestos-cement pipes can be used to bring the ventilation outlet to the roof of a private house. They are joined to the ventilation duct in the wall and carefully fixed, cementing the entire structure.

Important! Make sure that the cross section at the joints of the ventilation duct does not change. To do this, remove excess mortar and make sure that the inner surface of the duct is smooth.

And, of course, do not forget about your own safety in the process of work:

do not work on the roof in ice and rainy weather;
with a roof slope of more than 20 degrees, use insurance;
when drilling walls, use a hidden wiring sensor;
when working with a jigsaw, a drill, use protective goggles and gloves.

How to choose pipes for ventilation

When choosing pipes, the main requirements should be taken into account:

section size;
heat resistance;
tightness;
compliance with sanitary standards.

Round tubes are an easily accessible material with good aerodynamics. Most often, ventilation is made in a private house from sewer pipes. Air ducts with a square and rectangular section are more difficult to find, but they can be made independently from a stainless steel sheet. Such pipes for ventilation in private houses are easier to mount in right angles and under the ceiling.

Now about the pipe material. Galvanized steel air ducts are resistant to corrosion and temperature extremes. Stainless steel is suitable for hoods in a "hot" room - a boiler room and a kitchen. A plastic exhaust vent pipe is the cheapest option and is ideal for wet areas.

Article

The device of ventilation is an important procedure in the construction of a house. The circulation of fresh air in the premises of the house is necessary to prevent the appearance of dampness and mold, which not only harm the structure itself, but also adversely affect human health.

Varieties of ventilation in a private house

There are three options for air circulation in the premises of the house:

Natural type of ventilation. Air moves from the house to the street. Special channels through which air is directed help to circulate air masses due to pressure.
Forced type of ventilation or supply and exhaust system. It is an auxiliary air exhaust system. Produced using a special design for air exchange.
Mixed type of ventilation. Natural ventilation is used in conjunction with forced ventilation.

Each type of ventilation has its pros and cons. For example, if the area of residence is environmentally friendly enough, then the installation of a forced system is not needed, the residents of the house already have access to clean air. The filters built into the system will only prevent the penetration of the aromas of nature into the house.

By the way, if you need to choose reliable equipment, choose - after all, you buy such equipment for more than one year!

But if the dwelling is located in an area where Environment leaves much to be desired, then air filtration must be present in the room without fail. But the installation of ventilation requires careful planning and calculation.

How to make ventilation with your own hands

The most ideal option is to consider ventilation when planning the construction of a house. Supply ventilation should be thought out to the smallest detail.

It is necessary to take into account the main input data of the object:

The location of the house;
The materials from which the house is built;
Environment.

Only considering all of the above, you can make a choice in favor of one or another option.

Natural ventilation is suitable for the following location features:

Clean air in the building area;
The house is built of brick, wood, adobe, foam concrete, ceramic or expanded clay blocks.

If the natural ventilation option is not able to provide normal air circulation, then a mixed type will be a good option. It is also possible to install ventilation in a particular room: kitchen, bathroom, etc.

Basement ventilation helps to ventilate the room, preventing the appearance of mold.

Forced type of ventilation system

A forced exhaust system is installed in cases where:

The house is located in an area whose air must be cleaned of pollution;
During the construction, 3D panels, sandwich and vacuum panels, frame type of the house were used.

Under such circumstances, a forced filtration system is simply necessary to ensure the comfort of the occupants and extend the life of the building.

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in a private house

To properly install ventilation in your home, you need to have some knowledge on this topic.

If the house does not have a natural type hood, or it is not sufficient for a comfortable life for residents, then an additional ventilation system is necessary.

In bathrooms and bathrooms, condensation often appears on the walls, mold fungi and other negative factors. Installing a wall fan will help get rid of these disadvantages.

Of course, the installation of this equipment is impossible without material costs, and the noise from the operation of the ventilation apparatus can bring discomfort to residents.

Note!

The fan can be powered by electricity or in conjunction with the lighting system.

Various types of installation of these systems can be seen in the ventilation photo with your own hands.

The ventilation system must be of high quality so that the supply of fresh air through the ventilation pipes circulates in sufficient quantity for the comfortable existence of residents.

To properly install the ventilation system at home, study all the nuances of installation, read the basic rules and conditions for correct operation equipment. Install in accordance with the scheme you calculated.

How to make ventilation in private. How to make ventilation in a private house

The principle of operation and types of traction

natural ventilation

Selection of the section of ventilation ducts

sewer ventilation

Foundation ventilation

Basement ventilation

Disadvantages of natural ventilation and ways to eliminate them

Installing a window inlet valve

Installing a wall inlet valve

Installation of overflow gratings

Supplementing natural ventilation with mechanical elements

Supply and exhaust mechanical ventilation

Ventilation insulation

Which rooms need ventilation?

Ventilation system, methods of organization

Features of the arrangement and the principle of operation of natural ventilation of a private house

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Forced ventilation - features, varieties

Supply ventilation in a private house

Exhaust ventilation in a private house

Ventilation using air handling units

Gas ventilation in a private house

Requirements for ventilation of a gas boiler room

Ways to ventilate a gas boiler room

Proper ventilation in a private house

House ventilation rules and regulations

Designing an air exchange system in a house

Calculation of ventilation in a private house

Equipment selection

Ventilation scheme of a frequent house

Types and features

air ducts for ventilation for private homes - requirements and features

Why do we need ventilation systems in a private house?

Varieties of ventilation systems

Natural ventilation device in a private house

Features of forced ventilation in a private house

Types of systems and their schemes

Supply ventilation in a private house: principle of operation and scheme

The principles of exhaust ventilation in a private house and video instructions for installing the hood

The nuances of supply and exhaust ventilation in a private house

We focus on each room - what is needed for ventilation?

Ventilation in a private house in the kitchen: the main hood

Installation of ventilation in the toilet and bathroom

Ventilation in the basement of a private house: important points

Important about the ventilation of the boiler room

Proper organization of air ducts in the attic

How to make ventilation ducts for sewers and cesspools

Air exchange in the basement and foundation

How to ventilate the pool

How to make ventilation in a private house: calculations and step-by-step installation

Features of ventilation schemes in a private house with their own hands, depending on the specifics of the building design

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in the house

Features of installation work

How to choose pipes for ventilation

Varieties of ventilation in a private house

How to make ventilation with your own hands

Forced type of ventilation system

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in a private house

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DIY ventilation photo of a private house

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