Antibacterial therapy of sinusitis. The best medicines and antibiotics for sinusitis, description and price Sinusitis antibiotic treatment which helps well

It is often bacterial in nature. Therefore, doctors focus patients' attention on the fact that antibiotics are first-line drugs. Let us consider in more detail which antibiotics are more effective in the treatment of sinusitis, when they should be used, what are their advantages and disadvantages.

What are antibiotics for?

In the treatment of sinusitis, antibiotics occupy an important place. Preparations of this group eliminate the causative agent of the disease, reduce the risk of developing dangerous complications.

The use of a properly selected antibiotic for a child, an adult patient guarantees a successful, quick recovery.

Sinusitis is an inflammatory process provoked by pathogenic microorganisms. The main causative agents of sinusitis are:

moraxella;
staphylococci;
peptostreptococci;
fusobacteria;
hemophilic rods;
corynebacteria.

In 30%, the development of sinusitis is provoked by several pathogens, the infection is of mixed origin. Any inflammation with bacterial infection should be treated with antibiotics, because the body itself is unable to suppress the negative effect of pathogenic microorganisms.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Appropriateness of use

Not always the use of antibiotics for sinusitis is considered appropriate. This is due to the fact that the disease can be triggered by bacteria, viral infections.

On the initial stage when the disease is mild, the likelihood that sinusitis has a viral etiology is very high. In this case, antibiotics are not prescribed. Experts prescribe antibiotic therapy only in the case when sinusitis is bacterial.

Specific signs of bacterial sinusitis are:

purulent discharge;
pain in the maxillary sinuses.

If the patient is concerned about these symptoms, antibiotics are mandatory. The doctor prescribes antibiotics when tests confirm the presence of bacteria (most often Staphylococcus aureus). If you do not use the drugs of this group, it will not even bring complete recovery, because pathogenic bacteria will continue to work, harming the body. But only a doctor should prescribe certain antibiotics, set the appropriate dosage of the drug.

Kinds

For the treatment of sinusitis, modern specialists can prescribe various types of antibacterial drugs. Among the new drugs, "", "Zitrolide" are considered powerful. Often prescribe time-tested drugs:

"Ampicillin".
"Cephalexin".

When prescribing an antibiotic, the doctor takes into account the nature of the inflammation. The drug should be able to easily penetrate into the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses.

When choosing an antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis, the specialist must remember that he is a constant inhabitant of the body, he is able to get used to the effects of an antibacterial drug.

The use of a weak drug can cause negative result in therapy. If you use a strong antibiotic, but do not follow the directions in the instructions, the bacteria will be able to develop immunity to it.

How to take antibiotics, see our video:

Penicillins

The drugs have a bactericidal effect, have a wide spectrum of action. Due to the fact that microorganisms have appeared that can destroy penicillins, pharmacists have developed special protected drugs. They are represented by the compound of penicillin with clavulanic acid.

Taking such drugs does not provoke an allergic reaction, the development of serious side effects.

In the treatment of adults, penicillins are used in different pharmacological forms(tablets, capsules). For children, penicillins are prescribed in the form of a suspension with a fruit filler.

Names of the most common:

"Amoxicillin".
"Hikoncil".
"Amoxiclav".
"Augmentin".
"Flemoklav".

Children from penicillins are prescribed:

"Amoxiclav".

Macrolides

These drugs are safe for humans. They differ from penicillins in providing a bacteriostatic effect (this prevents bacteria from multiplying). The use of macrolides is suitable for long-term treatment chronic sinusitis.

Preparations of the considered group of antibiotics are accumulated by tissues, they remain in them for a long time. Macrolides can be prescribed to children, pregnant women, during lactation, if the potential risk is lower than the expected benefit.

In the treatment of sinusitis, the following macrolides are used:

14 members. Roxithromycin ("Xitrocin", "Roxilor", "Rulid", "Rovenal"), clarithromycin ("Ekozitrin", "Klabaks", "Fromilid Uno", "Klacid").
15 members. These include "", its analogues ("Zi-factor", "Azitrus", "Sumamed", "Hemomycin", "Azitral", "Zitrolide").
16 members. These include midecamycin ("Midepin", "Macropen"), "Vilprofen", spiramycin "Spiramisar", "Rovamycin".

Cephalosporins

The drugs in this group are considered the most numerous. They surpass penicillins, macrolides in the breadth of the antibacterial spectrum. The drugs of this group are endowed with resistance to beta-lactase (the enzyme responsible for the resistance of pathogens of sinusitis).

In the presence of an allergy to penicillin, the patient may develop an allergic reaction to cephalosporins. Regarding the intake during pregnancy, lactation, the decision is made by the doctor. Many drugs of the group cannot be taken orally, because they are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, they irritate the mucous membrane. Cephalosporins should not be taken at the same time as alcohol.

In therapy, cephalosporins are used:

1 generation. ("Leksin", "Sporidex", "Ecocephron"), cefazolin ("Kefzol", "Lizolin", "Zolfin");
2 generations. Cefoxitin (Mefoxin, Boncefin, Anaerocef), cefuroxime (Axetim, Cefurus, Zinacef);
3 generations. ("Lendacin", "Azaran", "Rocefin"), cefixime ("Lopraks", "Maxibat", "Supraks");
4 generations. Cefepim ("Maxipim", "Cefomax"), cefpir ("Cefanorm", "Isodepem");
5 generations. Ceftolosan, ceftrobiprol (Zaftera).

Fluoroquinolones

Preparations of this group are fully synthetic, endowed with a wide range of antibacterial effects, have a fast, bright bactericidal effect.

They act on most pathogens of sinusitis, but are characterized by high toxicity. They can provoke the development of allergies, side effects from the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system.

Pregnant, lactating women, drugs of this group are categorically contraindicated.

Fluoroquinolones are divided into drugs:

1st generation. Pefloxacin ("Unikpev", ""), ofloxacin ("Zanocin", "Tarivid");
2nd generation. Norfloxacin ("Normaks", "Nolitsin", "Norbactin"), ciprofloxacin ("", "Ekotsifol", "Tsiprolet", "Tsiprobay", "Cifrinol");
3rd generation. Sparfloxacin ("Respara", "", "Sparbakt"), levofloxacin ("Levostar", "Tavanik", "Glevo");
4th generation. Gemifloxacin ("Faktiv"), moxifloxacin ("Megaflox", "", "Moksin").

What antibiotics to take for sinusitis, see our video:

Injections

Injections for sinusitis are prescribed quite rarely. The uncomplicated form of the disease is often treated with sprays, drops, tablets. Injections are considered necessary in such cases:

Ineffectiveness of oral medications.
A neglected case, the development of a severe form of purulent sinusitis.
High risk of complications.

The best options are:

. Drugs must be administered every 3-4 hours to maintain their required concentration in the blood;
aminoglycosides. The most common drugs in this group are "", "Tobramycin". They are administered with the calculation of 1.5 - 2 mg per kg of the patient's weight. Preparations of this group affect the hearing organs, they can even provoke deafness;
cephalosporins. For injections use "Zinacef", "Ceftazidime", "", "Ceftriaxone". "Ceftriaxone" must be administered twice a day;
carbapenems. The drugs of this group are considered the most effective, they have a wide spectrum of action. They are used with a pronounced form of purulent sinusitis, with the development of complications.

Injections may be prescribed with caution to the following categories of patients:

lactating women;
pregnant women;
prone to allergies;
with renal, hepatic insufficiency;
babies (in extreme cases).

To reduce inflammation, strengthen the walls of small vessels, “hot injections” with calcium chloride are performed.

Drops and sprays

Drops in the nose, sprays with antibiotics are used only for sinusitis, provoked by bacteria. With bacterial rhinitis, there are:

nasal congestion;
thickening of the nasal secretion;
temperature increase;
weakness, headache.

The most popular are sprays:

"Polydex".

Popular drops are:

"Sofradex".
"Protargol" (it is prescribed for pregnant women, children).

If doctors have not established the causative agent of sinusitis, the selection of an antibiotic is carried out empirically (based on experience, taking into account data on common pathogens).
The advantage is given to broad-spectrum antibiotics that can affect most pathogens of sinusitis. These can be: ceftriaxone, azithromycin amoxiclav, lincomycin.
If a bacteriological study has established the nature of the microorganism that provoked the disease, doctors choose an antibiotic based on the sensitivity of the bacteria. Also, experts take into account contraindications, the severity of the pathological process, side effects, age of the patient, concomitant diseases. Based on these data, the doctor sets the duration of the course, dosage.
Uncontrolled use of antibiotics can worsen the patient's condition.
Antibiotics work as long as the patient maintains a certain concentration in the body. Reducing the dose causes the reverse process, bacteria develop resistance to the drug, become stronger, evolve.

When using antibiotics from the tetracycline group ("Doxycycline", "Unidox Solutab"), you need to remember about their ability to lower the protective function of the epidermis. The patient cannot:

visit the solarium;
sunbathe;
carry out hair coloring, do a perm.

It is necessary to remember about the incompatibility of antibiotics with certain drugs:

Antacids. "Gastal", "Almagel" negatively affect the absorption of antibiotics from the gastrointestinal tract, they reduce the amount of the active substance in the blood.
Activated carbon. This drug neutralizes the action of antibacterial agents, binds, removes them from the body.
Oral contraceptives. Their effectiveness is reduced when used simultaneously with penicillins, tetracyclines.

It is also worth eliminating alcohol from the diet. Certain drugs can create stable bonds with alcohol (acetaldehydes), which provoke liver intoxication, are difficult to tolerate by the body.

Antibiotics for sinusitis are necessary, since pathogens of pathogenic organisms are quite resistant to other types of drugs. Diagnosis of sinusitis is possible only with the help of computed tomography and x-ray. Therefore, antibiotics against sinusitis can be prescribed only after a thorough examination by a specialist.

Symptoms of the disease

As a rule, the symptoms of sinusitis are as follows:

Frequent throbbing migraine, the pain of which radiates to the teeth.
Swelling of pus in the nasopharynx and its outflow through the nose.
Persistent and prolonged nasal congestion, due to which the sense of smell disappears.
Sensation of constriction in the cheeks, brow ridges and nose.
Standard symptoms in infectious diseases: general weakness and malaise.

The initial stages of the disease can be easily cured with standard antibacterial agents.

The difficulty lies in the fact that it is impossible for a non-specialist to identify the symptoms of the initial stage. Therefore, often the disease goes to the stage when it can be cured only with antibiotics.

If antibiotic treatment is not performed, the infection can lead to the following complications: meningitis, lifelong loss of smell, infection in the trachea, bronchi and eyes. Destruction of the facial bones is also possible.

Cases when antibiotics should not be taken

To determine which antibiotics to take for sinusitis, a specialist must identify the symptoms and the causative agent of the infection. Further treatment depends only on the underlying cause of the disease. In the event of a mistake, antibiotics will only aggravate the situation. These drugs are not prescribed in the following cases:

If sinusitis is of viral and fungal origin.
With chronic sinusitis.
With sinusitis caused by an allergic reaction.
The disease is in a mild stage.

In the treatment of sinusitis, antibiotics are selected strictly individually for each patient. The dose is prescribed only by doctors. Adding or subtracting the number of receptions without permission is strictly prohibited.

The specialist always prescribes a certain course of treatment, the duration of which is not more than 1 month. The prescribed medicine can not be taken more than the indicated period, at the end of the course you need to consult a doctor. If you take antibiotics for too long, the infection will become resistant to them.

If new symptoms develop while using antibiotics, you should immediately contact your doctor. The same applies to the inadequate response of the body to the drug.

With sinusitis, the antibiotic should not be mixed with alcohol. When buying a drug, be sure to pay attention to the expiration date.

Due to the fact that these drugs are selected individually, the best antibiotic for sinusitis is the one that showed its effect during the first 2 days. If there is no effect, the doctor may prescribe another medicine.

Tableted antibiotics

Antibiotics for sinusitis in tablets are the most common. They can be stored longer and not lose their medicinal properties.

Macropen tablets are effective as they destroy pneumococcus bacteria and Haemophilus influenzae. In small proportions, the agent produces a bacteriostatic effect: it does not allow bacteria to multiply, in large quantities it has a bactericidal effect, destroys microbes.

It is convenient to treat sinusitis with Macropen because it eliminates the infection even in a neglected state. Bacteria hardly adapt to it. However, it should not be consumed if there are problems with the kidneys and liver.

Sufficiently effective antibiotic Augmentin pharmacists refer to the medicine of the 3rd generation. Due to the complex semi-synthetic composition, it has the widest range of applications. The principle of action is aimed at the destruction of bacterial cells.

Augmentin has proven itself in many other infectious diseases, which in most cases are not associated with the respiratory tract. If necessary, it can be taken by infants only in crushed form. This drug has the worst effect on the liver and intestines, so you can not use it for more than 14 days.

Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics is impossible to imagine without penicillin preparations. One of these is Ceftriaxone, a 3rd generation drug. Since it is designed to destroy aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, the remedy is most often prescribed for infectious diseases of the organs. respiratory system. The principle of action of the drug is based on the fact that it does not allow bacteria to multiply.

This antibiotic for sinusitis eliminates pathogenic microbes, even in the most advanced form. They need to treat infectious diseases when previous medicines have not brought results. As a rule, patients notice an improvement in their condition within a day after use.

Despite the effectiveness, Ceftriaxone has the greatest number of side effects: disruption of the digestive tract and kidney function. It is strictly contraindicated in pregnant women and children under 16 years of age.

The first-rate antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis Sumamed destroys both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Adopted in 2014, the drug became the first macrolide-type antibiotic that can be freely bought at a pharmacy. The principle of action is the intracellular destruction of bacteria.

The advantage of Sumamed: application for a wide range of diseases and release in many forms. The course of treatment is fast (no more than 5 days). The use of this drug is contraindicated in children and pregnant women. People with weakened kidneys and liver do not prescribe the drug.

Amoxiclav

Amoxiclav is a semi-synthetic drug that is used for many types of infectious disease. It should be drunk with sinusitis to restore electrolyte balance. Amoxiclav tablets destroy the shell of microorganisms by combining clavulonic acid and the main substance (the name is amoxicillin). Suitable for pregnant women and children correct dosage.

The disadvantages include all the standard contraindications of antibiotics - violations of the digestive tract.

The occurrence of urticaria in patients with individual intolerance is not excluded. What antibiotics treat sinusitis, only the doctor knows, so he selects the remedy individually for each.

Injectable antibiotics

Antibiotic injections for sinusitis are used in cases where the disease has led to a complication. In most cases, injection therapy is carried out under the close supervision of a doctor in a hospital setting. Often, antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis of the subcutaneous principle of action are dissolved forms of tablets.

Ceftriaxone in the form of an injection is most often prescribed to patients. This drug based on penicillin is used in the most acute stages of the disease. It is administered subcutaneously once a day. The drug is quite effective, but pregnant women should not take it.

The injectable antibiotic Cefazolin, prescribed in extreme cases, is a semi-synthetic drug with a bactericidal principle of action. It is used mainly in stationary conditions once a day.

Instillation of antibiotics into the nose for sinusitis is an additional measure in conjunction with other methods of treatment. However, sprays and aerosols are not designed to make breathing easier. Rules for accepting these funds:

Spray with antibiotics, along with other drugs of this type, can only be prescribed by a doctor.
You can not dig into the nose more than prescribed by the physician.
If the medicine does not bring results, you should consult a specialist, but in no case increase the dosage. You cannot decide on your own how to treat the problem.
Aerosols must not be used as a flushing agent.
In order for the aerosols to work better, it is necessary to use vasoconstrictor nasal preparations (Otilin or Farmazolin) between doses.

Isofra is the most common among other aerosols, it is convenient to take it with you, even if the patient has to fly somewhere. It contains framycetin sulfate, an antibiotic that is absorbed into the mucous membrane, followed by the destruction of bacteria. Isofra copes well with catarrhal complications viral infection like sinusitis. Treatment of purulent sinusitis with such a remedy is not carried out.

If used incorrectly, Isofra aggravates sinusitis in adults to the point that bacteria become more resistant to antibiotics. Possible disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.

Spray Bioparox contains the active substance fusafungin. Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics of this type occurs according to a similar principle. Medicinal substances are absorbed into the mucous membrane, where they destroy bacteria.

However, it is prescribed only in the initial stages of the disease. Bioparax does not work in acute stages, they are not treated for purulent sinusitis. In individual cases, the drug can cause allergic reactions of the mucous membrane, as well as rash and swelling. The appearance of bronchospasm is not excluded.

Antibiotics for adults and children

With sinusitis in adults, standard treatment is used. antibacterial agents and antibiotics are prescribed when absolutely necessary. For adults who are allergic to penicillin, doctors prescribe macrolide drugs.

If the patient has bronchial asthma, he is prescribed fluoroquinolone drugs: Levolet, Tsiprolet, Tsifran. These drugs are less harmful, but they take longer to heal.

Antibiotics for purulent sinusitis are used in limited quantities. As a rule, macrolides, penicillins and cephalosporins are used for such a disease. However, the most basic way to treat purulent sinusitis is to wash the nose in stationary conditions.

What antibiotics to drink for sinusitis in children? For the most part, it depends on the dosage of the drug and the age of the child. Usually, specialists do not prescribe tablets to small patients, preferring aerosols and drops to them in order to more accurately measure the dose. Most often, Bioparox spray is used for treatment (from 2.5 years). In case of complications, ceftriaxone is prescribed by injection.

The list of antibiotic drugs for sinusitis for children is very limited, but the following drugs do not cause concern among pediatricians:

Sumamed - an antibiotic for sinusitis in tablets is acceptable for use by children from 12 years old. Until this age, the drug is administered intramuscularly.
Amoxicillin. It is possible to treat children's sinusitis with an antibiotic from the moment of birth with a properly diluted concentration.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics (Tobramycin and Amikacin) are acceptable for intramuscular injection in children from 3 years of age.

Means for pregnant women

To find out which antibiotic is best for pregnant women, you need to go through many more diagnostic procedures. Expectant mothers are not prescribed pills, most often the treatment is through injections.

By the best means for women in labor are antibiotics of the 3rd generation: Azithromycin, Augmentin and Spiramycin.

But these treatments are carried out only in the most extreme cases and only after the 2nd month of gestation. Therefore, only the attending physician decides which antibiotics to drink for pregnant women. Basically, experts prescribe aerosols and drops for pregnant women.

Regardless of the form and well-being of the patient, the appointment and diagnosis of nose problems should take place in a medical institution. Only after a thorough examination, the doctor will prescribe a specific remedy.

Sinusitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. It is one of the types of sinusitis, is acute or chronic. In this case, the inflammation occurs in the maxillary sinus, in medical practice it is called the maxillary sinus.

In acute sinusitis, inflammation occurs in part of the epithelial cells, blood vessels, and loose tissue.

In the case of chronic sinusitis, the inflammatory process captures the submucosa and extends to the bone part of the sinus.

Note that there is no difference between sinusitis and sinusitis, so often in the patient's history one can meet the diagnosis - maxillary sinusitis. Sinusitis is one of the varieties of sinusitis.

This disease can affect patients of any age and most often in the autumn-winter period.

What are the causes of sinusitis?

Therapy of the disease is slightly complicated by the fact that many factors can become the causes of development. The development of pathology in adults is primarily affected by the presence of infections of the upper respiratory tract. Often, the disease is a consequence of acute respiratory infections or influenza, as well as other viral diseases.

If we talk about children, the most common cause of sinusitis is mycoplasmosis and chlamydia. In this case, the treatment will be based on the use of macrolide preparations.

The second, far from rare cause, may be diseases of the ENT organs. In this case, we are talking about chronic rhinitis, which clogs the outlet, thereby contributing to the development of sinusitis. Blockage occurs against the background of swelling of the nasal mucosa. Therefore, with rhinitis, adrenomimetics are recommended, which relieve swelling of the mucosa.

Also, pharyngitis can be the cause of the development of sinusitis, as it acts as an infectious source.

Less commonly, the cause may be a deviated septum, namely a violation of ventilation. In this case drug treatment will not be effective because given reason tend to relapse. The only solution would be an operation to correct the nasal septum.

It is necessary to mention more possible culprits for the development of sinusitis - this is pulpitis or the last stages of caries. Inflammation occurs due to the spread of infection from a diseased tooth into the maxillary sinuses.

Recently, in medical practice, sinusitis occurs, which occurs against the background of an allergic reaction. Often rhinitis can join this course of the disease.

We should not forget about chronic sinusitis, which is a consequence of undertreated sinusitis.

Clinical signs can be ambiguous and do not always give reason to think about the presence of an inflammatory process.

The first signs and symptoms of the acute course of the disease are a feeling of pressure in the area of the nasal septum and pain, which is often observed in the forehead area. Often, such pain can spread to half of the face and even to the back of the head.

When you tilt your head down, you can feel that the discomfort intensifies. Pain in the frontal part of the head may be less intense in the morning and increase at night.

Headache can accompany the patient throughout the day. This is due to the accumulation of pus in the maxillary sinus.

Another symptom of sinusitis is a runny nose. Most often, the discharge is purulent in nature, the color is from dark yellow to green.

The next thing that can be observed is an increase in temperature and malaise. For this reason, sinusitis is often confused with the common flu or acute respiratory infections.

Acute sinusitis lasts up to 3 weeks, but often with proper and timely treatment ends in recovery.

Chronic sinusitis It is characterized by not pronounced symptoms, which often slows down the treatment process. The only symptom that should alert you is a constant runny nose, intractable local treatment. Sometimes there may be pain migrating from the eye sockets to the back of the head.

Purpose antibiotic therapy- the basis in the treatment of lesions of the upper respiratory tract, as well as other infectious diseases. The task of antibiotic therapy is to suppress the development of bacteria.

Antibiotics are used both in the acute form of pathology and in the chronic course. In the case when the doctor diagnosed sinusitis in an acute form, an increased dose of antibiotic is prescribed, the treatment itself lasts no more than 7 days. Chronic sinusitis requires longer treatment, sometimes up to 4 weeks.

Antibiotic therapy involves not only eliminating the infection, but also preventing complications. And also, if local drugs do not help in the treatment of the disease.

We should not forget that all antibiotics should be taken strictly on the advice of a doctor, especially when treating children and pregnant women. It is believed that the injectable form of antibiotics is the most effective, however, there are a number of tablet preparations that are no less effective.

Below we consider the main drugs and methods of treatment that are prescribed for the treatment of sinusitis (sinusitis).

Preparations of the macrolide group

These are the safest, but no less effective drugs. They prevent the growth of bacteria and the development of infection, they are suitable for both the acute course of the disease and the chronic one. The most popular medicines in this group are the following:

Azithromycin. Not an expensive drug, has an antimicrobial effect. Not recommended for people with liver disease or a possible allergy to one of the components of the drug. Erythromycin. Similar in action to penicillins. Not effective against gram-negative microorganisms. It does not have many side effects, it is often prescribed to patients with allergies to penicillin drugs. Source: website

Betalactam products

Another equally well-known antibiotics - preparations of the beta-lactam group, have a natural basis. They are quite gentle with a minimum side effects but are active against limited bacterial species.

Amoxicillin. Effectively destroys streptococci and gram-negative rods. A gentle drug, because it does not have a negative effect on the body. However, it is intended for short-term use, as bacterial agents quickly adapt to active substance given medicinal product. Augmentin. Refers to protected penicillins (with the addition of clavuanic acid). Actively inhibits the growth of bacteria, is a broad spectrum antibiotic. With the right dosage, it does not cause severe side effects.

Cephalosporin series

Cephalosporins actually belong to the penicillin series, but are more effective. Preparations of this group actively destroy the bacteria that develop in sinusitis. Today, the most famous is ceftriaxone, which belongs to the 3rd generation of antibiotics.

Ceftriaxone. A popular drug, has a wide spectrum and effectively acts on the pathogenic flora. Often prescribed for sinusitis, however, the remedy has a lot of side effects. Therefore, treatment with this medicine is not recommended during pregnancy and children.

Sometimes a specialist may prescribe drugs of the tetracycline group. They have an antimicrobial effect, but are intended only for local application. For this reason, they are used as independent means for treatment. It is advisable to prescribe as an additional drug.

It is important to remember that drug treatment should be carried out under the supervision of an ENT doctor. Be sure to take only the prescribed course antimicrobials, observe the dosage and, if side effects appear, immediately contact your doctor.

The illness of a child must be treated with extreme caution. Only in exceptional cases, the doctor prescribes the antibiotics described above and in the case when treatment with other methods has not been effective.

The child's body is quite fragile and taking broad-spectrum antibiotics can adversely affect the functions of the liver, as well as disrupt the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, there are a number of reasons that do not allow the use of antibiotics:

in the case when sinusitis has developed against the background of a viral infection;
the cause of the disease was a fungus;
sinusitis (sinusitis) residual effect allergies;
the pathology is mild, which does not require the use of antibiotics.

Therefore, in the treatment of children, doctors are increasingly recommending modern facilities local purpose. They effectively eliminate the infection, but do not have side effects on the baby's body.

Recently, Bioparox in the form of an inhaler and its analogue, Hexoral, have become very popular. They are effective topical antibiotics. Indispensable in the treatment of tonsillitis, sinusitis and sinusitis in children, do not cause side effects. The therapeutic effect is observed after 7-10 days.

Sinusitis during pregnancy: treatment

Any disease during pregnancy becomes a real test for the expectant mother. After all, almost all drugs are not recommended for use when carrying a child.
Therefore, very often such patients try to resort to treatment with folk remedies- tinctures, decoctions, they are used as independent means. And this is the main mistake that should not be made.

It should be understood that during pregnancy, any infection is more dangerous than taking antibiotics, both for the mother and for the child. For this reason, the treatment of sinusitis should be timely, correct and with minimal use of drugs.

There are certain treatments during pregnancy:

application traditional medicine in combination with other methods of treatment;
drug treatment;
antimicrobial agents for topical use;
homeopathy;
conservative treatment (puncture of the maxillary sinuses).

Washing the nose with sinusitis for expectant mothers

The most gentle way of therapy. The bottom line is to wash the maxillary sinuses using a liquid. The patient is placed on her back, while the head should be slightly lower than the torso itself.

A special solution is poured into one nostril, at the same time an apparatus is connected to suck the liquid. Thus, accumulated pus is removed.

The funds should be in addition to the main treatment with antibiotics or topical preparations. Yes, decoctions medicinal herbs often used in the washing described above.

How to treat sinusitis with medicines (antibiotics)

Purpose drug therapy during pregnancy requires special attention. It is advisable to prescribe it in the case when the risk of treatment is much less, and the benefits are many times greater. Today, pharmacology has gone far ahead and creates drugs that are approved for use during pregnancy. Among them are the following:

Augmentin;
Preparations of the cephalosporin group;
In severe cases of the disease - Spiramycin.

Another no less effective tool is Sinupret. It actively inhibits the growth of bacteria, helps to liquefy the contents of the sinuses. Contains extracts from medicinal herbs, which significantly reduces the risk of negative effects on future mother and fruit.

Topical preparations

The main task of such drugs is to relieve swelling, they are available in the form of drops or sprays. Additionally, they have a vasoconstrictor effect. The most famous are: Nazivin and Otrivin. But, during pregnancy, it is impossible to recommend the use of such drugs.

Homeopathic preparations can be a good substitute for antibiotics or antimicrobials. However, it should be remembered that the means of this group are less effective, and their therapeutic effect is much longer than that of antibiotics.

Note that most of the drugs in this group should be used for up to 3 months. Homeopathy is designed to stimulate the immune system, rather than a full-fledged treatment of sinusitis. Most often, the following remedies are recommended:

Asinis;
Cinnabsin.

Puncture (puncture) of the maxillary sinuses

In some cases, it may be required as the most acceptable and non-alternative way to treat sinusitis. The puncture consists in the removal of pus after a puncture with a special needle and the introduction of a solution. The procedure allows you to remove the swelling of the mucosa, eliminate pus and reduce headaches.

Most often, the root cause of the disease in infants is a neglected form of the common cold. Often, such a pathology affects children prone to allergies of various kinds.

Infants can be prescribed drops with antibiotics, for example, Isofra and Polydex. Therapy of pathology in infants up to 3 months - exclusively with drops, drugs in the form of a spray are used no earlier than from 2 years.

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe the use of a penicillin drug - Amoxicillin. Babies up to 12 months are prescribed 25-50 mg of the drug per 1 kg of weight.

For example, the weight of a child is 3 kg, then the dose of the drug will be: 75 mg 3 times a day. For infants, the antibiotic is given as a suspension to be mixed with breast milk or baby food.

Penicillin preparations, like other antibiotics, have an increased allergic reaction to infants. Therefore, the treatment of sinusitis may be accompanied by redness on the skin or hives. This effect requires discontinuation of the drug and contacting the attending physician.

Release form of antibiotics

Antibiotics for the treatment of diseases such as sinusitis (sinusitis) are available in the following forms:

tablets (capsules);
drops (sprays);
injections;
inhalation.

Which form of antibiotic to choose, the doctor determines, based on the age and symptoms of the patient. If an adult patient or a teenager, then it can be a tablet form or injections.

For small children and infants, tablet therapy is prohibited, it is advisable to prescribe drops based on antibiotics or sprays.

The use of antibiotics for sinusitis (sinusitis) can be prescribed: in the form of injections (injections), orally (capsules, tablets), local administration (drops, inhalations). If the disease proceeds with moderate severity, then you can get by with taking pills.

A more severe form of the disease will require the introduction of drugs intravenously or intramuscularly. As the symptoms subside and the condition improves, the patient is transferred to the tablet form.

The use of antibiotics requires compliance with certain rules:

strictly observe the prescribed dose and the time between doses;
it is necessary to drink any antibiotics only at the rate prescribed by the doctor;
if any side effect occurs, you need to stop taking the drug and consult a doctor.

What are the symptoms of sinusitis? Diagnosis at home

It is possible to assume the development of the disease by the following main signs:

The next step will be an appeal to an ENT specialist who will examine in more detail and prescribe the appropriate treatment. The most informative method for diagnosing sinusitis is x-ray of the maxillary sinuses. The picture allows you to accurately see the presence of the inflammatory process.

In some cases, a puncture is prescribed - as a method for diagnosing sinusitis (sinusitis). With the help of a puncture and suction of the contents, the doctor can easily establish a diagnosis.

Sinusitis is not such a harmless disease as it might seem at first glance. Why are such diseases dangerous? The main danger is that, against the background of infection, the process of formation of pus in the sinuses starts, hence the high risk of developing meningitis.

With timely treatment, such a complication occurs quite rarely. But, in some cases, the infection can affect the orbital area, which leads to swelling and severe pain.

According to statistics, one of the most common types of sinusitis is sinusitis - an inflammatory process, the development of which is localized in the body of the maxillary bone, namely in the paired paranasal sinus. There are many causes of the disease (from acute infectious diseases and significant hypothermia to exacerbation chronic periodontitis), but the clinical picture of the manifestation is of the same type and combines several signs at once:

headaches radiating to the frontal and temporal lobes when bending over;
temperature rise (sometimes to critical values);
difficulty breathing, purulent discharge from the nose;
chills;
slight swelling in the cheek area (lower eyelid).

If a sick person has several symptoms at the same time, you should immediately seek help from the nearest medical facility.

After examining and confirming the diagnosis with additional examinations (smear and X-ray), a competent specialist will prescribe the appropriate treatment, the scheme of which will necessarily include antibiotics for sinusitis.

You should not avoid visiting a doctor, since the type of drug recommended for admission depends on professional diagnosis.

Treatment options for sinusitis with antibiotics

You should know that the development of the disease can be stimulated by:

viruses;
bacteria;
allergic reactions;
fungal infections.

In the last two cases, the use of antibiotics is absolutely not effective, since these drugs have the ability to inhibit the development of only certain types of microorganisms.

To combat viruses and bacteria, there are special groups of drugs that are commonly called beta-lactams. Among them:

Penicillins - have low toxicity, occupy a leading position in the treatment of sinusitis.
Cephalosporins - are used in the absence of effectiveness from the use of other medical means.

In addition to the above medicines, the doctor may prescribe a medicine from among macrolides (if a patient has allergic reactions to penicillin) or fluoroquinols (this type of antibiotic has no analogue in nature, and most strains of infectious pathogens are unstable to its action).

Treatment options may change during patient follow-up. This is most often associated with the detection of resistance of a virus (bacterium) to a particular drug or with the individual characteristics of a sick person.

Means of dealing with the disease

Antibiotics used for sinusitis are available in various forms:

in blisters;
in injections for intramuscular injection;
in sprays and drops.

Pharmacy chains offer a huge selection of medicines in any of these formats, both familiar to the consumer and new products of modern production.

It is impossible to purchase a medication on your own, it should be remembered that only the attending physician can choose the best antibiotic for sinusitis. It is strictly forbidden during the purchase of funds for children to be based on the recommendations given in the medical clinic to an adult patient.

Antibiotics for sinusitis, sold in tablets

The widest line of drugs today is represented by antimicrobial and antibacterial agents in tablet form. What antibiotics to drink with sinusitis, of course, will advise medical worker, but most likely, the medicine prescribed by him will be from the list below.

The most common pills that help with maxillary sinus disease include:

Injections

The answer to the question of which antibiotics are prescribed for sinusitis for intramuscular injection is also ambiguous. The range of funds includes Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Amoxiclav. All these medicines are used in inflammatory processes characterized by severe course. The course of injections does not exceed 7 days, and can be extended only in exceptional cases.

Despite numerous studies, the statement about which antibiotic is better - in tablets or administered intramuscularly - remains controversial to this day.

Injections, unlike pills, have practically no effect on the gastrointestinal tract, but they also have a number of contraindications and side effects.

After a course of injections, the doctor may additionally prescribe pills to maintain the therapeutic effect.

Sprays and drops

A convenient, painless administration process and rapid delivery of the drug to the site of infection are the advantages that distinguish the above forms of drugs from capsules and injections.

Most medical professionals consider sprays to be really good means for the treatment of the initial stage of sinus disease.

Drops containing antibiotics for sinusitis in adults are prescribed for a period of 7 days, with the number of applications from 3 to 6 times a day (the exact number of sprays should be specified in the instructions for the drug).

The most common sprays are:

Bioparox - characterized by deep penetration into tissues, used for therapy in bacterial and fungal forms of the disease (treatment course - 1 week);
Isofra - a remedy helps to cure a number of diseases, but can cause an undesirable reaction of the body, manifested in the form of an allergy (the period of use is similar to the previous drug).

Among the frequently prescribed drops are Garazon, Sofradex.

Preparations for children

Inflammatory processes in the maxillary sinus occur not only in adults, but also in children. The causes of diseases are allergic reactions and complications after rhinitis.

What antibiotics are prescribed for sinusitis in children? Most often, prescriptions indicate such names as Amoxicillin (or Flemoxin Solutab), Cefuroxime.

The annotation to the drugs separately indicates the dosage for small patients:

The amount of antibiotic Amoxicillin for children under 2 years of age is 20 mg / kg ( daily dose). A single dose for babies under 5 years old is 125 milligrams, up to 10 years old - 250 mg, the interval from the previous use of the drug to the next is 8 hours.
Cefuroxime is prescribed from 30 to 100 milligrams per 1 kilogram of the child's body weight. The dose is divided into 3-4 doses. For newborns and babies up to three months of age, the minimum above amount of the substance is divided by 2-3 times.
Flemoxim Solutab for children up to a year is prescribed from 30 milligrams per 1 kg of weight to 60 mg (the dose is divided into several doses within 24 hours). For the treatment of the smallest, a suspension is used.

The main condition for drops and sprays is the duration of the course no more than 3-4 days.

Side effects

As a rule, prescribed antibiotics for sinusitis in adults reduce the symptoms of the disease very quickly, and a complete cure occurs after 5, maximum 7 days.

But in the presence of high efficiency, without exception, all antibacterial and antimicrobial drugs have side effects, which can be found both at the appointment with a specialist, and by carefully studying the instructions for the drug.

About the appearance of symptoms of the negative impact of the antibiotic on the body (such as swelling of the face and throat, dizziness, rash on skin, fainting, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract - diarrhea, bouts of vomiting), you should immediately inform your doctor. In case of deterioration of the condition, it is recommended to immediately contact the "03" service.

While taking antibiotics orally (or receiving a course of injections), a number of general rules must be observed:

be sure to follow all the advice of a medical worker;
do not cancel the treatment of sinusitis on your own, even if the general condition has improved significantly;
in order to prevent dysbacteriosis, take drugs stabilizing the microflora;
do not drink alcohol.

Without exception, all patients should warn the attending physician about the presence of a history of inflammation of the sinuses, as well as about the medications used during previous therapy.

It is necessary to adhere to this recommendation so that the specialist, when drawing up a treatment regimen for a patient, can determine which antibiotics to take for sinusitis and isolate drugs from the general list that may be resistant to.

Pregnant or lactating ladies should inform the doctor at the time of the first appointment about their situation in order to receive therapy that is as safe as possible for the child.

When making a diagnosis of sinusitis, one should not refuse to take antibiotics, since self-medication or attempts to achieve recovery without antimicrobial drugs will only provoke a deterioration in the general condition and transfer the disease to the chronic stage.

A progressive disease can cause hearing loss, or - even worse - inflammation of the brain, which is fatal.

In the last century, the use of a special group of drugs - antibiotics - was very popular. They began to be used to treat all ailments, infectious nature. A whole era of antibiotics has come - it was not difficult to purchase them at any pharmacy, so patients practically determined their own course of treatment. Consequently, improperly selected drugs caused a side effect in the form of an allergy, as well as resistance to the effects of an antibiotic.

The new time has given drugs that are based on plant materials and are able to quickly eliminate the inflammatory process. On the contrary, not all groups of antibiotics are able to resist pathogenic viruses that provoke diseases such as herpes, some types of influenza, and the most common sinusitis. Therefore, it is advisable to figure out which antibiotics are effective for eliminating sinusitis and its consequences.

When the nasal sinuses become inflamed (the more accurate name is the maxillary sinuses), then such an unpleasant ailment as sinusitis occurs. Very often it acts as a complication of the simplest cold.

It is not at all difficult to determine the first symptoms in an adult. The first symptoms that should become the driving force behind an urgent trip to the doctor are characterized by:

When a person has a pressing and bursting feeling in the area of the sinuses.
After that, mucous discharge may appear. In the absence of therapy, the inflammatory process intensifies and this can be understood by the green tint of the mucous secretions. In the event of the appearance of yellowish discharge, it is worth sounding the alarm, as this indicates the beginning of a purulent process.
Pain in the area of the maxillary sinuses begins to disturb, which can intensify in the evening and radiates to the head. Also, the pain becomes much stronger when bending over.
The patient feels a breakdown, and the temperature rises significantly. But for chronic sinusitis (if the patient started the disease or chose the wrong therapy), then the temperature increase is not typical.

How is the diagnosis confirmed?

To determine the disease, radiography is used, it is thanks to it that the presence of purulent contents in the sinuses is determined. The most outdated method of treatment is a puncture. The procedure is not pleasant and scary for almost every adult. Fortunately, this technique has gone far into the past and is rarely used because of the dangerous consequences and extreme pain.

It is important! Remember that the doctor must send the patient to a smear, which determines the type of microorganism that provoked sinusitis. As a result, it is possible to choose an effective antibiotic as accurately as possible, which will quickly cope with the infection.

Antibiotics: when are they needed?

First anxiety symptoms expressed in the form of copious purulent discharge, strong pain syndrome, which gives to the head and elevated temperature. If sinusitis has not passed into the purulent stage, then you can get by with home treatment, which involves washing the nasal sinuses with a special solution, instillation with drops, herbal inhalations.

Before you start taking antibiotics, you should determine which pathogen caused the inflammatory process. As already mentioned, this can be done through a smear. You can not independently establish a diagnosis, and select antibiotics at random - this can lead to irreparable consequences. When the type of pathogens or virus is known, it is not difficult for a specialist to select the correct effective group of antibiotics.

Note! There are a number of cases when taking antibiotics will be completely useless. First of all, with allergic reactions. Against their background, sinusitis can easily begin to develop. Therefore, treatment with antibiotics will be inappropriate and ineffective. A similar result should be expected when a fungal infection has become a provocateur of sinusitis.

Not knowing clinical picture the course of the disease, you can not ignore the trip to a specialist and confirmation of the diagnosis with subsequent diagnosis for the correct selection of medicines.

How are antibiotics taken correctly?

For successful treatment, a properly selected drug is not enough. After all, the result of recovery directly depends on the actions of the patient - how he complies with the doctor's instructions, whether he interrupts antibiotics, whether he uses additional self-prescribed drugs that can block the action of the antibiotic.

So, a specialist, depending on the complexity of the course of the disease, prescribes an antibiotic in the form of injections, oral intake or as a topical application. At moderate sinusitis is mostly managed with tableted antibiotics. A more severe lesion requires mandatory intravenous administration, but it can also be intramuscularly. Upon relief, the patient will be transferred to oral medication.

When taking antibiotics, the patient must comply with the following recommendations:

Do not deviate from the dose prescribed by the doctor.
Take the drug strictly on time.
Do not interrupt the prescribed course of antibiotics unless side effects are observed.
Do not additionally take other drugs not agreed with the attending physician.
Never take alcohol and drugs at the same time.
When purchasing a drug, pay attention to the expiration date.
Additionally, to improve overall well-being, the doctor may prescribe fluids and anti-edema drugs. Do not ignore their reception.
Do not use self-selected nasal drops in parallel with antibiotics. The entire course of treatment is compiled by a doctor.

Reference! On average, the course of treatment with a tablet form lasts from one week to fourteen days. If this period is exceeded, the patient may experience intestinal dysbacteriosis. Consequently, beneficial microorganisms will be destroyed.

What antibiotics are used to eliminate sinusitis?

After establishing the diagnosis and subsequent determination of the pathogen, the specialist can choose an antibiotic from the main groups that are the most effective for eliminating sinusitis:

Penicillin. It is considered the most common antibiotic that is used for manifestations of sinusitis.
Macrolides. They are second only to penicillin. They are prescribed in case of individual intolerance to the penicillin group.
Fluoroquinolones. It is a synthetic antibiotic. It can quickly eliminate the activity of the pathogen - bacteria, since the latter have not yet developed immunity to it.
Cephalosporins. When there is no result from other drugs, then this type of antibiotic is prescribed, which perfectly eliminates any inflammatory process.

Attention! If the patient does not feel any relief already on the second or third day of admission antibacterial drug, then this is evidence that the antibiotic is incorrectly selected and is not able to eliminate the pathogen. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the possible allergic consequences and the individual characteristics of the organism.

Video - Sinusitis: signs, symptoms and treatment

Treatment of sinusitis

Despite the fact that the symptoms of sinusitis provoked by pathogenic bacteria are similar to the symptoms of sinusitis caused by a virus infection, the treatment is still significantly different. Experts turn to antibiotics not immediately, but only as a last resort, when the effect of local preparations absent or profuse purulent discharge of a green or yellow hue from the sinuses has begun.

A special way is the treatment of viral sinusitis. After all, penicillin macrolides are not able to eliminate the virus. The patient will feel better with this type of sinusitis only when the virus passes into an inactive phase.

On the contrary, inflammation of a bacterial nature can be triggered by several types of pathogenic bacteria:

Enterobacteria.
Streptococci.
Staphylococci.
Moraxella.

When the patient does not have a purulent outflow from the nasal sinuses, there is no fever, but there is a strong edema, then allergic sinusitis is diagnosed. In this case, the effect of antibiotics is powerless.

Tablet form of antibiotics against sinusitis

Antibiotics can be found in the form of capsules and tablets - this is quite convenient and most preferred by patients, the form of release of the drug. There are several of the most effective antibiotics in tablet form, which do an excellent job with the disease and its consequences.

Name of the antibiotic	Image	Brief description of the action
macrofoam		A representative of one of the main groups of antibiotics - macrolides. The impact on pathogenic viruses occurs due to the active substance - midecamycin. Most often used for sinusitis, provoked by Haemophilus influenzae, as well as pneumococci. For adults, it is recommended to take the drug three times a day for two weeks.
Augmentin		Thanks to complex composition This drug has rightfully received the status of a third-generation antibiotic. The main effect is due to clavulanic acid. That's just the duration of treatment with this remedy should not exceed two weeks. Otherwise, there may be a manifestation of side effects: vomiting, and in the intestine - dysbacteriosis
Sumamed		A modern antibiotic from the group of macrolides, which is actively used in the treatment of sinusitis. Since the drug is potent, doctors prescribe it to take no more than five days. The frequency of intake is limited to once a day for half an hour before meals.
Flemoxin Solutab		This is a representative from penicillin antibiotics. The main difference of the drug is resistance to the effects of gastric juice
Amoxiclav		An antibiotic of semi-synthetic penicillins, which is prescribed for many viral ailments - bronchitis, sinusitis. The main effect of the drug is the ability to destroy the walls of pathogenic bacteria. Please note that it is used exclusively for the treatment of sinusitis in adults.
Zitrolide		This is a drug of the macrolide group, which has a high antimicrobial effect. It is recommended to take once a day a couple of hours before meals. Please note that it is released strictly by prescription.

Attention! If the antibiotic has not shown results in the form of an improvement in well-being within 48 hours, then it should not be taken longer, it is ineffective against sinusitis.

Intramuscular and intravenous types of antibiotics

When a patient has intoxication of the body, the use of injections is indicated, since antibiotics in this form are highly bioavailable. So, the following drugs are considered the most effective:

Name of the antibiotic	Image	Main action
Ceftriaxone		Since the drug is designated as a derivative of the penicillin group, it is customary to use it for most infectious diseases. This is a clear representative of third-generation antibiotics and the only salvation for exacerbation of purulent sinusitis. You can buy it in the form of a powder, from which an injection is prepared. It is allowed to enter both intravenously and intramuscularly. Please note that this antibiotic is prohibited for the treatment of pregnant women.
Cefazolin		Represents the cephalosporin group of semi-synthetic antibiotics. Upon administration of the drug, its concentration in the blood will last for twelve hours. Antibiotics should be used with caution as side effects such as stomach upset and, in some cases, allergies may occur.

Topical preparations

The early stages of sinusitis are not so difficult to eliminate with a special spray or drops. But, even in this form, antibiotics are produced.

Name of the antibiotic	Image	Essence of action
Isofra		One of the best alternatives to injections and pills. It is recommended to use at least four times a day for one week. Previously, before applying the spray, the nostrils are cleared of purulent mucus (possible by saline washing)
Polydex with phenylephrine		Antibiotic in the form of a spray, which has excellent vasoconstrictive and antibacterial effects. It is necessary to apply three times a day, and if necessary - five times. The duration of the course is one week. The active substances of the drug are polymyxin and neomycin

How to treat sinusitis in children with antibiotics?

Most often, children can suffer from complications after rhinitis, which manifest themselves in the form of sinusitis. At the same time, an allergic reaction is clearly manifested in children, so doctors prescribe anti-allergic drops without fail. In some cases, the use of antibiotics is not necessary.

Attention! When using a spray or drops, the child should not feel a burning sensation. If such discomfort is present, it is recommended to use sea water.

Name of the antibiotic	Image	Main action
Amoxicillin