Knee bruise - treatment with folk remedies. Causes of a knee joint bruise, symptoms, how to treat it, at home Knee bruise with a wound

Most knee injuries are the result of a fall from a great height, mechanical impact, road accidents, or sports injuries. Contusion of the knee joint occupies a leading position among other injuries of the lower extremities. The age factor for this type of injury is not relevant. The clinical picture manifests itself in rapidly developing pain, swelling, and hematoma.

Symptoms of injury

In case of severe swelling and hematoma, fractures and ligament ruptures should be excluded

To determine how to treat a knee injury, a traumatologist carefully studies the symptoms of the injury. Main features:

Sharp pain that often covers the entire limb. Immediately after the blow, it is quite strong, due to which the victim cannot move normally, lean or stand on his leg.
Swelling is a natural reaction of the soft tissues of the knee joint to impact. The knee increases in size quite rapidly, which is why motor activity is limited.
A hematoma or bruise is a common occurrence that accompanies an injury. Hemorrhage, like swelling, develops quickly. The first day the hematoma looks like a purple-red stain. Later, its boundaries blur a little, and the color also changes. Gradually, the bruise, in the absence of other injuries, completely resolves.
Violation of the integrity of the skin - there may be no symptom, it all depends on the strength of the external influence.

Treatment of a knee bruise

Treatment of injury begins with first aid. If you follow simple recommendations, you can influence the success of further therapy and minimize the risk of complications.

The ice compress should be kept for no more than 15 minutes, then take a break.

First aid algorithm for a knee injury:

limit the load and pressure on the damaged area;
apply a cold source to the injured knee: ice, a bottle of cold water;
give the victim a painkiller - this will avoid the development of traumatic shock in cases of severe bruising of the knee;
apply a tight bandage, but do not pinch the muscles; if you don’t have a bandage at hand, you can use fabric strips;
help the patient take a horizontal body position; place a small pillow or cushion under the damaged joint so that the limb is higher than the body;
deliver the victim to a medical facility.

Often a bruise of the knee joint is accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the skin. Dirt particles entering the wound trigger the inflammatory process. Severe complications may develop, some of which are quite difficult to eliminate. Treating the wound with hydrogen peroxide as part of first aid helps to avoid this.

Prescribing therapy for a knee injury is possible after a detailed examination of the patient. A severe bruise is often accompanied not only by swelling, but also by the accumulation of fluid under the surface of the skin. To avoid serious consequences, accumulated fluid is removed by subcutaneous puncture. There may be blood in the syringe (in this case, the traumatologist says the patient has developed hemarthrosis) or serous exudate.

Exudate is a liquid that accumulates in the joint cavity or tissues surrounding the joint in the event of an inflammatory process. Serous exudate is confirmation of inflammation affecting the synovial and serous membranes.

After pumping out the fluid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for example Diclofenac, is injected into the joint cavity. The drug will reduce the manifestations of the inflammatory process and effectively eliminate pain.

Fixation of the knee joint as part of therapy

Immobilizing splint - splint

Immobilization or immobilization of the knee joint after a bruise is a mandatory therapeutic procedure. Its task is to reduce the load on the joint and provide it with the rest necessary for full recovery.

Traditionally, immobilization for bruises is carried out using a plaster splint and splint. They cover the leg from the inside, limiting the knee from performing its flexion function.

Depending on the degree of damage, the following immobilization agents are used:

Fabric circular elastic knee pad- an example of the simplest bandage. It is most often made from natural fabrics. Despite the simple design of the product, all components of the joint are securely fixed, while ensuring minimal mobility. The orthopedic device has a warming effect - if, due to a severe bruise, the knee is swollen, the removal of swelling takes a long time, during which it cannot be heated.
Neoprene knee brace– is popular among traumatologists as an alternative to a plaster splint. Velcro straps make the knee pad a universal device that allows you to adjust the degree of fixation;
Orthoses– a modernized version of circular bandages. Most often, manufacturers supply them with additional fixing devices: side plates, silicone inserts.
Splints- devices that provide fairly rigid fixation, like a plaster cast. The main difference and advantage of splints is that you can perform a limited but sufficient range of movements in the device. Due to this, the duration of the rehabilitation period is significantly reduced.

Which means of immobilizing a bruised knee to choose is decided solely by the doctor, based on the results of the examination.

Medication method

The use of medications for a knee injury is an essential part of therapy. Some are aimed at eliminating the pain syndrome that necessarily accompanies joint injury, while others help stop the inflammatory process.

Paracetamol

The painkiller has the fewest contraindications. The principle of action is based on blocking enzymes that are actively produced by the body in response to injury and cause pain.

Paracetamol is used in the treatment of adults and children with mandatory dosage adjustment. The drug is easily combined with other medications.

The disadvantage of Paracetamol is its short duration - the analgesic effect lasts no more than 4 hours. The active ingredients do not have an anti-inflammatory effect on the body, which is why Paracetamol is rarely prescribed for bruises.

Ibuprofen

Quite often used in the treatment of bruises due to the fact that the active substances actively fight temperature, inflammatory processes and pain. Ibuprofen begins to act quickly enough, the effect lasts for 6 hours.

Taking Ibuprofen in some patients can cause attacks of nausea and vomiting, disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, so the drug is not prescribed to patients with diagnosed gastrointestinal diseases.

Ketanov

The painkiller is quite strong. Due to the high concentration of components, it should not be taken for more than 2 days, strictly following the instructions and/or recommendations of the attending physician.

Side effects of the drug include attacks of nausea, abdominal pain, drowsiness, weakness of the body, and increased heart rate.

Ketanov is not prescribed to women who are carrying or breastfeeding a child, as well as to persons under 16 years of age, people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, or bleeding disorders.

Diclofenac

The drug is presented on the pharmaceutical market in two forms - tablets and injection solution, which explains its widespread use in traumatology.

The active ingredients quickly eliminate pain, have an anti-inflammatory effect, and help eliminate swelling.

Contraindications for the use of Diclofenac are the third trimester of pregnancy and breastfeeding. The medicine may cause allergic reactions.

Uymisbol

The medicine is of plant origin. It is based on marsh cinquefoil. The extract of this plant helps relieve swelling, renew weakened or damaged cells, and also has a mild analgesic effect. Marsh cinquefoil helps normalize the tone of the walls of blood vessels and metabolic processes in tissues.

The drug is well tolerated even with long-term use. Some patients may experience a slight exacerbation of the clinical picture of the condition, however, this is not a reason to discontinue the medication.

Phlogenzyme

The drug contains enzymes of plant and animal origin. Absorbed by the intestinal walls, these substances penetrate into the general bloodstream and are then sent to the site of inflammation. Enzymes are responsible for improving microcirculation, stimulating the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the damaged area. Help fight swelling and stimulate tissue regeneration.

Physiotherapy methods

After two to three days have passed since the injury, doctors prescribe physical therapy. Her methods are aimed at stopping the outpouring of blood, relieving pain, and the development of edema.

To eliminate pain in the treatment of knee joint bruises, the following are actively used:

Diadynamophoresis using local anesthetics. Prescribed from the second day after the injury. If cryopads are used, diadynamophoresis is carried out after 12–14 hours. In the treatment of bruises, the duration of procedures should not exceed 6 days, the daily number should not be more than 2.
Cryotherapy (local) - the cold factor reduces the degree of excitability of tactile and pain fibers and subsequently blocks their conductivity. Myorelaxation, which occurs 10 minutes after the procedure, reduces the activity of the pain syndrome. It is also aimed at stopping hemorrhage and the development of edema. During cryotherapy, cryoagents are actively used, with which tampons are moistened or small containers are filled and applied to the injured area. The duration of the procedure ranges from 1 to 4 hours;
Electrophoresis of anesthetics – helps reduce the excitability of conductors pain sensitivity. Each procedure takes from 15 to 20 minutes. Application is possible from 2 or 3 days after injury.

Anti-inflammatory procedures:

UHF therapy is a method that inhibits the activity of inflammatory mediators, promotes the expansion of capillaries, which has a positive effect on lymphatic drainage. Each procedure takes about 10–12 minutes. The entire course lasts 5–10 procedures.
Microwave therapy helps expand capillaries and increase their permeability. Due to this, decay products at the site of inflammation are more actively removed from the body.
Magnetotherapy increases the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and reduces the degree of vascular spasm in the area of impact.

Anti-inflammatory methods of physiotherapy have thermal effect. If the knee joint is bruised, using them in the early stages of treating the injury can aggravate pain and swelling, so the procedures are carried out from 4-5 days.

Treatment at home

Facilities traditional medicine can be used in the treatment of the knee joint only after consultation with a doctor and as an addition to the main therapeutic program.

Absolutely no one is safe from an accidental fall, blow or any other injury. - one of the most common injuries, which, in turn, can be treated at home. The knee joint is one of the largest in human body. It acts as a kind of hinge that allows you to bend and straighten your leg. The joint includes the tibia, femur and patella.

It is very important to know what to do after a fall and how to provide first aid in order to relieve and eliminate other unpleasant symptoms. If measures, as such, were not taken, this is fraught with disastrous consequences in the future. That is why you should not ignore even the slightest bruises, since they can serve as the beginning of the development of serious ones.

Causes and types of injuries

In most cases, a knee joint injury occurs during a fall, tripping, or, for example, walking on a slippery surface or running. A traffic accident can cause a knee injury. One way or another, the main cause of injury is mechanical impact.

The injury can be complete or partial, with or without a bone fracture and dislocation.

What changes occur with a knee injury? A bruise is damage to the soft tissue of a certain area. When a knee joint is bruised, both the skin and subcutaneous tissue, as well as muscles, cartilage, ligaments and even blood vessels can be injured.

When the skin and tissue are damaged, the appearance of a wound surface is noted:

muscle fibers - intense pain and spasm appear;
ligaments – joint mobility is impaired;
cartilage – damage to the bone and joint is noted;
blood vessels - disruption of the knee joint occurs.

All this provokes the appearance of pain, discomfort, difficulty moving a limb, movement. If help was not provided on time, it may develop. Bone and cartilage are quite often involved in the inflammatory process, and as a result, development.

Symptoms and diagnosis of bruised knee joint

Manifestations of injury can be very diverse. In most cases, the pathology is characterized by:

Intense.
- accumulation of blood in the joint. This symptom can be expressed to varying degrees, but the severity of other symptoms will depend on it.
damaged area.
Blue skin in the area of the bruise.
Impaired joint mobility.

Swelling of the knee joint may indicate hemarthrosis, i.e. accumulation of blood in the joint cavity.

The area of the damaged area, the location of the injury, the force of impact on the tissue - all this will affect the severity of the symptoms.

A bruise is diagnosed based on examination and palpation of the affected area. Next, a diagnostic and treatment procedure is carried out, due to which the presence or absence of blood in the cavity is determined. In case of a knee injury, the following is prescribed:

radiography;
endoscopy.

First aid for a knee injury

First of all, you need to know what to do and how to properly provide first aid and eliminate pain. From how competently and timely the service was provided urgent Care, the functioning of the knee joint will depend.

Limit stress on the damaged area.
Apply ice or any other cold object to the affected area. This helps prevent swelling and relieve pain.
If the pain is intense and does not subside, you need to take a pill, for example, Ibuprofen or Analgin.
Next, you need to apply a tight bandage. If you don’t have a regular or medical bandage at hand, use another material. It is important to fix the joint, but so that the leg muscles are not damaged.
Lay the patient down and place a pillow under the injured knee joint. The leg should be higher than the body.

Treatment of trauma: main directions

The main goals of treatment include eliminating pain and swelling, preventing inflammation, and restoring knee function. For treatment, painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs, etc. are prescribed.

You can relieve pain with:

Oxygana;
Indomethacin.

Taking Pharmatron will also help restore the normal functioning of the knee after a bruise.

In case of injury, it would also be useful to use physiotherapeutic procedures, but only a week after the injury.

An important part of the rehabilitation treatment of a bruise is the use of exercise therapy. But this can only be done with the knowledge and prescription of the attending physician.

You need to start the lesson with warming up and stretching. Moreover, all exercises should be done at a calm pace.

Sit on the floor, reach your hands to your knees, and then to your toes.
Lie on your stomach and place a pillow under your sore leg. Make springy movements with your limb.
Sit on the edge of a chair, place the injured limb on the healthy one, and gradually, with effort, pull it back.
Lie down on the floor. Tie a weight to the ankle of the injured leg and bend the healthy leg at the knee. Slowly lift the weight ten centimeters from the floor. Hold the position for five seconds and relax.

Do all exercises seven to ten times. After stretching, you can begin more complex exercises.

ten-minute walk;
half squats - at least twenty times;
strength exercises (dumbbell push-ups in a lying position);
cycling - at least ten minutes.

As an addition to treatment, massage is prescribed, but not earlier than a week and a half after receiving the bruise.

Knee bruise: treatment at home with folk remedies

You can also treat an injury at home. Folk remedies are an addition to traditional treatment. Replacing some remedies with others or self-medicating is strictly prohibited, as you can harm yourself.

Herbal preparations made at home are effective and efficient. They help eliminate pain, swelling, and inflammation. Using folk remedies, you can significantly speed up your recovery. To treat a bruised knee joint, it is recommended to make compresses, prepare ointments and tinctures.

Take one medium-sized cabbage leaf, beat it a little to release the juice, and apply it to the sore knee joint. Secure the compress with a bandage. After an hour, replace the sheet with a fresh one. It is recommended to treat a bruise in this way until the condition improves.
Mix 20 g of dried, finely chopped wormwood with a small amount of Vaseline. Place the mixture in a preheated oven for several hours. Treat the sore spot with the prepared slightly cooled ointment at least three times a day. Duration of treatment – 10 days.
Mix honey and aloe pulp in equal proportions. Place the mixture on a linen napkin and apply to the damaged joint for three hours. It is necessary to treat the knee with a compress until pain and swelling are eliminated.
Combine chopped burdock rhizome with violet herb and veronica in equal quantities. Grind the ingredients and pour 30 g of the mixture with 0.5 liters of vodka. The composition should infuse overnight. Soak a gauze pad in the filtered tincture and apply to the bruise. Apply cellophane on top and secure the bandage with a bandage. The course of massage treatment is one and a half weeks.

Treating a child’s bruise with herbal medicines prepared at home can only be done with the permission of the attending physician.

Prevention

play sports, but do not put stress on your knees;
wear comfortable shoes with good arch support;
eat right and lead a healthy lifestyle;
stop wearing heels all the time.

If you fall or get hit, even minor, go to the hospital. Do not try to treat a bruise or relieve pain on your own. Remember: treatment with drugs that a neighbor or even a pharmacist recommended to you can cause disastrous consequences. A traumatologist can provide competent and qualified assistance.

A knee contusion is a common injury caused by a blow or fall. With severe injury, quite severe consequences can develop. Therefore, it is worth learning to recognize the symptoms characteristic of bruises and understand how to treat a knee bruise.

Clinical signs

A knee bruise from a fall is a soft tissue injury without compromising the integrity of the bone. You can injure your knee when you fall, as a result of an accident, during sports training, etc.

As a rule, a bruise can be accompanied by:

Swelling, changes in the size of the joint and disruption of its functionality.

Accumulation of synovial fluid in the joint cavity. This is how a characteristic tumor arises after a bruise, the appearance of which is due to increased synthesis of joint fluid in the area of the inner membrane. To eliminate the tumor, you will need to apply a bandage, cold compresses and other therapeutic measures.

Vascular damage - a traumatic factor affects the walls of blood vessels, which leads to their rupture. As a result, the victim develops extensive hematomas and internal hemorrhages, which is fraught with hemarthrosis - accumulation of blood in the cavity.

In general, according to traumatologists, patients with a knee bruise exhibit the following characteristic symptoms:

Knee pain is quite intense and sharp at the time of injury;

Violation of motor activity and normal functioning of the joint;

Hematomas and subcutaneous hemorrhages;

Swelling, increase in the size of the knee joint;

Redness of the skin in the area of injury.

A severe knee injury is accompanied by pronounced pain and joint deformation. The victim experiences swelling of the knee, caused by synovitis or hemarthrosis.

In most cases, with competent first aid, the symptoms of a bruise go away or at least noticeably decrease within 24 hours, however, when this does not happen, you must definitely go to the trauma department and see a doctor!

What is the danger?

The knee is a rather vulnerable area, most susceptible to various types of injuries. Unfortunately, the lack of timely assistance for a bruise or illiterate actions lead to various serious complications and impairment of joint functions.

Anterior view of knee contusion

Traumatologists identify the following most common consequences of a knee injury:

Cracks;

Fracture;

Meniscus tears;

Torsion of the knee ligament;

Atrophy of muscle groups of the lower limb;

Development of inflammatory processes;

Tendon rupture;

Internal hemorrhages;

Such complications require mandatory, timely provision of medical care, otherwise the results can be very disastrous, including the patient’s disability. Therefore, if the knee is very swollen and painful, and motor activity is significantly impaired, you should immediately seek advice from a qualified specialist.

How to help the victim?

What to do if you are injured? This question often arises among people who have experienced this type of traumatic injury. First aid for a knee injury is based on eliminating painful symptoms and preventing possible complications.

First of all, the injured limb must be provided with maximum rest. For these purposes, a fixing bandage is applied to the knee (it is best to use an elastic bandage, but any other available materials will do).

To reduce swelling, it is important to ensure blood flow away from the damaged joint. Therefore, it is recommended to raise the victim’s leg a little and place it on a slight elevation.

In addition, a cold compress or a heating pad with ice should be applied to the bruised joint. Moreover, it is advisable to carry out this manipulation within 15 minutes after receiving the injury. Otherwise, the knee may become very swollen and will have to be dealt with with the help of medications and physiotherapeutic methods.

In case of severe pain, you can give the victim an anesthetic. Sometimes bruises are accompanied by damage to the integrity of the skin. In such cases, it is necessary to stop the bleeding, treat the wound surface with an antiseptic solution in order to prevent the development of infectious processes, and only then apply a bandage.

Treatment methods

What to do if you bruise your knee? If the victim’s condition remains quite severe and painful symptoms do not go away or clinical signs characteristic of fractures and other serious injuries are present, the patient should be taken to a medical facility for diagnosis as soon as possible.

The attending physician will tell you how to treat a bruise, depending on the results obtained and the characteristics of the particular clinical case. As a rule, this type of traumatic injury does not require any special treatment. It is enough for the patient to temporarily limit the load on the injured joint; as a rule, a bandage is applied for this purpose.

The bruised area may hurt in the first days, so patients are often prescribed analgesics, warming ointments, which have an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Heparin ointment has a good effect, the action of which is aimed at resolving the tumor and eliminating the accumulation of blood in the joint cavity.

Chondroprotectors are used to quickly restore cartilage tissue. In more severe cases, corticosteroids and antibiotic drugs are prescribed, which should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor, strictly following the recommended dosage. If an x-ray reveals a fracture or cracked bone in the victim, a plaster cast is applied.

In case of severe hemarthrosis, the doctor performs a puncture of the joint, removing accumulated blood from it. In general, treatment at home involves maintaining rest, taking vitamin and mineral complexes to generally strengthen the body, and applying compresses.

Folk recipes

You can eliminate the painful symptoms of a bruise and speed up the process of tissue regeneration using traditional medicine:

Cabbage compress is great for swelling and hematomas. Simply mash the cabbage leaf a little, apply it to the knee joint area and secure with a bandage. It is best to do such procedures in the evening, before going to bed.

Curd compress - relieves swelling and relieves inflammation, helps eliminate pain. To achieve such results, you simply need to apply the cottage cheese to the damaged area, cover it with plastic wrap, and secure it with a bandage or adhesive plaster. The optimal exposure time is about half an hour.

A compress based on bodyaga is effective for extensive hematomas and subcutaneous hemorrhages. To prepare it, crushed bodyaga into powder is diluted with warm water until a paste-like consistency is obtained. The resulting mixture is applied to the bruise and left for half an hour. It is recommended to do such compresses daily.

In case of hemarthrosis, compresses prepared from an alcoholic infusion of white lily will also be very effective.

Application of the listed folk recipes Contraindicated in case of violations of the integrity of the skin, open wound surfaces.

Treating a knee bruise at home involves using doctor-prescribed medications and folk remedies. The most important thing for a successful recovery is to provide complete rest to the injured limb, minimizing any physical activity. During the rehabilitation period, it is recommended to practice massage and therapeutic exercises.

From this article you will learn: about treating a knee bruise at home. First aid, how to quickly help with a bruise and cure it, what to do at home. How to treat mild and moderate bruises, features and nuances of treatment if a severe knee bruise occurs.

Article publication date: 07/16/2019

Article updated date: 01/14/2020

The index finger should fit under the bandage so that the bandage does not impede blood circulation. Signs of this complication include numbness in the leg, tingling in the foot, and blue toes.

Applying a bandage to the knee. A, B - converging bandage, C - diverging.

On the first day after injury, you can use topical preparations with troxerutin (Troxevasin gel, Troxerutin ointment). They strengthen the walls of blood vessels and accelerate the resorption of edema, resulting in reduced compression of nerves and pain.

Click on photo to enlarge

It is recommended not to put any weight on the injured leg until the symptoms disappear.

Treating bruises at home

Mild and moderate uncomplicated bruises can be treated independently, without medical assistance.

Minor bruises

The first aid technique for mild bruises changes slightly.

Since bleeding from small capillaries (they are damaged by minor injuries) stops within 10–20 minutes, a tight bandage to compress damaged vessels is not needed.

Algorithm for providing assistance:

On the first day, ensure relative rest of the limb (limit even everyday movements, strong loads such as running and jumping are excluded), apply a cold compress (for 2–5 hours, depending on the size of the bruise).
Apply anti-inflammatory, analgesic local drugs (Diclofenac-gel), absorbable ointments (Troxerutin, Heparin) or combined agents (Dolobene) to the area of injury.
On day 3, start using irritating local drugs (Apizartron, Gevkamen) or warming compresses (vodka, alcohol) to speed up tissue healing.

Use local irritants until the bruise and other signs of injury completely disappear: Menovasin, Badyaga forte, Apizartron.

Click on photo to enlarge

Moderate bruises

Help for moderate bruises at home is provided according to the standard scheme (use of a tight bandage, complete immobilization of the limb), but with some nuances:

Apply a tight bandage immediately to stop bleeding (which, if large vessels are damaged, continues for up to a day). Then apply the bandage only when there is a load (for example, if the victim needs to get up or go somewhere), be sure to remove it at rest.
Start using decongestant ointments (Troxerutin) on the first day after injury (together with anti-inflammatory drugs with NSAIDs).
Use heparin-containing local medications (Heparin ointment) every other day (they reduce blood clotting, so immediately after an injury they can increase the hematoma).

Click on photo to enlarge

On days 3–5, start applying warming, locally irritating ointments (Apisatron, Dr. Theiss Arnica, Levomenthol) to the area of the hematoma (in addition to local remedies with NSAIDs) and use them until the bruise resolves.

If by the end of the first week the pain does not subside but becomes stronger, you should consult a traumatologist to rule out other joint injuries.

Treatment of severe bruises in a hospital, nuances

Severe bruises are treated only in a hospital due to complications such as:

hemarthrosis (accumulation of blood in a joint);
synovitis (inflammation of the joint membrane);
concomitant damage to the structures of the knee - ruptures of cartilage, ligaments, bone fractures.

Click on photo to enlarge

The scheme for providing care for severe bruises does not change. Here are the treatment methods in a hospital setting:

1) If blood accumulates in the joint cavity (hemarthrosis), a puncture is performed. If necessary, the procedure is repeated up to 3-4 times.

2) After extracting the liquid, antiseptics (to prevent the development of infectious complications) and Novocaine solution (has a rapid analgesic effect) are introduced into the capsule.

3) A plaster splint is applied to the leg (a removable plaster plate that is bandaged to the joint), ensuring immobility of the limb and preventing possible complications.

4) The patient is prescribed NSAIDs (Diclofenac, Voltaren), analgesics (Baralgin, Dexalgin) and absorbable agents (Troxerutin, Heparin ointment). Local remedies are combined with systemic medications (injections and tablets).

5) On days 5–7, when the symptoms of the bruise decrease, they begin to use locally irritating ointments (Capsicam, Espol) and physiotherapeutic procedures that improve blood circulation in the area of injury:

electrophoresis - administration of a drug through the skin using an electric current;
UHF – high-frequency magnetic field treatment;
Diadynamic therapy – exposure to electrical waves of variable frequency.

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After removing the plaster cast (after about 7 days), the patient is prescribed a set of rehabilitation physical therapy exercises.

Examples exercise therapy for the knee. Click on photo to enlarge

Some nuances of treating severe bruises

For persistent hemarthrosis and prolonged severe pain in the knee, lavage (washing of the joint) is performed.

The arthroscopic procedure is performed under local anesthesia:

the joint is washed with a sterile (saline) solution, getting rid of intra-articular bodies (cartilage fragments, blood clots), the breakdown of which provokes the inflammatory process;
stop bleeding from damaged vessels;
if necessary, treat the articular surfaces (remove and polish damaged areas of cartilage).

After the procedure, a plaster cast is applied to the joint (from 7 to 14 days), and restorative physiotherapy (UHF, diadynamic therapy) is prescribed. After removing the plaster - a set of exercise therapy exercises.

Folk remedies for bruises

Folk remedies will help speed up the tissue healing process. If physical treatments are not available, then home treatments will be a worthy substitute.

Recipes for folk remedies:

Compress with raw potato mixture. Grate 1 medium raw potato and lightly squeeze out excess liquid. Fold the mixture into gauze or bandage, gather the edges of the fabric and tie with thread (you should get a bag of potato mixture). Apply to the bruise every day for 1.5–2 hours until symptoms disappear completely (the potato mass can be used from the first day after the injury).
Absorbable ointment with plantain. Grind 5-6 washed plantain leaves in a meat grinder or blender, add 2 tbsp. l. heated sunflower oil, stir, cool. Apply the composition to the damaged area at night (under compress paper or food grade polyethylene) daily until pain and swelling disappear. The procedure can begin 3–5 days after the injury.
Warming vodka compress. Fold the gauze or bandage into 4–6 layers, soak the fabric in vodka, and lightly squeeze out the excess liquid. Apply the compress to the area of the bruise (for 2–3 hours), cover the top with compress paper or cling film, and insulate with a woolen cloth. Continue applying until the hematoma completely disappears. You can use a vodka compress 3–5 days after the injury.

Potato mass and plantain leaves. Click on photo to enlarge

Prognosis for recovery

The prognosis for a bruised knee joint is favorable - mild to moderate injuries without complications can be completely cured within 14 days in 100% of cases.

What to do if you bruise your knee

A knee bruise is a type of traumatic injury to anatomical structures located in the area of the knee joint, consisting of minimal disruption of their structure. In this case, the integrity of functionally significant tissues is not compromised. Pathological changes are represented by microcirculatory circulatory disorders, damage to small vessels with hemorrhages, compression of soft tissue and bone structures, and irritation of nerve endings. All these links form the clinical picture and symptoms of a knee injury: pain, swelling, bruising and hematomas of the injured area. This article is devoted to the basics of treating a knee injury and relieving the main symptoms.

Basic principles and directions of treatment

A competent approach to deciding how to treat a knee bruise should be based on blocking each of the links in the pathogenesis of this condition. The comprehensive treatment program includes:

Pain relief: local hypothermia; administration of painkillers; limb immobilization.
Reduction of edema: local hypothermia; anti-inflammatory drugs; local effects - ointment or gel with a decongestant effect; traditional medicine.
Restoration of damaged structures: local therapy with ointments; correct immobilization of the knee area; treatment with compresses and physiotherapy; ethnoscience.

Important to remember! Despite the fact that a bruised knee joint is not a serious problem, it is better to approach its treatment comprehensively. This will shorten recovery time and improve functional results in the long-term post-traumatic period!

Local hypothermia

Applying cold to the injured area for a bruised knee joint cannot cure the disease. But this is the first emergency event. Unfortunately, this is not always possible. Cold, by constricting blood vessels, slows down the progression of edema, reduces the flow of blood from the vascular space, and blocks pain receptors in the affected tissues. Ice, frozen and cold objects, and cold water compresses can provide adequate cold exposure. The duration of hypothermia in areas that hurt should not exceed 20-30 minutes. After this time, it is better to take a short break for 5-10 minutes and repeat the procedure.

Cooling the injured area is one of the most important medical care measures for a knee injury.

Limitation of movements

Any injury to the musculoskeletal system, including a knee bruise, requires providing the damaged segment with a state of functional rest. At each stage of treatment (first aid, basic therapy, rehabilitation therapy), the amount of immobilization of the knee joint varies. Limitation of mobility can be achieved in the following ways:

Important to remember! The range of motion of the affected joint should gradually expand: from complete immobility in the acute period of injury to full motor activity during the recovery period. Means for immobilization help to dose the volume of loads!. Fixing the knee joint in case of injury significantly reduces recovery time

Fixing the knee joint in case of injury significantly reduces recovery time

Drug therapy

A knee joint bruise is not so big problem, the treatment of which requires drug intervention. But in some cases you cannot do without it. This may be severe pain, widespread or local swelling (bump), extensive hematoma (bruise). IN complex treatment Such conditions should include the means given in the table.

Prevention

play sports, but do not put stress on your knees;
wear comfortable shoes with good arch support;
eat right and lead a healthy lifestyle;
stop wearing heels all the time.

Physiotherapy methods

After two to three days have passed since the injury, doctors prescribe physical therapy. Her methods are aimed at stopping the outpouring of blood, relieving pain, and the development of edema.

To eliminate pain in the treatment of knee joint bruises, the following are actively used:

Diadynamophoresis using local anesthetics. Prescribed from the second day after the injury. If cryopads are used, diadynamophoresis is carried out after 12–14 hours. In the treatment of bruises, the duration of procedures should not exceed 6 days, the daily number should not be more than 2.
Cryotherapy (local) - the cold factor reduces the degree of excitability of tactile and pain fibers and subsequently blocks their conductivity. Myorelaxation, which occurs 10 minutes after the procedure, reduces the activity of the pain syndrome. It is also aimed at stopping hemorrhage and the development of edema. During cryotherapy, cryoagents are actively used, with which tampons are moistened or small containers are filled and applied to the injured area. The duration of the procedure ranges from 1 to 4 hours;
Electrophoresis of anesthetics – helps reduce the excitability of pain sensitivity conductors. Each procedure takes from 15 to 20 minutes. Application is possible from 2 or 3 days after injury.

UHF therapy is a method that inhibits the activity of inflammatory mediators, promotes the expansion of capillaries, which has a positive effect on lymphatic drainage. Each procedure takes about 10–12 minutes. The entire course lasts 5–10 procedures.
Microwave therapy helps expand capillaries and increase their permeability. Due to this, decay products at the site of inflammation are more actively removed from the body.
Magnetotherapy increases the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and reduces the degree of vascular spasm in the area of impact.

Mechanism of development of bruise

As a result of the bruise, the integrity of the tissues located around the joint is compromised - skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue, muscles, blood vessels.

Damage to numerous blood vessels that penetrate soft fabrics knee, leads to poor circulation in the area of the bruise.

Large nerves and arteries located in the knee joint

Blood vessels are responsible for the rapid occurrence of swelling. The permeability of their walls increases, the liquid part of the blood enters the intercellular space, and swelling appears in the area of damage almost instantly.

The breakdown of dead cells of damaged tissues and blood causes the release of special substances (inflammatory mediators).
Immune cells (leukocytes, lymphocytes) are drawn to the site of damage.

This is how aseptic inflammation begins - non-purulent, without the participation of infectious pathogens.

At its earliest stages, microcirculation and metabolism temporarily increase in the area of damage. This provokes redness and an increase in local temperature in the area of the bruise.

Pain appears due to damage to the nerve endings that penetrate the soft tissues. It is saved because:

compression of nerves by swelling;
irritation by inflammatory mediators.

Blood from the ruptured vascular walls pours into the surrounding tissues, in this place the following are formed:

hematoma (a cavity filled with blood due to damage to large vessels);
bruising (blood flowing from small blood vessels evenly permeates the tissue).

Examination of a patient with a knee injury

Bleeding from damaged vessels can last from 10 minutes (if small vessels are damaged) to a day (if large vessels are ruptured).

Then blood clots form at the site of the rupture (blood cells stick together and close the damaged bed with a kind of “plug”), and the bleeding stops.

Sometimes (if the damage is severe) the vessels supplying the joint capsule may be damaged, in which case the blood flows directly into the cavity (hemarthrosis).

Symptoms of hemarthrosis of varying severity. Click on photo to enlarge

All these processes occur almost simultaneously, so pain, swelling, redness and heat appear very quickly.

A bruise or hematoma forms more slowly. They become visible within 24 hours after the victim falls or receives a blow to the joint area.

By this time, hemoglobin begins to break down and the bruise changes color (from red it becomes bluish-purple, and then brown).

Change in hematoma color over time

A mild bruise of the knee joint occurs with less severe symptoms than a severe one. It is often combined with other knee injuries - dislocations, bone fractures, ligament and meniscus tears.

What to do first

After an injury, it is not always possible to go to the hospital for help. Therefore, the first task is to ensure complete rest for the joint. Experts recommend:

Apply ice to the affected area. If it is not nearby, any other cold object will do. This action will prevent swelling and eliminate pain.
If the pain does not change in intensity towards lessening, take painkillers.
After a blow, a tight bandage helps a lot. A regular or elastic bandage is suitable for this. If they are not at hand, then use any other material. Try to fix your leg in such a way that the muscles are not damaged during this action.

When all steps are completed, place the patient on a bed or couch. A pillow is placed under the kneecap.

If severe pain is combined with an extensive hematoma of the knee joint, it is necessary to transport the patient to the hospital as soon as possible. This is due to the fact that the tumor occurs due to hemarthrosis. This is a disease where bleeding occurs in the kneecap.

In some situations, a hematoma on the knee leads to an increase in body temperature. The situation requires immediate medical attention, because otherwise the blood begins to saturate the cartilage, and the clots lead to severe inflammation.

Consequences

With a hematoma in the knee, as already noted, fluid accumulates. This leads to severe swelling and an increase in joint size. A mandatory measure is a plaster cast, which limits the possibility of knee movement as much as possible.

Complications include:

dislocation, crack in the knee;
ligament rupture;
meniscal damage;
bursitis.

It is impossible to predict when a knee injury will occur, so there are no preventive measures.

What to do if you bruise your knee

When a person receives an injury of this nature, first aid should be provided to the injured person in a timely manner so that no complications arise in the future. Depending on how correctly all the actions are performed, it depends on how quickly the damaged joint will recover and whether this will affect the ability to move normally.

So, the actions must be performed in strict order, quickly, clearly and as accurately as possible:

First of all, limit any stress on the knee joint. Apply any cold object, or even better ice, to the damaged area. This way, the swelling will not be as severe and the appearance of a hematoma can be avoided. If you have severe pain, you can use painkillers: analgin, ibuprofen or ketherol. If possible, you need to give an injection of diclofenac intramuscularly. Next, apply a very tight bandage to the sore joint. You can use any fabric or bandage, in this situation anything will do

It is very important to fix the joint and at the same time ensure that the person feels comfortable: the leg should not be too bent or straightened, the muscles should not tense too much. Lay the patient down so that the limb with the injured knee is on a slight elevation. After this, you need to take the person to the hospital or call an ambulance.

Immobilization

The first two to three days require complete rest. The less stress on the joint, the faster the healing process will go. Rehabilitation even for a mild injury will take 2-3 weeks. At first, it is better to use a regular bandage for the bandage, then you can switch to an elastic or knee support.

The knee joint is bandaged, starting from the upper third of the shin and gradually rising to the lower third of the thigh. Fix the limb in a comfortable half-bent position.

First aid

Often, first aid for a knee injury (especially correct diagnosis) can seriously affect the speed of healing of the injury. The first thing to do is apply a cold compress or ice to the injured area to prevent swelling from spreading to the entire knee. In this case, you cannot keep the ice for more than 20 minutes.

If the symptoms described by the victim correspond to the clinical picture of a bruise, proceed to step-by-step actions:

Stretch your knee with a medical bandage or elastic bandage so that the person does not feel excessive pressure on the injured knee. This will help reduce the load on the injured area.
Isolate the leg from all types of physical activity, giving the patient the opportunity to undergo rehabilitation in bed.
Using external pharmaceutical products, block inflammation and increased pain at the site of injury. You can use Ketonov, Finalgon and Nurofen.
To exclude the possibility that a severe knee bruise is associated with fractures or bone cracks, it is recommended that you undergo an examination by a traumatologist and have an ultrasound scan.
If the pain increases over time and ointments for the treatment of a knee bruise do not give positive results, then the degree of tissue damage is high and you should turn to physiotherapeutic treatment (ten procedures are enough for a complete recovery).
If the knee is swollen and a hematoma has formed, it is strictly forbidden to use heat compresses and warming agents for treatment, as this is a direct path to provoking inflammation.
If more than 3 days have passed since the injury and the injured area with the hematoma has become significantly lighter, you can begin heat therapy (compresses and hot baths).
If the hemorrhage under the skin does not go away, it is forbidden to rub the knee so as not to aggravate the situation with slow blood circulation.

Knee injuries - types

In modern medicine there is no classification of large joint injury. It is customary to distinguish between open and closed, acute and chronic injuries. Not everyone knows what types of knee injuries there are. They are usually divided into the following types:

bruises;
hemorrhages into the joint cavity;
various injuries to the menisci, patella, quadriceps femoris muscle;
damage to the joint capsule, tendon-ligamentous apparatus;
bone fractures inside the joint.

Main symptoms and causes of knee injury

Quite often you can find cases where a child has a knee bruise. This is due to the strong activity of children. In this case, the cause of the injury is a strong fall directly on the knee or a blow to it. There are cases where even the most ordinary jog can result in serious damage to the knee joint. You need to be especially careful in winter period when you can easily slip, and such impacts usually fall on the elbow or knee joints.

In addition, it is impossible to exclude too much deviation of the tibia, which can even lead to rupture or partial tear of the ligaments. Such cases are not uncommon among athletes who engage in active sports: football, basketball, parkour, and others.

The first symptom that occurs immediately after injury is severe, localized pain. Sometimes it is simply impossible to tolerate it. In addition, the knee immediately swells, and in the bruised area the skin may even change color. Edema occurs with hemorrhage and severe damage to blood vessels in this area of the limb.

Due to a bruised knee, a person cannot fully move, because every movement causes acute pain not only in the damaged area, but throughout the entire leg. If a person hits too hard, he may even lose consciousness due to shock.

Symptoms

A bruise must be distinguished from a dislocation, fracture and ligament rupture. In severe cases, it is necessary to see a doctor, take an x-ray and undergo surgical treatment. A severe injury to the knee may require surgical interventions: puncture, injections into the joint, and the use of potent medications. When a joint is injured, the following signs appear.

sharp pain, which then subsides a little, turns into a dull aching;
the knee swells. There is an influx of fluid into the joint capsule. In case of serious damage (bleeding into the joint), the size of the knee increases several times;
limitation of mobility. It is impossible to fully bend and straighten the leg; movements are painful.

You can distinguish a bruise from more serious injuries by the following signs:

the fracture is characterized by limitation of voluntary movements, severe pain, and very severe swelling. When the kneecap is fractured, its unnatural shape may be visible;
dislocation - disruption of the contours of the knee, low mobility of the joint. Often with bruises, the kneecap becomes displaced. the leg may be twisted at an uncharacteristic angle;
with a partial rupture of the ligaments, the picture is no different from a severe bruise. A medical examination and diagnosis will be required. The treatment is almost the same, only the rehabilitation period will be longer.

To exclude a fracture, dislocation, or ligament rupture, it is necessary to take an X-ray of the joint. Before contacting a doctor, the victim must be given first aid.

Knee bruise what to do and how to help

An effective way to functionally restore the articular parts of the kneecap is to apply ice. Wrap pieces of ice in a thin cloth and apply to the sore spot. This method of providing first aid will help relieve swelling and dull pain. However, it should be remembered that you need to keep the ice for no more than 10-15 minutes, in order to avoid hypothermia of the kneecap joints. If you don’t have ice on hand, then an ordinary cabbage leaf is quite suitable, which can also relieve swelling. In the future, it is necessary to apply an elastic bandage or a tight gauze bandage to the knee joint without pinching the muscle tissue. In case of severe swelling and extensive internal bleeding, which results in a knee bruise, treatment should be continued in a medical facility. Often, hemorrhage into the cavity of the knee joint causes hemarthrosis. A knee bruise resulting from the clinical manifestation of hemarthrosis is determined by a traumatologist after 2-3 hours from the moment of injury.

If the patient’s condition, after examination by a doctor, is satisfactory and does not require serious treatment, then after appropriate recommendations, recovery can be continued at home. There are many non-drug home treatment methods that will quickly restore the functional functioning of the damaged area of the lower limb.

An effective way to functionally restore the articular parts of the kneecap is to apply ice.

Physiotherapy at home

So, you have a knee injury. What to do to speed up recovery? At home, you can conduct a course of physiotherapy with paraffin. To do this, melt several regular candles without additives or flavors. Apply the plastic mass to the knee area, the temperature should be pleasantly hot. The frozen paraffin is wrapped in a thick cloth and the joint is heated until the mass cools. The procedure is carried out daily, the mixture can be used repeatedly.

It is useful to massage and self-massage the knee. If you have any physiotherapy devices at home (ultrasound, magnet, infrared irradiation), you can use them to warm up the knee according to the instructions.

Effective methods for treating knee bruises

Knee injury from a fall can be treated by following basic principles. When exposed, it is necessary to work in three directions at once:

Relieve pain.
Reduce swelling.
Restore damaged structures.

During treatment, you should try to minimize physical activity. Let the limb be in a semi-flexed position. Such an event will be relevant for any type of impact. It is possible to immobilize the knee joint using a splint. Both special medical devices and improvised means can be used as such.

Stability of the damaged area and reduction of swelling is possible using an elastic bandage. This effect should not be used in the acute period. It is better to use an alternative method of bandaging - the use of knee pads and orthoses.

Drug treatment

If you don’t know how to treat a knee injury, use various medications:

Painkillers (Analgin, Aspirin, Paracetamol). They lead to blocking the formation of substances that support the inflammatory process in damaged areas. When taking medications, not only pain, but also swelling decreases.
Anti-inflammatory ointments (Nimid, Fastum, Diklak). They have the same effect as tablets and injections with the same effect. But unlike such agents, they act locally. Can be used when a child’s knee has been bruised.
Local absorbable agents (Troxevasin, Lyogel). They not only reduce discomfort, but with constant use, the walls of blood vessels are strengthened. This stimulates rapid resorption of hematomas.

Physiotherapy

Many people have a question: what can be done when healing a knee bruise? Try to protect yourself from heavy loads. You need to start doing exercises with warming up and stretching. Do not increase the rhythm, as this leads to pain and discomfort:

Sit down on the floor. Start stretching your hands to your knees, and then reaching your toes.
Lie down on a hard surface. For comfort, place a pillow under your leg. Gently begin to make springy movements.
The next exercise is done while sitting on a chair. Place the injured leg on top of the healthy one. Now start pulling it back.

When the pain in the knee after a bruise has passed, you can use 10-minute walking, half-squats, various strength exercises and cycling as physical activity.

Treatment with traditional methods

To relieve painful symptoms, wormwood is used. To make it you will need leaves. They are rolled through a meat grinder, applied to the fabric and applied to the sore spot. The bandage should be renewed every hour until the pain subsides. But remember that in case of severe allergic reactions, this traditional method of treatment is contraindicated.

When a knee joint is bruised, the symptoms always include discomfort that persists for several days. A compress based on alcohol and honey will help get rid of it. They are mixed in a 1:1 ratio.

Knee injury - consequences

The main treatment for serious knee injury should be prescribed by a doctor. In this case, much will depend on the severity and type of injury to the knee ligaments. A specialist will be able to determine the time it will take to recover. It is important to remember that untreated or improperly treated knee injuries can cause relapses. In addition, increased sensitivity of the joint may occur.

As a result, the knee will always feel pain and discomfort, even with minor physical exertion. Another dangerous consequence is loss of stability and disruption of its functionality. Diseases that threaten to impair motor function may occur. One of the possible consequences of an untreated injury is lameness. To avoid the consequences of a knee joint injury, it is important to start treatment on time and follow all doctor’s instructions.

Treatment at home

Traditional medicine can be used in the treatment of the knee joint only after consultation with a doctor and as an addition to the main therapeutic program.

If the victim does not have swelling, treatment of a knee bruise at home can be carried out using a compress based on a medicinal decoction. 1 liter of water and 20 g of badyagi are heated over low heat for 20 minutes, after which the mixture is cooled. A cloth folded in several layers is moistened in the resulting solution and applied to the damaged area. The compress should not be used if the victim has abrasions and/or bruises.

Lotions with salt are also effective. You will need to dilute 100 g of salt in 2 liters of water, moisten a cloth in it and apply it to the site of the bruise. Salt draws out excess moisture, which contributes to the complete resorption of internal swelling.

The given recipes can be used for childhood injuries. There are formulations that are used only in adults: a vinegar-based compress has an anti-inflammatory effect. The workforce is prepared from vegetable oil, vinegar and water, taken in equal proportions (10 ml each). The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and applied to a thick cloth, which is placed on the knee, covered with cellophane or cling film on top. Everything is fixed with warm cloth. The compress should be kept for at least 4 hours and repeated after a 10-hour break.

A knee bruise occurs when a traumatic factor impacts the cup. In such a situation, we are talking about a closed injury, when the skin remains intact. The problem occurs in people of all ages. Athletes or children often seek medical attention for injuries. Due to the lack of treatment or the wrong home approach to it, cartilage deformation and loss of physical activity occur.

Folk remedies

There are several simple folk recipes that can be used as an addition to treatment:

An alcohol-drying compress will cool the knee and reduce pain and swelling. Gauze or bandage is moistened with vodka or diluted alcohol and applied to the bruise until the compress dries;
dressing with vinegar: mix 9% vinegar, water and vegetable oil one tablespoon at a time. The mixture is applied to the fabric, applied to the joint, covered with plastic wrap and bandaged;
iodine mesh: “paint” the knee with an alcohol solution of iodine, place the strips at a distance of about 1 cm. Use one day after the injury. Iodine has a mild irritant and anti-inflammatory effect.

If you are relaxing in nature and a knee injury occurs, treatment in the field can be started with herbs:

a fresh burdock leaf is moistened with water and applied for several hours;
crushed fresh wormwood will soothe pain and relieve swelling;
plantain leaves are crushed and an ointment of creamy consistency is made using pork fat;
Grate the core of a zucchini or cucumber and wrap this paste around your knee.

Medication method

Paracetamol

The painkiller has the fewest contraindications. The principle of action is based on blocking enzymes that are actively produced by the body in response to injury and cause pain.

Paracetamol is used in the treatment of adults and children with mandatory dosage adjustment. The drug is easily combined with other medications.

Ibuprofen

Ketanov

Side effects of the drug include attacks of nausea, abdominal pain, drowsiness, weakness of the body, and increased heart rate.

Diclofenac

The drug is presented on the pharmaceutical market in two forms - tablets and injection solution, which explains its widespread use in traumatology.

The active ingredients quickly eliminate pain, have an anti-inflammatory effect, and help eliminate swelling.

Contraindications for the use of Diclofenac are the third trimester of pregnancy and breastfeeding. The medicine may cause allergic reactions.

Uymisbol

Phlogenzyme

Reasons for who is at risk

The immediate cause of knee bruises is directed blows or contact with hard surfaces:

Fall (on ice, from a height, from a bicycle, from a skateboard, from roller skates).
Hit (with a hockey stick, with a soccer ball).

At risk:

athletes - track and field athletes, figure skaters, speed skaters, skiers, football players;
people leading an active lifestyle - lovers of extreme slopes, rollerblades, skateboards;
schoolchildren under 16 years of age in the summer (increased age-related activity and outdoor games lead to knee bruises in a child);
adults during winter ice;
women who prefer high-heeled shoes.

Click on photo to enlarge

Hop cones for a knee injury

Vinegar for a bruised knee

Arnica decoction

White clay

A knee injury is a very common injury in children and adults. With timely provision of first aid and proper treatment, recovery occurs quickly and without consequences. The knee is one of the most complex joints in the body. As a result of an impact with a hard object, during jumps, collisions, falls, both the joint capsule and the internal part - the menisci and internal ligaments, the cartilaginous surfaces of the bone - are injured. The meniscal ligaments are especially tender and vulnerable. With a strong impact, as a rule, they partially rupture. A knee bruise also occurs when the joint is dislocated or subluxated.

Preventive measures

There is no specific prevention of bruises. The main measure is to reduce the risk of injury, for which the following rules must be observed:

Before performing the main training exercises, always do a warm-up and stretching;
when playing sports, use protective equipment such as a helmet, knee pads, and elbow covers;
When performing exercises, follow the technique and take the correct positions to avoid muscle overstrain;
do not lift too heavy objects;
do not stand on chairs or ladders that are not very stable;
use a seat belt in vehicles;
work carefully with equipment during work;
monitor your weight;
use equipment for sports that matches your body parameters;
Be careful when walking during icy periods.

Knee bruise treatment at home

After receiving an injury, at the first stage of recovery, you should limit yourself from any physical activity. The use of various warming compresses and homemade ointments can be used a day after a knee joint injury. Here are a few recommended recipes to help quickly restore joint parts:

Recipe No. 1. Oregano and coltsfoot, 20 grams of each ingredient, should be thoroughly chopped and poured with 300 ml of vodka or diluted alcohol. Shaking the tincture periodically, keep it for three days in a dark place. After straining, the homemade potion is ready for use. Apply a compress to the affected area and, after wrapping the knee, leave overnight.
Recipe No. 2. Pour 100 grams of hop cones with vodka or alcohol; 300-400 ml of “fire” water will be enough. Leave for at least 48 hours in a dark place. Next, continue treatment according to the first prescription method.

Recipe No. 3. Fresh wormwood herb is ground to a mushy state and applied to the knee. This compress should be done daily, leaving the lubricated area for 3-5 hours. The only condition is the need to ensure that the paste does not dry out. It will be sufficient to periodically moisten the compress with warm water.
Recipe No. 4. The simplest way to bring vegetable oil and vinegar to a homogeneous mass. To do this you will need equal parts of vinegar, oil and water. 100 ml of each medicinal component is enough to prepare a compress.

Recipe No. 5. A tablespoon of burdock root, speedwell and violet, mixed with a liter of water and infused for at least a day. A compress of such medicines will quickly restore the functional activity of the knee joint.

In addition to the above methods traditional treatment If you bruise your kneecap, you can use the following home remedies:

Camphor alcohol - rub the bruised area daily before bed.
Bodyaga - stir a bag of dry raw materials in 150 ml of warm water and use as a lotion to relieve swelling.
Arnica decoction – use as a drink.

Sea salt - 50 grams of raw material must be dissolved per liter of water.
Honey and aloe leaves - a combination of these medicines, will relieve inflammation in the affected area of the lower limb.
Radish juice - excellent remedy with compression treatment.
White clay - stir 200 grams of medicinal raw materials with water until it becomes mushy. Use as a compress at least 5-6 times a day.

It is important to remember that when treating at home, a person should not experience discomfort. If the chosen treatment method does not bring relief, then you need to consult a specialized specialist again.

Another condition is the body’s reaction to certain medications. If after applying the medicine changes appear on the skin, you should immediately stop treatment and consult a doctor to find out the cause of this condition.

Take care of yourself and always be healthy!

A set of exercises for knee injuries

Exercise therapy is considered to be very effective for knee joint injuries. It is important to understand that heavy loads on the lower limbs should be prohibited. You can start with squats and lean on some surface. When working on your knees after an injury, you must be patient and follow a specific recovery training plan. All exercises should be performed daily.

This is the only way to pump up the muscles around the knee joint, which allow you to keep it in the required position and avoid damage in the future. The duration of each approach should not exceed ten minutes. For damage such as a knee joint injury, rehabilitation should be mandatory. Stretching exercises are also considered necessary here:

Sit on the floor.
Legs should be straight.
Gradually stretch your body forward.
Minor pain is normal here.
The exercise should be performed twice daily for no more than three minutes.

How to strengthen your knee after an injury?

Often an injured person is interested in how to strengthen their knees after an injury. Much will depend on the stage of recovery and the nature of the injury; the most useful, according to many experts, will be the following exercises:

hyperextension on two and one leg;
gluteal bridge with one leg supported on the floor;
fitball, medicine ball;
deadlift in different variations;
flexion of the lower leg in the simulator;
rise on toes.

Characteristics of a knee injury

A knee bruise is a very common injury that can be encountered today. Both adults and small children injure their knees. From a certain age, for every person, an injury of this nature becomes life-threatening and health-threatening.

Many may simply not understand that a knee injury is very dangerous, because a variety of complications can begin to develop, including damage to the kneecap. Or, several years after the injury, problems with full movement arise, and severe pain in the knee joint may be present. A huge disadvantage is the lack of any kind of prevention against bruises, but this problem can be solved with the help of timely and, most importantly, correct treatment.

Signs and symptoms of the condition

A severe knee injury is determined by the following symptomatic signs:

Firstly, a person feels a sharp pain in the knee joint, which manifests itself at the time of injury. A good sign that distinguishes a bruised knee joint from other traumatic conditions is fading pain. However, the pain syndrome may remind itself after attempting to make any movements with the lower limb.
The second symptomatic sign will be swelling and bruising (hematoma) at the site of the injury. This is due to the fact that a knee bruise can cause rupture of blood vessels.
The third sign will be limitation of movements. When extending and bending the knee joint, as well as when trying to lean on the leg, movement becomes limited or generally impossible.

With minor injuries, after some time, the person does not experience discomfort in his condition, and he restores all his musculoskeletal functions. However, in case of more serious injury, you should immediately provide first aid and contact a traumatologist. It cannot be ruled out that after an injury, cracks and fractures are possible, which are determined using X-ray examination.

Signs and symptoms of the condition

Severity of injury

When the kneecap is bruised, the main share of the damaging factor falls on soft tissues, which regenerate very quickly. But since the skin, fat and muscle layers here have minimal thickness, the bruise also affects bone tissue. Cartilage, vascular system and ligaments may be damaged.

Symptoms of bruise

Symptoms of a bruise are pronounced, so the victim can independently assess his feelings and make a preliminary diagnosis (which is extremely important in the matter of first aid).

pain in the knee, pronounced at the time of injury. If no associated injuries were received, the discomfort subsides. If the integrity of the epidermis is compromised, there will be a burning sensation and mild, aching pain;
Knee swelling occurs in 80 percent of cases. A slight swelling indicates damage to the soft tissues, but a rapidly “ripening” and large tumor is most likely associated with the filling of the articular cavity or intercellular space with blood;
degradation of motor function with a severe bruise is expressed in the fact that the victim cannot fully lean on the injured leg, straighten and bend it;
If, when the knee is damaged, the integrity of the vascular membrane is compromised, hemorrhage begins in the tissue, which subsequently leads to the formation of a hematoma. Small vessels will “bleed” for 5 to 20 minutes, and a large burst vessel will cause bleeding for a day or more. New hematomas have a bluish tint and after a few days change color to brown and grayish-yellow. The area where the hemorrhage is located may become very swollen.

Diagnostics

The doctor's initial task is to exclude a more serious pathology. The specialist must assess the condition of the kneecap and the articular ends of the femur, tibia and fibula. The most reliable diagnostic method is radiography.

The doctor is obliged to study the medical history and perform a clinical examination of the patient. This allows you to avoid spraining or tearing the ligaments.

The difficulty in diagnosing a bruise lies in the fact that fresh injuries have similar symptoms to a meniscal injury: severe pain and hemarthrosis. Meniscus tear on early stage characterized by the presence of nonspecific symptoms. MRI, ultrasound and arthroscopy help exclude this diagnosis. The listed diagnostic methods allow you to effectively assess the condition of soft periarticular tissues.

Knee injury what to do

It is necessary to do an ultrasound of the knee joint to rule out fractures and cracks in the bones.
The patient is recommended bed rest and complete absence of stress on the injured knee.
You can apply cold compresses for 2-3 days to quickly relieve bruising and swelling. Under no circumstances should you apply warm compresses - this can lead to inflammation and increase the hematoma.
Treatment of inflammation is carried out with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, both local and general use. An ointment can be used for a knee injury, for example, Diclofenac, Revmoxicam, Ortofen or Indomethacin. These drugs reduce the intensity of pain, the severity of swelling and hyperemia, and can also be used in the form of tablets for oral administration and injections.
Painkiller creams such as Finalgon, Nurofen, and Ketonov are used. To resolve the hematoma in the tissues or joint cavity, reduce swelling and inflammation, “Heparin ointment” or “Lioton” can be prescribed. An ointment with cinquefoil is effective.
Treatment may include chondroprotectors - means for restoring cartilage in the form of ointments or tablets "Teraflex", "Chondroitin".
Two days after the knee injury occurs, when the symptoms decrease and the hematoma becomes lighter in color, you can begin treatment with warm baths and compresses to resolve the swelling.
If the pain persists for more than 3-4 days, the doctor may prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures, for example, UHF therapy or electrophoresis, which help accelerate tissue recovery. Sometimes 10-15 procedures are enough.
If blood accumulates in the joint cavity, a puncture or puncture is prescribed, with the help of which the blood is removed, swelling is eliminated and pain is reduced.
Treatment with special gymnastics will help completely restore the function of the joint. In this case, you should increase the load gradually; swimming in the pool is very useful.

Ointments for joints

An effective method of treating a knee bruise is the local use of medications in the form of ointments and compresses. Conventionally, all pharmaceutical ointments can be divided into several groups:

improving microcirculation in tissues: “Troxevasin”, “Traumel”. These drugs can be used immediately after injury and throughout the recovery period;
anti-inflammatory: “Indomethacin”, “Diclofenac”, “Diklak”, “Ketonal”;
warming: “Fastum gel”, “Camphor ointment”, “Analgos”, “Apizartron”, “Viprosal”, “Finalgon”. It is not recommended to use them during periods of acute edema;

complex ointments containing several components. For example, "Indovazin". It contains indomethacin and troxevasin.

Fixation of the knee joint as part of therapy

Immobilizing splint - splint

Traditionally, immobilization for bruises is carried out using a plaster splint and splint. They cover the leg from the inside, limiting the knee from performing its flexion function.

Depending on the degree of damage, the following immobilization agents are used:

Fabric circular elastic knee pad- an example of the simplest bandage. It is most often made from natural fabrics. Despite the simple design of the product, all components of the joint are securely fixed, while ensuring minimal mobility. The orthopedic device has a warming effect - if, due to a severe bruise, the knee is swollen, the removal of swelling takes a long time, during which it cannot be heated.
Neoprene knee brace– is popular among traumatologists as an alternative to a plaster splint. Velcro straps make the knee pad a universal device that allows you to adjust the degree of fixation;
Orthoses– a modernized version of circular bandages. Most often, manufacturers supply them with additional fixing devices: side plates, silicone inserts.
Splints- devices that provide fairly rigid fixation, like a plaster cast. The main difference and advantage of splints is that you can perform a limited but sufficient range of movements in the device. Due to this, the duration of the rehabilitation period is significantly reduced.

Which means of immobilizing a bruised knee to choose is decided solely by the doctor, based on the results of the examination.

Physiotherapy

Therapeutic exercises should be performed in a lying or sitting position. The range of motion in the knee joint gradually increases. Then increase the tempo and number of repetitions. It is very important to remember that large loads on the joint in the form of squats, jumps and others are unacceptable. After two or three weeks, movements in the joint are supplemented with exercises on simulators (exercises on block machines are effective) along with cryomassage.

Hydrokinesitherapy, which consists of exercises in water and swimming, leads to a good therapeutic effect.

Massage

The massage is carried out according to the following method. First, reflexogenic zones (lumbar or cervicothoracic) are massaged. Then they begin to massage the muscles located above and below the bruised joint using kneading techniques. Stroking is carried out on the joint itself. If muscle atrophy is severe, the following massage techniques are absolutely unacceptable:

Vigorous rubbing causes an increase in effusion in the joint, that is, synovitis. The massage lasts 10-15 minutes. One course is equal to 15-20 sessions.

Treatment procedures in combination with medications usually give good results, achieving a complete cure. However, in the future, before intense loads, competitions, increased activity of the legs and traumatic activities, the knees should be protected with the help of special braces, knee pads, and fixing bandages (elastic bandages).

Source beautinails.ru

Determining the degree of knee injury

A victim with symptoms of a knee bruise must be taken to the traumatology department to exclude serious deformations of the components of this part of the leg.

For moving, a comfortable position of the lower extremities is ensured to prevent additional knee injury during transportation. It is advisable to apply a tight bandage to fix the joint.
Apply cold to the injury site. At home, you can use frozen food or a cloth soaked in cold water. Outside, you can use a bottle of cold water from any store refrigerator.
Rinse open abrasions with clean water, and if hydrogen peroxide is present, treat the wounds with the liquid to prevent infection.
Severe pain can be relieved with any painkiller, but it is better to first be examined by a traumatologist.

Diagnosing the severity of a knee injury due to a fall does not take much time. The doctor performs the following manipulations:

Questioning the patient about the circumstances of the fall and his sensations in the knee area and general well-being;
Inspecting the site of the bruise, determining the damage by palpation and performing some movements for flexion and extension of the knee;
The victim may be asked to take several steps to determine the possibility of damage not only to soft tissue, but also to ligaments, cartilage, and bone elements;
If internal deformities are suspected, radiography is prescribed.

After a complete examination, the traumatologist selects a treatment regimen for the victim and sends him home or to the hospital if there are complications that require only hospital treatment. But such situations with a knee injury are rare and patients recover at home, visiting a traumatologist after a certain time to assess the dynamics of recovery.

An effective remedy for severe injuries

It's easy to heal bruises if you have effective medicine. Ointments quickly relieve pain.
The speed of recovery depends on the quality of the drug and the characteristics of the victim.

Medicine provides a huge selection of effective ointments for severe bruises. There are cheap and expensive drugs that help heal the damage to the same extent.

Let's look at some of them:

Deep Relief;
Fastum-gel;
Rescuer;
Ketanol;
Lavenum;
Dolobene;
Indovazin;
Finalgon (warming effect);
Nicoflex.

But you should not self-medicate if you have a severe bruise. Contact a traumatologist who will examine the site of the injury and determine the severity.

Pathological causes

The easiest way to explain the appearance of bruises on the knees is a lack of vitamins. Some of them are responsible for the elasticity of vascular walls, others for the quality of the blood. If you discover characteristic skin defects, doctors recommend changing your diet and including more foods that contain the following microelements.

Vitamin "K". Responsible for blood clotting. There is a lot of it in green vegetables and salad leaves. With a shortage or excess of such a microelement, hypovitaminosis develops. It causes the appearance of pinpoint hemorrhages. You can also find them on your knees.
Vitamin "PP". Normalizes the functioning of the vascular system. This is why nicotinic acid is included in therapeutic regimens used to treat heart disease. There is a lot of it in beef liver, milk and fish, in cheeses and eggs. Including these foods in the diet of a sick person helps get rid of bruises on the knees.
Vitamin C". Responsible for the elasticity of the walls of hollow tubes. Deficiency leads to fragility of blood vessels. A lot of vitamin is found in all citrus fruits, cabbage, and sweet bell peppers.

Varicose veins

Among women common cause The appearance of bruises under the knees is caused by varicose veins.

It’s easy to recognize its symptoms yourself:

First, a characteristic vascular network appears on the skin. It occurs when small capillaries due to stagnation venous blood begin to become inflamed.
The skin over the lesion becomes dry, flaky and very itchy.
Patients feel a strong pulsation of the veins under the knee and are bothered by a burning sensation.
At rest, the lower limbs may experience cramps.
When walking, your legs get tired quickly.
Swollen, inflamed veins tend to twist.
Disruption of normal blood flow leads to the formation of swelling of the legs below the knees.
The walls of the veins lose their elasticity, bleeding occurs, which leads to the formation of large hematomas.
The process of palpating the affected areas causes severe pain. It intensifies with any movement.

An experienced doctor can determine the severity of the disease by the nature of the pain. If it becomes continuous, you need to seek help from a phlebrologist. The presence of such a symptom indicates thrombus formation.

Treatment of varicose veins begins with identifying the cause of its development and eliminating the provoking factor of the pathology. Various triggers can give impetus to blood flow disturbances. These include genetic predisposition, prolonged sedentary lifestyle, and work that requires constant standing. Varicose veins often develop in pregnant women, in people who are overweight or have hormonal imbalances.

You can eliminate symptoms by using compression hosiery, using medications that help eliminate pain, relieve swelling and inflammation, increase the tone of the vein walls, thin the blood and dissolve seals. In advanced cases, the choice of minimally invasive and surgical methods for eliminating damaged areas of veins becomes justified.

Hemorrhagic diathesis

Most often it affects children at an early age. Pathology belongs to the category of vascular diseases that develop after infections. Often, inflammation of the walls of capillaries, veins, veins and arteries occurs as a complication. The patient's body temperature rises, he is bothered by severe chills, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Small bruises appear on the skin of the lower extremities. Treatment with hormonal drugs helps to quickly stop clinical manifestations and prevent the occurrence of unwanted complications.

Oncological processes

Bruises on the knees that appear without injuries or bruises may indicate the progression of a malignant blood disease (leukemia). Its course causes a decrease in all the constituent elements of biological fluid. A lack of platelets causes the blood to stop clotting. Any minor damage to the skin leads to hemorrhages. In this case, bruises appear not only on the knees, but also on other parts of the body.

Leukemia has other indirect symptoms. The patient always has a slight increase in body temperature (up to 37.5 degrees), he constantly feels tired and complains of general malaise. Very often he is tormented by infectious diseases. Clinical laboratory tests and sternal puncture can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for blood oncologists is carried out with chemotherapy.

Liver failure

A healthy liver produces substances that affect blood clotting. Any inflammatory processes in this organ worsens the process, so it becomes possible for small hematomas to appear on the legs. Problems with the liver can be noticed by certain symptoms: the skin becomes jaundiced and begins to itch unbearably. Confirming fears helps biochemical analysis blood and ultrasound. Liver diseases that cause the development of inflammatory reactions are treated with hepatoprotectors and a restrictive diet. The patient is advised to give up fried, salty, spicy foods, alcohol and smoking.

Connective tissue diseases

Such pathologies belong to systemic diseases. It has many forms of manifestation. Each may be based on inflammatory reactions or autoimmune disruptions, as well as excessive fibrosis formation.

Such ailments include:

lupus erythematosus;
scleroderma;
diffuse fasciitis;
dermatomyositis;
Sjögren's syndrome;
Sharp's disease;
relapsing polychondritis;
polymyalgia rheumatica;
rheumatoid arthritis;
systemic vasculitis.

Each pathology can cause bruises on the knees. The etiology of the symptom is determined using instrumental and laboratory tests. Their decoding allows us to develop and effective tactics treatment.

Treatment of injury

How to treat a knee injury? After the diagnosis has been established, it is necessary to begin treatment, which is carried out in a special institution and consists of a step-by-step organization of medical care.

If ligaments are damaged or fractured, long-term immobilization of the injured leg is required. You can use a plaster bandage for this. Immobilization using plaster is desirable for cracks, fractures and non-displaced fractures.

Restoration of bone fragments

Restoration of fragments is carried out simultaneously, in case of deformation of the patella with transverse, transverse-oblique planes. Secondary comparison is not possible for such injuries. Reduction is carried out under complete anesthesia or general anesthesia. After restoration of the debris, the affected leg is fixed in a plaster cast for a period of two months.

Pull

If the bone fragments have an oblique angle of fracture, then after restoration of the structure it is impossible to immobilize the leg with a plaster cast. Therefore, skeletal traction or external fixation rod structures are used to restore bone tissue.

Surgical intervention

An operation may be prescribed if it is necessary to compare the anatomical structure and functionality of the damaged knees. Much bone destruction in a closed fracture cannot be compared.

Surgical intervention is prescribed for the treatment of traumatic destructions characterized by rupture of the ligaments of the knee joint, severe displacement of a bone fragment, fragmentation of the knee cap, or other instabilities of the knee and the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment.

Modern medicine uses minimally invasive therapy to treat torn ligaments, meniscus or other injuries. Two or three small incisions are made on the cup, through which the adhesion of fragments and scraps of blood vessels is carried out. During the operation, special endoscopic instruments are used to visualize the process occurring in the kneecaps.

Using Badyaga 911 ointment

This product can be purchased at almost any pharmacy. Badyaga ointment costs only about 80-100 rubles. per tube. When using it, bruises under the eyes (or anywhere else) resulting from an impact actually go away quite quickly. When using Badyagi, the hematoma can become less noticeable literally the next day.

This ointment removes bruises quite well. But the effectiveness of its action directly depends on how correctly it is used. You should apply Badyaga to a bruise at least 5-7 times a day. You should not skip such procedures.

Sometimes this product is also sold in powder form. To remove a bruise, this “Badyaga” simply needs to be diluted with clean water to a paste and used in the same way as an ointment.

If for some reason you cannot find Badyaga on sale, you can replace this ointment with some gel containing the substance arginine. A product from this group, Sengara, for example, helps very well against bruises.

Why is a bruise in the knee area dangerous?

If the injured leg is not treated promptly, the victim may develop serious complications that negatively affect his quality of life. The consequences of damage may be as follows:

deformation of cartilage tissue;
deterioration in the functioning of the limb;
amyotrophy;
inflammatory processes in tendons;
formation of internal hematomas;
twisting of ligaments.

A knee injury can hide fractures and cracks in bone structures, as well as meniscus tears.

Primary sources of information, scientific materials on the topic

Traumatology and orthopedics, textbook. Kornilov N. F. Elective version, section: “Bruises of the knee joint.”
First medical aid, textbook. Buyanov V. M. Electronic version, section: “First aid for damage to soft tissues, joints and bones.”
First aid for injuries, accidents and some diseases. Bulay I.P.El. option, section: “Bruises”.
Fundamentals of medical knowledge. Artyunina G. P. El. option, section: “Pre-hospital emergency care, bruises.”
Large encyclopedia of paramedics and nurses. Avdienko I.V., el. option, sections: wounds, bruises, sprains, dislocations, fractures.
Island of health, Notebook obstetrician-gynecologist Tatyana Andreevna Markun.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation measures are necessary after a long stay of the leg in a cast, as well as after operations.

therapeutic exercises;
massage treatments;
physiotherapy;
gentle regime of physical activity;
sometimes - medications (chondroprotectors that protect cartilage: Dona, Structum, Elbona; as well as NSAIDs that prevent inflammation: Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Piroxicam).

Examples of exercise therapy exercises for rehabilitation of the knee joint. Click on photo to enlarge

Characteristic symptoms

People often confuse a knee bruise with a regular dislocation. However, it is worth noting that when a knee joint is bruised, the symptoms are pronounced, and it is impossible to confuse them with other types of injuries. As they say, every person is obligated to know these symptoms in person.

So, the main signs of a knee injury:

Very sharp pain. The injury received by a person may be minor and not cause harm to health. There is no need to worry too much if the pain subsides after a short time. This suggests that there is nothing serious about the damage. If the pain intensity increases and there are some signs of complications, you should sound the alarm. For example, severe redness may indicate joint destruction. In some cases, the pain is unbearable, causing the person to lose consciousness.
Presence of a tumor. In case of a bruise, swelling and swelling are observed at the site of injury, accompanied by pain. The bruise site may swell if a certain amount of fluid accumulates in the cavity of the damaged joint. This condition is possible due to hemorrhage, as a result of which the size of the joint increases significantly.
Impaired mobility of the knee joint. It is by this sign that a person can accurately determine whether he has a bruise. Restricted mobility after injury – main feature, distinguishing this type of injury from others.

Effective folk recipes

If a person has at least 1-2 days left to get rid of a bruise on his face, many home remedies can be used:

A thoroughly pounded onion, combined with 20 g of table salt and wrapped in cloth, placed on the bruised area, causes the bruise to resolve in a matter of hours. It is recommended to repeat this compress 2-3 times a day. It is recommended to prepare a new compress each time.
The most effective remedy has long been cabbage or plantain leaves - thoroughly washed and beaten with a culinary hammer, they effectively eliminate the consequences of a local injury - a bruise.
Combine equal amounts of grated beets and buckwheat honey. Apply a generous layer over the damaged area of the dermis. After a minute, rinse everything thoroughly with heated liquid. Repeat procedures 3-4 times a day.
Apply a thick mixture of starch diluted with distilled water to the hematoma site for several hours. An effective remedy will help eliminate the problem in literally 1-2 days.
Another highly effective compress that provides quick relief is made from iodine (4-5 drops), apple cider vinegar(30 ml) and salt (20 g). Mix all components thoroughly and apply a compress to the desired area of the dermis. An effective remedy even for brown-purple bruises.

We suggest you read: Up to what age is polio dangerous? Recommendations from experts

How to treat hemarthrosis

If a hematoma appears after a knee injury, the first action should be to provide complete rest to the leg. For this purpose it is necessary to apply a plaster cast. Apply ice or a heating pad filled with ice water to your knee. Then you need to call an ambulance for further transportation to the hospital.

Cauterization of bleeding vessels using electric current.
MRI or ultrasound diagnostics.
An injection into the damaged area to pump out fluid and relieve pain.
Antibiotics will also be prescribed to prevent the development of a bacterial infection (intramuscular injection).
Arthroscopy will be performed.
The doctor will apply a plaster cast or a tight bandage to secure the joint.
Glucocorticosteroid injections will be prescribed (intramuscular injection)
The doctor will require you to avoid relying on the affected limb. You will need to use a stick or crutches when walking.
An injection will be made into the joint capsule to pump out blood and wash the damaged area.
If the hematoma is caused by hemophilia, immediately after hospitalization an intramuscular injection of a hemostatic agent will be given, and subsequently a blood transfusion will be required.
If the patient is diagnosed with chronic hemarthrosis, he will be prescribed surgical intervention with further installation of an endoprosthesis.
After the patient is discharged and the cast is removed, he will be prescribed physical therapy and wearing a special knee support brace. Such rehabilitation will last about six months.

Physiotherapy

Approximately a week after the joint injury, you can begin physiotherapeutic methods. UHF therapy gives good results. It is conducted in courses. To obtain the desired effect, 1015 courses are carried out. In addition to UHF, dynamic current electrotherapy is also used.

Thanks to the therapeutic effects of physiotherapeutic procedures on damaged tissues, their accelerated regeneration occurs.

Rehabilitation

After about ten days, the patient will be able to perform active movements under the supervision of a specialist. From this time on, you can begin therapeutic massage and physical exercise.

After treatment procedures, rehabilitation does not take much time, depending on the severity of the injury. Typically, symptoms disappear after two to three weeks. Only the hematoma remains very pronounced for some time. But gradually it disappears too.

Types of injuries

Name of knee injury	Possible causes, risk factors
Injury	Direct contact with a hard surface - impact, fall from the height of your own body
	Tucking the shin outward
	Tucking the shin to the inside
	Flexion and extension of the knee under load with a large amplitude during sports activity (sprinting, bench press) Complex movement, for example, turning the hip when the lower leg is motionless, striking directly to the knee Commonly found in runners, hockey players, wrestlers, figure skaters
Injury to the patellar ligament	Bending the knee sharply if the thigh muscles are tense Kick, jumping The last stage of tendonitis of the patellar tendon (the disease occurs with constant increased loads on the joint) Chronic diseases that weaken the ligament (rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus)
	Sudden flexion of the shin if the thigh muscles are tight Hitting your feet on a hard surface
	Strong physical activity Landing when jumping from height to feet Severe stage of knee arthrosis
Patella fracture	Falling with a blow to the front of the knee (sometimes even from one’s own height)
Fractures of the condyles of the femur or tibia (condyles are thickenings of the bone on which muscles are attached)	Falls from height Accidents or other traumatic situations

Anatomical structure knee Click on photo to enlarge

Medical intervention

A knee injury may require surgery and other medical procedures:

Puncture – puncture of the bursa and suction of accumulated fluid.
Prescribing injections into the joint of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: analgin, voltaren, indomethacin.
UHF – therapy, electrophoresis.

If you have injured your knee, apply a cold compress with ice for 20-30 minutes, then bandage the joint tightly. To rule out serious damage, it is better to consult a doctor. The specialist will conduct the necessary diagnostics and prescribe appropriate treatment. In any case, stay in bed and use warming and anti-inflammatory ointments. Remember that the knee is a very complex and vulnerable joint, so poorly treated injuries can subsequently be complicated by various diseases.

Source www.syl.ru

Damage to the soft tissue in the knee area can occur as a result of a fall or blow. Doctors classify bruises as minor injuries, for the treatment of which they use ointments. The best of them have effective healing properties. The prescription of drugs depends on the prevailing symptoms.

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If the injury occurred on the street, and the bruised limb is severely limited in movement, you should call an ambulance. In the meantime, until the doctors arrive, you need to sit down somewhere and raise your injured leg higher. This will reduce blood flow.

Cold compress

Then you should apply a cold compress to the bruised area. Thanks to this measure, the hematoma and swelling will decrease, and the pain will subside. After all, cooling the bruise site is known as a classic method of pain relief. Cold causes narrowing of small vessels, which helps reduce the scale of internal hemorrhage.

Anesthesia

If the pain does not go away, you should take an anti-inflammatory pain reliever, for example, analgin, oxygan, ketanov and other non-steroidal drugs.

Pressure bandage

To reduce bleeding and swelling, be sure to apply a pressure bandage. For this purpose you need to use an elastic bandage. Meanwhile, in the first minutes of providing assistance, it is permissible to use a regular bandage, items of clothing (shirts, scarves) or pieces of elastic fabric. Before applying a bandage, the injured leg should be positioned comfortably and all muscles should be checked for relaxation.

When applying a bandage, you first need to grab the upper third of the shin layer by layer. Each layer goes up and then down. A new turn of the bandage is applied so that it covers one third of the previous one. After applying the bandage, the leg should be raised by placing a soft object under it, for example, an ottoman or a pillow.

If fluid appears in the joint, the limb must be fixed with a plaster cast, which is applied from the ankle joint to the top of the thigh. The bandage should be present until the fluid disappears.

Outpatient treatment concerns minor bruises that are not accompanied by a large accumulation of blood. A serious injury with hemarthrosis requires the patient to be taken to the hospital. Before this, first aid is to immobilize the limb from the toes to the upper thigh. This is done by a transport bus. The patient is placed on a stretcher and sent to the hospital.

Therapeutic measures

Primary care consists of:

in protecting the joint from stress;
in pain relief;
in applying cold to the bruised area;
in applying a pressure bandage;
in giving the limb an elevated position.

Proper treatment at the very beginning of a bruise greatly influences the effectiveness of further recovery. That is why there is no time to waste, but immediately begin treatment measures.

Rest and peace

Therapeutic measures should be started immediately after the injury. First of all, it is necessary to provide rest to the victim in order to protect the injured joint from stress. The diseased joint must be protected not only from active, but also from passive movements.

Treatment of bruises according to traditional medicine recipes

Knee bruises can be treated with ointments that you can prepare yourself. There are a huge number of folk recipes for ointments that effectively relieve the symptoms accompanying a knee injury.

To prepare the ointment, mix pureed plantain leaves with pork fat until you get the consistency of sour cream. This ointment significantly relieves pain.
According to another recipe, you need to steam the stems of cinquefoil, boil semolina porridge and mix everything. This mixture is applied to the sore knee and wrapped in a warm cloth.
Also good action A tincture of wild rosemary flowers has an effect on the joint. It should be rubbed into the knee twice a day.
Fresh wormwood is an excellent healer for bruises. You need to prepare a paste from its herbs and pass this mass through a meat grinder. Then it is applied to the bruised joint and covered with a bandage. Change until the pain goes away.

Restorative procedures

The objectives of therapeutic exercises and massage are:

activation of local lymph and blood circulation;
pain reduction;
increased metabolism in the bruised area;
resorption of hematomas;
stimulation of tissue regeneration;
restoration of range of motion in joints;
restoration of muscle function;
formation of temporary compensation for lost functions.

Sports ointments for bruises

Bruises, bruises, and swelling are inextricably linked with the activities of athletes. Depending on the type of injury, ointments with a warming or cooling effect and anti-inflammatory are used. In case of injury to an athlete, medications help speed up tissue regeneration and restoration, reduce the rate of swelling, restore blood circulation, and reduce pain.

The ointment does not contain specific substances used only for athletes.

Components:

Salicylic acid, known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties;
Ketoprofen, whose effect is similar to salicylic acid;
Ibuprofen;
Heparin;
Diclofenac;
Bee or snake venom;
Menthol;
Camphor.

All these components included in the ointment for athletes have an anti-inflammatory effect, penetrate deeply into the skin, improving blood circulation and removing substances that cause pain from the body.

Ointments used against bruises do not have any effect on the functioning or condition of internal organs. All products are characterized by a low level of absorption and localization of active substances in the area of injury. When applying the product as indicated in the instructions for use, it cannot enter the bloodstream. This happened, the drug is excreted in the urine.

Essence of the question

Probably, before considering the main symptoms of damage to the knee joint, it is worth considering in detail what a bruise is and what actually happens when the knee is severely injured.
A bruise is an injury in which soft tissue is damaged in a particular area of the body. If bone tissue is injured, of course, its regeneration will take much longer, but soft tissue will also require serious treatment. Let's look at why next.

A severely injured knee joint involves destruction of the following soft tissues:

Subcutaneous tissue. Often, with any injury, the integrity of the skin is also affected, but in some cases this does not happen.
Muscle. This is a very interesting fact, but it turns out that when a serious injury occurs, the muscles also suffer. With severe damage, muscle tissue overstrain or spasm occurs. In other words, pain occurs.
Ligaments. The joint ligaments are especially affected, and as a result it is very difficult for a person to move.
Cartilage. Sometimes cartilage tissue is also damaged, which, as is known, plays a certain role as a shock absorber in the human body.
Vessels. When a large vessel ruptures, blood can accumulate in it, which disrupts its normal functioning.

Thus, a severe knee bruise is a serious injury that should be taken seriously in order to avoid possible aggravating consequences. Firstly, soft tissues, cartilage and muscles suffer, which together leads to limitation of normal movement. Secondly, in the absence of adequate and timely treatment, severe inflammation of the damaged areas is possible.

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Herbal lotions and compresses against bruises

No less effective in the fight against bruises are herbal lotions and compresses, which should be used almost immediately after receiving a bruise.

Take wild rosemary and coltsfoot in equal quantities (1 tablespoon each), after which the composition should be poured with a glass of water. The mixture is placed on the stove and boiled for 5 minutes. After the specified time, the composition is removed from the heat and left to steep well, then filtered. Then lotions are applied to the bruised area at intervals of 2–3 hours.

Wormwood grass has a lot of positive qualities and helps to quickly get rid of bruises. You need to take wormwood and grind it in a mortar. Wormwood juice should appear, soak clean gauze or bandage in it and apply to the injured area of skin.

From mountain arnica and hot water an infusion is made, which is used for lotions. The ingredients are taken in the following ratios - per 3 tbsp. l. water 1 tbsp. l. arnica However, you can use such a remedy only if you need to remove a bruise, but there are no wounds or scratches on the skin.

Take 2 tsp. viburnum bark, 1 tbsp. l. aloe, 1 tsp. celandine. All components are mixed and poured with a glass of hot water, after which the broth is left for 30 minutes to infuse well.

After the specified time, the infusion must be filtered, after which gauze or a bandage is soaked in the liquid and applied to the problem area. The compress is left on the skin until it loses temperature and cools completely.

If the bruise is located in the eye area, flax seeds will help quickly get rid of this unpleasant problem. Ground flax seeds are placed in a linen bag. Then the bag is placed in boiling water, after which it must be applied to the problem area until its contents have completely cooled.

An iodine grid is drawn on the problem area and left. As a result, more accelerated healing of injured tissue occurs.

Badyagi powder will help you quickly get rid of bruises, which can be purchased today at almost any pharmacy. This remedy is the most affordable and most effective for the treatment of bruises and bruises, since in a relatively short period of time it makes it possible to completely get rid of their manifestations.

To prepare the miraculous mixture, you will need to take bodyaga powder (2 tbsp) and dissolve it in warm water (1 tbsp). The composition is mixed well to form a paste-like mass of homogeneous consistency, which is immediately applied to the problem area.

The mixture is applied like a simple cosmetic mask. That is why, after completing this procedure, you need to wash your face with warm water. During the day you need to do at least two such compresses and soon the bruise will completely disappear.

The remedies listed above help get rid of bruises quickly and easily. The advantages of these methods include not only maximum efficiency, but also the fact that they can be used independently at home.

Thanks to a fairly large selection, everyone will be able to determine the most optimal option for themselves. If you properly treat weak blood vessels, abrasions and bruises, you can get rid of such minor troubles forever.

Modern medicinal ointments can also be used to eliminate bruises, but not all of them are completely safe. That is why, before using such products, you must always consult a doctor so as not to accidentally harm yourself or aggravate the situation.

General information

Pain.
Mobility disorders.
Swelling.
Swelling - sometimes.

If these symptoms occur, you should provide first aid to the victim (or yourself) and contact a traumatologist.

Name of knee injury	Symptoms
Injury	Sharp pain immediately after the blow Gradually it becomes aching, low-intensity, but very intrusive Pain increases during physical activity and when the knee is touched Hematoma is also possible Sometimes, against the background of a bruise, synovitis develops - inflammation of the synovial bursa of the knee
Medial ligament injury	Severe pain during the injury itself In the future - swelling, pain when touching the injured knee, active movements involving the knee joint, especially if the lower leg is tilted outward
Damage to the lateral ligament	With sprains and tears - pain in the knee, especially in its outer part, limited movement, swelling, increased pain when the tibia deviates to the inside When a rupture occurs, too much mobility of the joint is added to the listed symptoms.
Cruciate ligament injury	High-intensity pain, clicking (if the anterior cruciate ligament is torn; if the posterior cruciate ligament is injured, it is usually absent) In the future: instability of the joint, hyperextension, pain and feeling of instability when walking, swelling, increase in the size of the joint With an old injury, the instability of the functioning of the joint is preserved, and frequent dislocations occur.
Damage to the patellar ligament	Pain, click In the future: pain and increased sensitivity in the knee, the joint is not able to fully straighten, it can “fall through” when walking, the kneecap moves upward as its fastening is disrupted
Quadriceps tendon rupture	Sharp pain, swelling just above the knee, which quickly increases. In the future: pain of moderate intensity just above the knee, limited knee movements, inability to walk normally
Meniscus injuries (tears, tears, flattening)	In the first time after injury: pain, swelling, limitation of movement After 2–3 weeks: periodic blockade of the joint (impossibility of movement), pain when walking down the stairs, staying in the lotus position, rotating the shin if the leg is bent at the knee Against the background of injury to the meniscus, synovitis often develops - inflammation of the synovial bursa, which is accompanied by the accumulation of fluid.
Patella fracture	Immediately after the fracture: severe pain, increasing swelling In the future: the patient cannot stand on his leg normally (intense pain occurs), cannot support his raised straight leg.
Fractures of the femoral or tibia condyles	Acute pain, severe swelling Deformation of the knee joint, inability to move it

Knee joint injury is one of the most common injuries, due to the high load on this segment and its anatomical features. Most injuries are minor, occur at home (for example, falling on the street) and are subject to outpatient treatment in an emergency room. In addition, the knee joint often suffers during exercise. various types sports, while the severity and nature of injuries can vary greatly.

Less common in traumatology are knee injuries as a result of falls from a height, road traffic injuries, and work-related injuries. In such cases, the percentage of intra-articular fractures with disruption of the integrity of the joint structures increases. Treatment is usually carried out in a trauma department. Combinations with other injuries are possible: traumatic brain injury, fractures of the trunk and limbs, as well as ruptures of hollow and parenchymal organs.

Knee injuries

We treat bruises and injuries

During the treatment of traumatic bruises, hyperemic ointments and drugs with an anti-inflammatory effect are used for prevention:

Mobilat;
Brufen;
Hirudoid.

Before applying the medication, the severity of the injury must be determined.

If the bruise is serious, then you need to use only the gel for several days:

Hirudoid;
Troxevasin-gel;
Opinogel.

Then resort to warming ointments for sprains and bruises:

Slonts;
Reinevrol;
Capsoderm;
Dolpic;
Nicoflex.

They must be applied with massage movements and secured with a bandage. The drugs are used for a soothing, relaxing effect on the damaged area.

Bruised finger

Even a small bruise of a finger or nail is accompanied by severe pain. The fingers of the limbs have more pain receptors than the surface of the shoulders, torso, and ankle. Therefore, the ointment for a bruised finger should contain an anesthetic component, even if there is no noticeable swelling, redness or hematoma.

Common injuries in children include pinching of a finger and injury to a nail in doorways. For a minor bruise of the nail, an ointment with an analgesic and anticoagulating effect (Finalgon) is needed, or alternate use of several ointments (heparin and turpentine).

Note: it is possible to treat a bruised nail with external ointments with an anticoagulating or warming effect if there are no external skin lesions or open wounds. Otherwise, these compounds cannot be used.

Now let’s give examples of the compositions and effects of the most popular ointments for bruises and bruises - Heparin, Lyoton, Troxevasin.

Ointment for bruises of the back and shoulder

Back and shoulder bruises are not as dangerous as rib bruises. They do not have the potential to damage lung tissue. Therefore even strong blows in the shoulder area with large hematomas can be treated at home.

Using ointment for a shoulder injury speeds up healing, reduces swelling and reduces pain. You can apply two compositions in turn with an interval of 1 hour. For example, Heparin ointment to dissolve a blood clot. And after a while - warming turpentine ointment. A shoulder bruise can affect quite deep tissues. In this case, effective and potent agents are needed to treat it - Troxevasin gel, Indomethacin or Finalgon.

Sudden (acute) injuries

This is the most common type of damage. Sudden injuries result from direct impact to the knee, twisting of the leg, or excessive bending. Unpleasant symptoms appear immediately after a knee injury and result in severe pain, swelling and bruising, some of which can be quite serious. In addition to the above symptoms, acute knee injuries cause weakness, numbness, tremors in the legs, coldness and bluish skin.

As for the typology of injuries, experts identify the following types of knee injuries:

sprains of ligaments and tendons;
rupture of ligaments or rubber-like linings of the joint (meniscus);
cracks in the kneecap, fractures;
dislocation of the kneecap;
knee dislocation

Clinical signs of severe contusion of the knee (ICD code 10) or elbow

The main symptom of these injuries is clearly localized and very severe pain, aggravated by palpation. Other signs include redness (often a characteristic discoloration due to hemorrhage), limited mobility, localized fever, and severe swelling.

A bruised nose is usually characterized by local bleeding and swelling.

Bruise - injury to subcutaneous tissue

Bruise – damage to soft tissue (subcutaneous tissue, muscles, periosteum). As a rule, as a result of a bruise, those tissues that are located closer to the bones suffer the most (they are pressed against a hard surface and receive more severe damage). Bruises appear due to blows and falls.

Often bruises are accompanied by internal hemorrhage and the appearance of bruises (hematomas). Blood effusion occurs at the site of soft tissue injury, and can form a bruise visible from the outside (visible blue-violet spot) or be limited to swelling (if the hemorrhage occurs deep enough and the blue spot does not come to the surface). Also, with minor bruises, small local hemorrhages are possible, which do not form visible blue spots (hematomas) and quickly resolve in the bloodstream. In this case, swelling does not occur, and the pain goes away within a few hours after the injury.

If the blow was strong enough, a noticeable hematoma has formed, then the site of the bruise swells, increases in size, and hurts.

Note: a bruise differs from a fracture in the absence of anatomical damage. In general, the tissues have slight violations of integrity. But bones and cartilage are not affected.

As a result of a bruise, the following forms in the tissues:

edema;
accumulation of blood (hematoma);
slight inflammation.

Treatment of bruises includes the following measures:

Peace- to reduce pain. If the bruise is located near a joint, it is fixed with a bandage. If possible, move the injured limb less.
External ointments for bruises– to reduce swelling, resolve bruises and reduce inflammation.

Symptoms confirming a bruise and not a fracture in the knee

The circumstances of a knee injury are very varied and always unexpected. It is impossible to prepare for such a situation in advance, because a person is not initially set up to fall. Some victims do not even seek help from the hospital if the fall was soft and not from a great height. Adults fall to their knees a little less often than children of preschool and school age, because the movements are mostly measured, unhurried, and an adult evaluates the surface on which he is moving.

Children are more careless in this matter and are always running somewhere, climbing, not paying attention to obstacles or unevenness of the road. They stumble and fall, but get up and run on. There may be abrasions on the knees, but if there is no open wound, the child quickly forgets about what happened.

For an adult, every fall on your feet can be more dangerous, because in addition to bruising the upper layer of skin, the deep layers of the knee joint (muscles, ligaments, tendons, fat layer, cartilage tissue) are injured. Damage to bone tissue is possible, up to a fracture or dislocation in the knee joint due to an unsuccessful fall.

A person gets up in the heat of the moment, without thinking about the scale of the injury, which may manifest itself after some time in the form of complications. You should always pay attention to symptoms that indicate the severity of the injury - bruise or fracture.

When you bruise your knee, the following symptoms are relevant:

Mild injury - redness of the skin at the site of impact, a minor abrasion if the knee was not covered with clothing and the fall was on a hard surface. After a few hours, a hematoma may form if the blood capillaries located in the surface layer of the epidermis are damaged. Minor pain in the first minutes after the injury.
Moderate degree - pain in the knee, hematoma formation, slight swelling is acceptable due to injury to the deeper muscle layers supporting the knee joint. When moving, the victim limps, which is a protective reaction of the body to relieve tension from the sore area. The entire load is transferred to the healthy leg if the fall was on one knee. If both legs are simultaneously bruised, the person moves on slightly bent limbs.
Severe degree - when trying to get up, the victim experiences severe pain, cannot bend or straighten the legs to full strength at the knee area. An open wound, extensive hematoma, redness of the skin, swelling is determined not only by palpation, but also visually. In some cases, the body temperature in the knee joint increases, which is determined by touch when compared with other parts of the leg. The patient cannot walk independently due to severe pain.

The listed symptoms indicate a bruise, but it is impossible to tell what damage is inside during the initial examination. Therefore, one should not neglect contacting a traumatologist if there is a moderate or severe injury, in order to exclude a fracture or dislocation in the knee joint, which requires special treatment measures

Diagnosis of a bruise of the knee or elbow joint

When making a diagnosis, it is imperative to conduct an x-ray examination (in two projections) to exclude more serious injuries (fractures, ligamentous ruptures or injuries to the joint capsule, etc.). Palpation examination in most cases is uninformative due to severe swelling and pronounced pain.

If the nose is bruised, it is important to exclude a fracture, which can subsequently cause a cosmetic defect and impair nasal breathing.

The most famous medicines for bruises, contusions, swelling

It is allowed to independently provide first aid to relieve pain using ointment for injuries.
There are some cases that encourage self-medication:

If pain occurs only when pressing on the injured area.
If the swelling is not severe.
If the skin is not damaged.
If the hematoma does not spread and goes away in a couple of weeks.

The most effective medications are in gel form; it is quickly absorbed into the skin.

It is allowed to use several mild drugs with different effects simultaneously:

Anti-inflammatory drugs.
Ointments Express bruise, Bruise-off, Indovazin.
Warming and healing agents.
Ointments for swelling:
Troxevasin;
Badyaga.