Workers' faculties (workers' faculties). The meaning of the word rabfak in the great Soviet encyclopedia, bse Creation of rabfak

Reduction: working faculty - in 1919-1940. educational institution to prepare working and peasant youth for higher education.

Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949-1992 .

Synonyms:

See what "RABFAK" is in other dictionaries:

Rabfak … Spelling Dictionary

Rabfak: Working faculty Rabfak (group) See also Rabfakovsky lane Notes Rabfak scandalous group: We must do as it feels ... Wikipedia

RABFAK, worker's faculty, husband. (neol.). Abbreviation of words: working faculty (see working2). Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Exist., Number of synonyms: 1 faculty (26) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Workers. Jarg. injection. Iron. Prison, ITU. Baldaev 2, 6; BBI, 204 ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings

workers' faculty- working faculty education and science ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

workers' faculty- , a, m. in the USSR to prepare young people who do not have a secondary education for higher educational institutions. MAS, vol. 3, 577. ◘ Well, somehow I entered the workers' faculty. The school was... Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of Soviet Deputies

workers' faculty- (rabfakir, rabfakher) workers' faculty of working faculty Adygabzem izekhef guschiIal

The abbreviated name of those that existed in the USSR in the 1920s and 30s. working faculties (See Working faculties) of general educational institutions ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

M. A general educational institution created for accelerated preparation for entering universities of young people who did not have a secondary education; working faculty (in the Russian state in 1919-1940). Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T. F. Efremova ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

Books

Nikolai Aseev. Poems and poems in two volumes. Volume 2, Nikolai Aseev. The second volume includes poems: "Twenty-six", "Black Prince", "Lyrical digression", "Sverdlovsk storm", "Russian fairy tale", "Senka homeless", "Krasnosheyka", "Semyon Proskakov", "Rabfak", ...

Years for targeted admission of working and rural youth.

By general rule graduates of workers' faculties were enrolled in universities without entrance examinations (or graduation tests at workers' faculties were counted as such).

Rabfak after the revolution

The legislative formalization of the system of workers' schools was completed by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On workers' faculties" of September 17, 1920. The workers' faculties accepted "workers and peasants aged 18 years and over, delegated by production unions, factory committees, party departments of work in the countryside, volost, district and provincial executive committees" (in the wording of the TSB of 1976 - engaged in physical labor, on business trips of enterprises , trade unions, party and Soviet bodies). Studying at the full-time department of the working faculty was equated to work in production (that is, the period of study was counted as seniority); listeners were provided with state scholarships. In 1921/1922 academic year at daytime workers' schools, a three-year term of study was set, at evening - four years.

Particular attention was paid to the training of national minorities, among which the percentage of illiterates in tsarist Russia was the highest. Until 1924, representatives of national minorities studied mainly at the workers' schools in Moscow and Petrograd. In the second half of the 1920s, national workers' schools and departments under general workers' schools began to open.

In the 1925/26 academic year, about 40% of the places for admission to universities were occupied by graduates of workers' schools.

In 1930, there were 117 workers' schools in the RSFSR (69 daytime, 48 evening) with 44,930 students. By the 1932/1933 academic year, more than 1,000 workers' schools were already working in the USSR, where about 350,000 people studied. Many workers' faculties were created at branch universities, which made it possible to use academic work equipment, laboratories and classrooms and strengthened the relationship of workers' schools with higher education. Over the years, evening workers' schools have become increasingly important, “where students do not break away from production, from the working environment, remaining connected with the production, socio-political, professional life of their plant, factory. This advantage of the evening workers' schools makes them more accessible to the workers and ensures their further development, while the daytime workers' schools lose their significance as the children of workers and peasants receive an education in 7-9-year schools sufficient to enter universities.

In the end, by the mid-1930s, thanks to the development of the system of general and special secondary education in the USSR, the need for workers' schools began to disappear, and they were abolished.

"Rabfaki" of the 1970s

In 1969, in accordance with a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, “in order to improve the level of general education of working and rural youth and create the necessary conditions for them to enter higher education,” preparatory departments were established in the country's universities. And although the old term "workers' faculty" was not used in official acts, in unofficial speech, and then in university documents and in the media, it found a second life, it was often used even without quotes.

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An excerpt characterizing the Working Faculty

The wolf stopped running, clumsily, like a sick toad, turned his broad-fronted head towards the dogs, and, also waddling softly, jumped once, twice, and, waving a log (tail), disappeared into the forest. At the same moment, one, another, a third hound jumped out of the opposite edge with a roar like a cry, and the whole flock rushed across the field, along the very place where the wolf crawled (ran). Following the hounds, the hazel bushes parted and Danila's brown horse, blackened with sweat, appeared. On her long back, in a lump, leaning forward, sat Danila without a hat, with gray, disheveled hair over a red, sweaty face.
“I will hoot, I will hoot!” he shouted. When he saw the count, lightning flashed in his eyes.
“F…” he shouted, threatening the count with his raised rapnik.
- About ... whether it's a wolf! ... hunters! - And as if not honoring the embarrassed, frightened count with further conversation, he, with all the anger prepared for the count, hit the brown gelding on the sunken wet sides and rushed after the hounds. The count, as if punished, stood looking around and trying with a smile to arouse in Semyon regret for his position. But Semyon was no longer there: he, in a detour through the bushes, jumped a wolf from the notch. Greyhounds also jumped over the beast from two sides. But the wolf went into the bushes and not a single hunter intercepted him.

Nikolai Rostov, meanwhile, stood in his place, waiting for the beast. By the approach and distance of the rut, by the sounds of the voices of the dogs known to him, by the approach, distance and elevation of the voices of those who arrived, he felt what was happening in the island. He knew that there were surviving (young) and seasoned (old) wolves on the island; he knew that the hounds had split into two packs, that they were poisoning somewhere, and that something bad had happened. He was always waiting for the beast on his side. He made thousands of different assumptions about how and from which side the beast would run and how he would poison him. Hope was replaced by despair. Several times he turned to God with a prayer that the wolf would come out on him; he prayed with that passionate and conscientious feeling with which people pray in moments of great excitement, depending on an insignificant cause. “Well, what does it cost you,” he said to God, “to do this for me! I know that You are great, and that it is a sin to ask You about it; but for the sake of God, make a seasoned one crawl out on me, and so that Karai, in front of the eyes of the “uncle”, who is looking out from there, slaps him with a death grip in the throat. A thousand times in that half-hour, with a stubborn, tense and restless look, Rostov cast a glance at the edge of the forests with two rare oaks over an aspen seat, and a ravine with a washed-out edge, and an uncle's hat, barely visible from behind a bush to the right.
“No, there won’t be this happiness,” thought Rostov, but what would it cost! Will not! I always, and in the cards, and in the war, in all misfortune. Austerlitz and Dolokhov brightly, but quickly changing, flickered in his imagination. “Only once in my life to hunt a hardened wolf, I don’t want more!” he thought, straining his hearing and eyesight, looking to the left and again to the right, and listening to the slightest nuances of the sounds of the rut. He looked again to the right and saw that something was running towards him across the deserted field. "No, it can't be!" thought Rostov, sighing heavily, as a man sighs when doing what he has long expected. The greatest happiness happened - and so simply, without noise, without brilliance, without commemoration. Rostov did not believe his eyes, and this doubt lasted more than a second. The wolf ran ahead and jumped heavily over the pothole that was in his path. It was an old beast, with a gray back and a reddish belly that was eaten. He ran slowly, apparently convinced that no one was watching him. Rostov looked round at the dogs without breathing. They lay, stood, not seeing the wolf and not understanding anything. Old Karay, turning his head and baring his yellow teeth, angrily looking for a flea, clicked them on his hind thighs.
- Whoosh! Rostov said in a whisper, protruding his lips. The dogs, trembling with pieces of iron, jumped up, pricking up their ears. Karai scratched his thigh and stood up, pricking up his ears and lightly wagging his tail, on which felt felts of wool hung.
- Let it go - don't let it go? - Nikolai said to himself, while the wolf moved towards him, separating himself from the forest. Suddenly the whole physiognomy of the wolf changed; he shuddered, seeing human eyes, which he had probably never seen before, fixed on him, and slightly turning his head towards the hunter, he stopped - back or forward? E! all the same, go ahead! ... you can see, - as if he said to himself, and set off forward, no longer looking back, with a soft, rare, free, but decisive lope.
“Hully! ...” Nikolai shouted in a voice not his own, and his good horse rushed headlong downhill by itself, jumping over the waterholes across the wolf; and even faster, overtaking her, the dogs rushed. Nikolai did not hear his cry, did not feel that he was galloping, did not see either the dogs or the place where he galloped; he saw only a wolf, which, intensifying its run, galloped, without changing direction, along the hollow. The first appeared near the beast, a black-spotted, broad-assed Milka, and began to approach the beast. Closer, closer ... now she has come to him. But the wolf squinted a little at her, and instead of pouting, as she always did, Milka suddenly, raising her tail, began to rest on her front legs.
- Whoosh! Nikolay shouted.
Red Lyubim jumped out from behind Milka, swiftly rushed at the wolf and grabbed him by the gachi (thighs of the hind legs), but at that very moment frightenedly jumped to the other side. The wolf crouched down, snapped his teeth, and got up again and galloped forward, followed a yard away by all the dogs that did not approach him.
- Leave! No, It is Immpossible! Nikolay thought, continuing to shout in a hoarse voice.
– Karay! Hoot!…” he shouted, looking for the old dog's eyes, his only hope. Karai, from all his old strength, stretched out as much as he could, looking at the wolf, galloped heavily away from the beast, across from him. But by the speed of the lope of the wolf and the slowness of the lope of the dog, it was clear that Karay's calculation was wrong. Nikolai no longer saw that forest far ahead of him, to which, having reached, the wolf would probably leave. Dogs and a hunter appeared ahead, galloping almost towards a meeting. There was still hope. Unfamiliar to Nikolai, a murugy young, long male of a strange pack swiftly flew up in front of the wolf and almost knocked him over. The wolf quickly, as one could not expect from him, got up and rushed to the murug male, snapped his teeth - and the bloodied male with a torn side, shrieking piercingly, poked his head into the ground.
- Karayushka! Father! .. - Nikolay cried ...
The old dog, with his tufts dangling on his haunches, thanks to the stop that had taken place, cutting the way for the wolf, was already five paces away from him. As if sensing danger, the wolf glanced sideways at Karay, hiding the log (tail) between his legs even further and gave it a lope. But then - Nikolai only saw that something had happened to Karai - he instantly found himself on a wolf and, together with him, fell head over heels into the waterhole that was in front of them.

Moscow. 1919 Long lines for bread, devastation. Hunger. A young man in a soldier's overcoat, in knocked-down, worn-out boots, walks briskly along the street. He walks and smiles. What is the importance of boots when a young man dreams of becoming an engineer?

There were many. They walked and rode, rode and walked tens, hundreds, thousands of kilometers, they walked in order to be able and to know. “Many vivid pictures remained in my memory,” N.K. Krupskaya wrote about these days. I remember how they once brought a guy to the People's Commissariat for Education, a poor peasant who did not even know that there was some kind of People's Commissariat for Education in the world. And when he reached Moscow, he found a monument to Lomonosov and sat down at its foot, hoping that someone would see him there and take him where he needed to go. A couple of students drew attention to him, found out what was the matter, and brought him to the People's Commissariat for Education.

On August 2, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree. It said that every young man and every girl who has reached the age of 16 can freely, without presenting a diploma, a certificate, or even a school leaving certificate, become students of any higher educational institution in the country.

It seemed like an age-old dream had come true. Now everyone, peasants and workers, will be able to enter the university, any higher education institution. But there was another obstacle. In order to enter a higher educational institution and study successfully there, it is necessary to already have a certain amount of knowledge, approximately equal to the course of the old gymnasium or our high school. Neither the workers nor the peasants had such knowledge. In tsarist Russia, the doors of gymnasiums for "cook's children" were closed. This barrier had to be broken.

And on February 2, 1919, at the Commercial Institute (now the Plekhanov Institute) the grand opening of the world's first workers' faculty took place. New students were welcomed by the people's commissar of education A. V. Lunacharsky.

Soon, workers' faculties were created at many universities. At first they tried to give their students in an abbreviated form and in a popular form the knowledge that was given at the main faculties of the institute. But then the workers' faculty gradually began to turn into a school that prepared workers for a higher educational institution.

In September 1920, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree "On workers' faculties", on the organization of workers' faculties at all universities. The workers' faculties were given the following tasks: the wide involvement of the proletarian and peasant masses in the walls of higher education, familiarization of students with scientific methods of research and giving sufficient knowledge to ensure work in universities. Working faculties were day (with a term of study of 3 years) and evening (4 years).

Books and magazines, the memoirs of individual people have preserved the description of the life of the workers' faculty. Speaking at the 15th anniversary of the Sverdlov Moscow Workers' Faculty, a former student Sazonova said: “The majority of students came to the Workers' Faculty from the front. Study on a scholarship of 10 rubles. it was very difficult, so we took a contract on the Bryansk road to unload firewood.

And yet they, these young men in shabby overcoats and girls in leather jackets, studied hard. Lacking sleep and starving, often working for two, they listened to lectures, set up laboratory experiments, and published their own journals. Patiently and persistently mastered knowledge, became engineers and doctors, candidates of sciences and directors of factories.

In 1926, there were already more than 32,000 students at 62 workers' faculties of the country. Despite the intrigues of the reactionary professors, who sought to thwart the training of a new, Soviet intelligentsia, the workers' faculties firmly went their own way. In the 1935/36 academic year, 276,000 people studied at 772 workers' faculties. This new Soviet intelligentsia built factories and mines, designed new cities, enriched science with new discoveries.

At the end of the 1930s, when all young people in our country had the opportunity to receive a secondary education in schools, the workers' faculties were abolished.

1959 Students from different cities rush to universities and institutes. Dozens, hundreds, thousands of students. Do they remember their predecessors? Do they know about the first workers' schools of their institutes? Have they heard about the day of February 2, 1919, about the day of the formation of the world's first workers' faculty, about the day of the birth of the Soviet intelligentsia?

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5 comments

Gella - simpsologist 12.08.2014 11:43

I have now read the article by G.A. Zyuganov "Elections are the responsibility of every citizen of Russia." And in it I read a phrase about what we already had a conversation about.
“... Tightening responsibility for corrupt officials at all levels of government and in big business, the maximum expansion of the powers of law enforcement agencies in the fight against them ...”
Here on TV, on one of the channels, there is a series about a certain FES law enforcement service, it seems to be called “Trace”. I involuntarily stopped at a fragment of one of his series, when switching channels, in which the employees of this FES drank either tea or coffee from mugs with the FES logo. And although everything in the series is a fantasy, one cannot help but notice that the presence of mugs with a logo is already a mindset that allows spending budget funds on paraphernalia that has nothing to do with the tasks facing this very FES. You say that I'm crazy. Well, then look at the websites of companies that sell jewelry, sections related to departmental paraphernalia, where they offer for sale for employees of justice, the prosecutor's office, the police and even the Ministry of Emergency Situations insignia, tie clips and lapel emblems made of gold. Moreover, gold stars for shoulder straps are in assortment, both small and large. You have not yet forgotten the law of your class enemies that demand creates supply. It is not difficult to assume that those to whom this assortment is oriented are just waiting for the capitalists, even the communists, to expand their powers to fight with themselves. And here again the conversation about the need to fight not with people, but with phenomena becomes relevant. And corruption has economic roots. And history still takes a little time for you to realize that it is not necessary to adjust the new economy to the old ideology, but to adjust the old ideology to the new economy, the model of which you need to create.

Savely Zemlyanikin 12.08.2014 23:44

Soon after new revolution, again we will organize new workers' schools.

Valentina Ivanova 20.08.2014 22:40

To create the necessary conditions for the education of young people, the power of the anti-exploiting class in Russia is necessary. To establish this power, a communist party is needed, in which the highest party power is in the hands of the majority of party members, but not in the hands of the highest party leaders.

Andrey 06.09.2014 13:23

The article is correct, necessary .... but tell me, the editors of the site, did you specially select a photo with the Sharikovs in the foreground?

Friends of the “VO” from the main university of Russia helped us to present in the discussion a view from the youth environment. We were invited to a meeting of the preparatory department of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov and gathered his listeners at the "round table". We supplemented the conversation with them with opinions that combined the experience of a soldier, student and teacher, scientist - university mentors who came to Moscow State University from the army through the workers' faculty.

The soldier doesn't know...

What did the army become for you - yesterday's soldiers?

Evgeny ZHMAKIN (E.Zh.), reserve sergeant, served in the Presidential Regiment of the Federal Security Service (FSO):

There are many bad things in the army today, but much more good. You come out of it as a different person, consciously, in an adult way, you treat life.

For example, before the service, I graduated from an electromechanical technical school. But how? Almost expelled, because he did not know how to look at life sensibly. And in the army I realized that in life it is important what to strive for. She opened the way for me to MSU.

In Russia, there are about 20,000 draft evaders, no less "get off" under various pretexts...

To raise prestige military service, first of all, it is necessary to convey to the civilian youth, conscripts, what the army will give them. After all, I learned about the benefits of military personnel and the workers' faculty of Moscow State University already as a soldier. And if the guys, even before being drafted, were convinced through the military registration and enlistment offices that the army would open the way for them to universities, many would think: does it make sense to “mow down”? And went to the soldiers to become students.

Benefits are spelled out in the laws. There are agreements between Moscow State University and law enforcement agencies about recruiting for the workers' faculty. It would seem that everything is clear?

Alexander YUDIN (A.Yu.), reserve sergeant, served in the Internal Troops:

But in the military units there is no information about what opportunities universities provide after service, including about the workers' faculty of Moscow State University. In the army, in principle, this is unknown. They don’t even know how to issue a recommendation to a soldier for admission to a university.

Mikhail IVANOV (M.I.), chief foreman of the reserve, served in the Northern Fleet, graduate of the preparatory department of Moscow State University, 1st year student:

There really is no information. In addition, sailors are not allowed to leave the ships to meet with visiting committees of the workers' faculty.

Objectively

In the Armed Forces, subjects devoted to social and legal protection, the rights and benefits (including educational ones) of military personnel are studied under programs of compulsory public-state training (OGP).

Materials on rights and benefits are published by the press of the Ministry of Defense - Krasnaya Zvezda, Orientir magazine, newspapers of military districts and fleets. The rules for admission to the workers' faculty of Moscow State University and a sample of the recommendation of the commander of the unit for admission to the university were published by the Krasnaya Zvezda, accessible to all soldiers and sailors.

The press of the Ministry of Defense is provided by order at public expense to all military units and subunits. Their files are kept in all parts libraries, information and leisure rooms.

There are sources of information for soldiers and sailors. Apparently, the problem is the lack of the habit of reading periodicals, as well as the quality of OCP classes.

Konstantin RODIONOV (K.R.), combatant, reserve ensign, served in the Federal Security Service:

A graduate of the workers' faculty, deputy dean of the preparatory department of Moscow State University Alexander MARKIN:

Participants in the battles are issued certificates. But according to instructions, probably old, we must provide them with benefits based on entries in military cards and certificates. We did not receive information about the certificates of participants in the hostilities, about anything else. Need new instructions.

How to help those who returned from the war?

Information campaign "Will a soldier become a student?" - continuation of the action "Teacher's newspaper" and "Military education": "Help the defender of Russia!", dedicated to the educational problems of modern front-line soldiers. How to help them?

A.Yu.: I think that combatants should enter universities without exams.

But if they fail to master the curriculum, they will be expelled for poor progress. And the war takes away the skills to study. How can fighting fighters keep them, and those who have lost them - return them?

A.Yu.: First of all, the rehabilitation program should include information about the possibilities of studying at a university.

Nikolai KONOPLENKO (N.K.), participant in hostilities, awarded the medal "For Distinction in Service", II degree, senior sergeant in the reserve, served in the Internal Troops:

A very good offer. Fighters in the process of rehabilitation should be given the opportunity to prepare for their studies, and then enter universities without exams. But they don't think about it. There is very little information in the parts about universities, both military and civilian.

KR: In the "hot spot" the guys even in their free time do not have the opportunity to read. There are no reading rooms and nothing like them. You can't even take books with you. Especially when the companies are moving. I saw it myself. And in principle they are not allowed to practice.

Would it be worth it?

Yes. This is the best rehab. After all, after a military operation, it is very important to be distracted, relieve tension. And the books the best medicine for the soul, rehabilitation. They are extremely important both for recreation and for preparing for the university.

What can troops do?

What opportunities for self-education does a soldier have in a peaceful environment?

Evgeny Ermakov, 2nd year student of the Faculty of Geography, served in the special forces, holder of the Order of Courage:

The army gives a lot to a young man. Only in it you can get a certain life experience. But potential applicants need more serious support from the command of military units. Why not introduce a rule: in each information and leisure room of a military unit, have sets of educational literature - an applicant's library? This will help soldiers and sergeants to prepare for admission to the university.

Alexander ASLANYAN (A.A.), reserve corporal, served in the motorized rifle brigade of the North Caucasus Military District:

The soldier needs books. But in the library of the military unit in best case- statutes, something from fiction. There is nothing to prepare for universities. There is no time either. And they just don't let you do it.

But in the daily routine of each unit there is time for cultural and leisure work and personal time - the legal right of a soldier to relax not only at a sports festival, but also with a book.

A.Yu.: Personal time is given to a soldier to write a letter, go to the library, sit over textbooks. But usually he is “recommended” to spend time on the parade ground or cleaning up the territory.

The parts are different. I encountered the complete indifference of commanders to the problem of self-education of soldiers. Spending 10 hours on the parade ground is normal, but 5 hours in the reading room is not.

N.K.: It all depends on the person. He wants to work - and he will find time in the service. But there are commanders who in every possible way "do not welcome" engaging in "non-military" work. For example, I was reading a textbook when I was on duty in a company. The inspector saw and complained to the command that I was not doing what was necessary.

Let's clarify: the charter did not violate? Does the officer on duty, when there is nothing to do, have the right to read?

Yes. But I got a scolding.

In many units, almost half of the platoon commanders are two-year students. Only Moscow State University graduates more lieutenants than any other military school. Can they help soldiers prepare for universities, for example, organize a consultation center or a circle of future applicants in the library?

A.Yu.: Yes. But where do you get the time? We need conditions. So that this is not a "non-military matter" that can be nipped in the bud, but an obligatory element of educational work with soldiers and someone's duty.

Does public-state training in the troops help prepare for a university? Are you satisfied with its content?

Evgeny GIGIREV (E.G.), reserve sergeant:

Classes in the UCP should be conducted by officers, but often conducted by soldiers, sergeants, and somehow. I myself had to. The guys do not receive any knowledge, although they can be given. For this, first of all, personal interest is needed. Let the UCP be taught by competent officers and demand quality teaching.

UCP is studied in groups of soldiers, ensigns, officers. And if, within the framework of the UCP, at least one per battalion, a couple per regiment of groups of future applicants for the best soldiers and sergeants is created?

A.Yu.: That would be great!

M.I.: A very good solution to the problem! You can already identify guys who dream of universities in the military registration and enlistment offices.

A.A.: In my opinion, the first year of service a soldier should master the UCP, and the second - prepare for a university.

That is, to earn this right, to pass a kind of exam?

A.Yu.: Of course. This will be a powerful incentive to serve flawlessly.

"Advanced" guys at least six months before being transferred to the reserve should be given the opportunity to seriously prepare for a university within the framework of the UGP. Probably, changes are needed in the programs of combat, public-state training of soldiers, so that the army has less senseless drill, and more study - both combat, and theoretical, bookish.

From the publications of "VO"

Commissioner of the Republic of Tatarstan, Major General Rim Mustaev:

Three years of preparation before being called up under the program of secondary specialized technical education can be harmoniously combined with two years of humanitarian higher education while on active duty...

The implementation of these proposals will effectively change the status of army educators into educators-technologists and educators-psychologists. Educational work will not be abolished, but will acquire qualitatively new forms and content. At the same time, a teacher-technologist or a teacher-psychologist, after being transferred to the seniority reserve, will receive full social security, as he will acquire the opportunity to continue pedagogical activity in civilian universities.

(“VO” No. 53 (157), 2004)

Non-combat losses of military pros

How to make soldier training more effective?

A.Yu.: First of all, it is necessary to return good officers who left the army to the army, and to admit real patriots to military universities, and not those who go to them to "slope" from the soldier's service. Only a highly educated and dedicated patriot officer can bring something good and useful to a soldier's life. And any soldier would be honored to take an example from him.

N.K .: In the units they do not create conditions for self-education, the officers have no interest in dealing with us - the soldiers. Why?

The army is so, I'm not afraid of this word, they were brought down! The smart officers leave. They don't see the point in serving because they don't get paid enough. As a lieutenant

4 - 5 thousand to support a family? Physically impossible! What about housing? If even the colonels do not get apartments, will they give them to young officers?

E.Zh .: In my opinion, officers with a capital letter are those who were soldiers, and did not come to a military school after school.

And which of you - soldiers and sailors - went to the officers?

A.Yu.: - During my service, I entered the Institute of the Border Troops.

Unlucky in exams?

The point is not in them, but in the fact that there was no information about the rules for admission. Only after failing did I find out: if I had a recommendation from the military unit, I would have passed to “my” department of the Internal Troops without any exams at all.

And what about you (question to Konstantin Rodionov), a professional contractor, ensign, what made you leave the service?

KR: I quit my job precisely in order to study. The FSB did not give me such an opportunity. They said: it should work and that's it. Daytime study is "not quoted", only evening. But I could not find free evening training.

And in absentia?

Correspondence will not give full knowledge. At least in the evening. And preferably with the same quality as in Moscow State University. Given the opportunity to study-would continue to serve in the FSB.

For optimism

no reason

Why, despite the benefits, fewer soldiers go to universities?

M.I.: They don’t know about the opportunities that are created for them, they don’t believe that they can enter a university. For example, Moscow State University is something unattainable for them. And only the commissions of the university, who come to the garrisons, convince them: it is real to enter the Moscow State University. It is important that as many soldiers and sailors as possible meet with them.

That is, educational benefits "work" inefficiently? How to make them a lever for attracting young people to the army?

A.Yu.: We got to the workers' faculty thanks to the enthusiasm of our teachers, who wander around the garrisons and from there raise soldiers to such a peak - to the main university in Russia.

If the state and the army want to attract young people to military service, they must actively support such enthusiasts and ensure that all conscripts, soldiers and sailors are aware of the benefits and labor schools, and there are enough places for everyone who wants to come from the army to universities.

Graduate of the Workers' Faculty, Vice-Rector - Head of the Department of Personnel and Personnel Policy of Moscow State University, Dean of the Preparatory Department of the University Vladimir MAMONTOV:

Life has proved that workers' schools are the most effective tool for realizing the rights of defenders of the Fatherland to education. It is important that our workers' faculty not only provides knowledge, but forms a readiness to study at a university, raises soldiers to the level of a very tough competitive environment of yesterday's schoolchildren. At some faculties of Moscow State University, there are twice as many applicants with medals as there are places, but after the workers' faculty, former soldiers become on a par with classmates, and after a year or two they begin to outpace them. After graduating from Moscow State University, most workers of the Rabfakov School reached significant heights in the civil service, in politics and social activities, science and pedagogy. Many head scientific schools, departments and faculties at our university, became candidates and doctors of sciences, five - vice-rectors of Moscow State University.

For 35 years, the preparatory department of Moscow State University has made students about 11,000 soldiers and sailors - 80% of all graduates of the workers' faculty. In fact, he has always been a soldier. The rector of Moscow State University, Academician Viktor Antonovich Sadovnichy, by his decision, secured this informal status of the Faculty of Defenders of Russia. The preparatory department accepts students for free education only after military service.

We are ready to help defenders of the Fatherland even more actively. But, unfortunately, the agreements between Moscow State University and the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service of Russia on recruitment for the workers' faculty in the troops and fleets do not relieve us of obstacles. Some chiefs ignore our requests, depriving the soldiers and sergeants of meetings with the selection committees of the workers' faculty. In many parts, they do not know the requirements of laws on educational benefits for military personnel, they do not know how to make a recommendation to a university. In fact, they deprive the soldier of taking advantage of a legal benefit.

Through the newspaper, I appeal to the leadership of the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff of the Armed Forces and other power structures: help us realize the rights and benefits of military personnel to education! We earnestly ask you to issue directive documents on the work in the troops and fleets of visiting commissions of the preparatory department of Moscow State University, on who and how should ensure that they meet with soldiers and sailors for selection to the workers' faculty and issue recommendations to universities.

Most of the workers' schools were "killed" by the state's refusal to finance them. Moscow State University teaches workers at its own expense. Why does the university need these losses?

Graduate of the Workers' Faculty, Vice-Rector - Head of the Department of Academic Policy and Organization educational process Moscow State University, Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, Head of the Department of Ontology and Theory of Knowledge, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Vladimir MIRONOV:

These are not losses, but a conscious policy of the university, investments in the future and preservation of the necessary country, an effective and fair form of education from a social point of view. It is irreplaceable for the defenders of Russia.

One of the many proofs of this is my fate. I grew up without a father. Mom was building a university, and when I entered it after school, I heard: from such a family, from a barracks, you should go as a turner. He worked at a lathe and after the army, through the workers' faculty, he entered the Moscow State University.

The President of Russia demands

School graduates - regardless of the financial status of their parents - should be able to enter universities in accordance with their level of knowledge. This will require an absolutely transparent and objective system for assessing knowledge upon admission to educational institutions, the reconstruction on a large scale of preparatory departments in universities and the targeted provision of scholarships.

How to revive the network of workers' schools?

We need a strong-willed decision of the government and, above all, ensuring their financing from the budget.

Do the bills on educational benefits for the military, which were sent for evaluation to the leading universities of the country, give hope for this? What is the position of MSU?

The university consistently defends the workers' faculties, makes proposals to keep them in the State Duma, the government. But when and what decisions will be made, we, unfortunately, do not know. So far, there is no reason to be optimistic about the future.

The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has prepared a number of bills that will change the entire system of national education.

In the 1990s, the workers' faculties died quietly. Now they will be revived, but not for everyone. The ministry believes that free education is due to those guys who were in the army....

Most likely, from 2008, right after school (by that time she will be 12 years old), children will be drafted into the army. Six months of soldier training - and a choice: either you serve another six months and go home, or you sign a contract for three years. In the first case, a demobilized person will be able to enter a university through a competition, in the second case, they will be able to go to a workers' faculty and be guaranteed to become a budget student. A quota is planned for contractors - 50,000 budget places per year. More than 23 billion rubles will be allocated for their training over the course of five years.

Are higher education institutions interested in realizing benefits for soldiers for education? Are they waiting for guys from the army?

Since the Ministry of Education and Science is pushing us towards paid education, the position of universities is ambiguous. Many are not ready to take on the burden of free education. Paid is preferable.

From 2008, the duration of conscription service should be reduced to one year ... Those who served 3 years under a contract should receive a number of preferences, including a guaranteed right to higher education at public expense.

Is it a promising idea to give soldiers an analogue of GIFO - state nominal financial obligations to pay school graduates depending on the results of the unified state exam?

This is one of the options. If a soldier receives guarantees that after the service the state will give him a subsidy, a loan and benefits for entering a university, this will be a wonderful support for the army.

But how much money will the state give to train a soldier? The estimated amount of GIFO (in the course of an experiment in 2003 for a student with a GIFO of the highest category, the state paid universities 12,500 rubles a year) is 10 times less than the cost of studying at Moscow State University. That is, only the most unclaimed specialties in provincial universities will be available to soldiers?

My position is that the law should guarantee full budget financing of higher education for a soldier and officer, not with a fixed amount, but with the obligation to fully pay for his studies, regardless of which university he entered. If the state wants to ensure national security and defense, it must do so.

Are there any legislative norms that guarantee full payment for their studies?

Not yet. They are still raw.

How much time is left?

Is it possible to solve the problems of the country's defense without students, or will they inevitably have to be put in the military system? The answer will be given not by discussions, but by the state of manning the army at the bottom. demographic hole and the level of threats to Russia's security. If we are trying to solve such a serious problem with outbursts of emotions, it means that society has not realized either the seriousness of the threats to Russia, or how protection from them is connected with the educational needs of young people in uniform. After all, strengthening the intellectual and human potential of Russia is also extremely important for national security and the future of the Fatherland. And few think: how much time is left to resolve the contradiction at the junction of defense and education?

And there is no end in sight to the war on international terrorism. There are no guarantees against his blows. A glance along our borders and forecasts of the development of the situation in the world also do not add calmness. But the worst thing that can happen is the destabilization of the situation in the country, which can turn not the most serious threats into fatal ones.

By 2008, at a political crossroads, a halving of the length of conscription service is scheduled, which is highly unlikely without a sequestration of delays. The most zealous "political fighters" are wondering if, in the midst of an assault on the Olympus of power in the elections, it will not be possible to turn the problem into a powder keg under a fortress wall? Calls have already been made for a referendum on deferrals from conscription, young people and mothers intimidated by anti-army "horror stories" are called into assault columns ...

From the publications of "VO"

Rector of Moscow State Technical University N.E. Bauman Igor FEDOROV:

Remember how recently, before the elections to the State Duma, society was stirred up by a scandalous campaign around a bill on basic military training in schools. The elimination of conscription deferrals is a much more painful topic, around which speculations are already beginning. If in 2007-2008 in the Duma and presidential elections, it will be turned into a "trump card" of the political struggle, aimed at undermining trust in the authorities, the state, this can seriously damage the stability and unity of society. Solutions are needed to remove the ground for political "horror shows".

(“Will a soldier become a student?”, “VO” No. 40 (144), 2004)

You will inevitably recall the role of student unrest in Russian revolutions. And also about the fact that it was the youth who became an explosive force and a crushing battering ram in the latest "flower-orange-lemon" revolutions near Russian borders...

About two years are left before the start of the pre-election battles for "fire-fighting" measures on the issues discussed at the "round table" and other acute problems.

If 10 years ago 30% of those who are required to do military service were drafted into the army, and now it is less than 10%, maybe it is necessary to return the previous figure in order to do without students? But for this, new educational preferences are not enough. They won't "work" if young people know as much about them as they do about current benefits, workers' colleges and other ways for servicemen to enter universities. In order to become a powerful stimulus and lever for attracting young people to the army, we need active work with them and effective mechanisms for the implementation of educational benefits for the defenders of the Fatherland.

The main university in Russia is persistently asking the law enforcement agencies for exactly this - assistance in recruiting for the workers' faculty of Moscow State University. Though it should be the other way around. If the power structures need young people, and young people need universities, then the work of visiting commissions of the workers' faculty in the garrisons is needed not by Moscow State University, but by the troops and fleets. Moscow State University should not be a petitioner to break through bureaucratic thorns, but the command should attack the university with proposals to organize meetings with soldiers and sailors for selection to the workers' faculty and requests to increase the university's contribution to raising the prestige of military service and its popularity among young people.

For 35 years, the workers' faculty of Moscow State University (de facto, the soldiers' faculty!) has been working for the benefit of the defenders of the Fatherland. It is high time to form a clear, planned system of its work with garrisons in the interests of the country's defense. It is for their sake that law enforcement agencies can go their part of the way, respond to the educational needs of soldiers and sailors by organizing a system of work in the troops and navies, and solve the problems raised at the round table. Only commanders and superiors can make sure that reading textbooks and other forms of training for universities available to soldiers do not become a “non-military affair” that is nipped in the bud, but a powerful educational lever for increasing intelligence, strengthening discipline and educating defenders of the Fatherland, and attracting young people to the Russian Armed Forces.

RABFAK

the abbreviated name of those that existed in the USSR in the 1920s and 30s. working faculties - general educational institutions.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012