Types of dentures: what are the best dentures. What are dentures All types of dental prosthetics

A beautiful smile is the result proper care for the oral cavity and regular check-ups at the dentist. However, teeth are not always saved. Even if you had to remove a molar or incisor, the problem can be solved. Dentistry offers different kinds prosthetics, characterized by durability, ease of maintenance and prices.

Why install a prosthesis?

When removing the incisor, no one even thinks about leaving everything as it is. Absence anterior tooth- it's not aesthetically pleasing. In addition, there are serious problems with speech. Without a tooth, a person begins to lisp. But with the removal of molars, difficulties may arise. Not everyone is in a hurry to install a prosthesis in its place. What for? After all, the problem is not noticeable to others. And the absence of a tooth does not affect speech in any way.

If a tooth has been extracted, prosthetics must be performed! The types of prostheses can be chosen inexpensively, so you should not be afraid of large financial costs. But the absence of a tooth will sooner or later lead to health problems. The danger is primarily gastrointestinal tract. If the food is not chewed completely, the stomach experiences an increased load, there is a risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcer.

In addition, in the absence of even one tooth, over time, the jaw begins to deform, the face becomes asymmetrical. Therefore, immediately after the removal of the molar, it is worth discussing with the dentist which types of prosthetics are best to choose in a particular case.

Removable prosthetics

If we consider all types of prosthetics, then this option is the least preferable. Many people immediately imagine false teeth, which are stored at night in a container with a special liquid. In fact, removable dentures can be made on one or more teeth. First of all, they perform an aesthetic function. If one incisor is removed, a removable prosthesis will be made by the dentist for the duration of the gum tightening - the so-called "butterfly". A complete tooth cannot be replaced in this way. Materials for such prostheses are used short-lived.

If a large number of teeth are missing, lamellar types of prosthetics can be used. These are the same "false jaws" known to many. This is the least expensive way to restore the dentition. Such prostheses are made of high quality materials and do not fall out when using special fixing creams.

Fixed dental prosthetics

These types of dentures are the most popular among most people. Reviews of experts show that recently there are a huge number of techniques that allow you to restore the dentition with the slightest loss to health. At the same time, molars substitutes fully perform the functions of chewing and do not differ from the original outwardly.

The advantage is that they are installed for a long period. After a simple surgical intervention, the patient can lead a full life for more than 10 years. You will only have to visit the dentist once every six months for the next examination. Fixed dentures can be installed on the gum, and on a depulped tooth with defects.

Clasp prostheses

Various types of dental prosthetics are offered in the capital. Moscow is a city where people with different incomes live. However, not everyone can afford expensive dental services. Dentures on special arched structures (clasp) are an excellent option for those who want to restore the dentition with minimal cost. Artificial teeth are attached to a special metal frame, allowing you to fully replace the lost molars.

Byugel can be attributed to the category of removable prosthetics. The advantage is that tooth replacements are more securely attached. Types of prosthetics with special clasps (hooks that cling to healthy teeth) are popular. However, there are also disadvantages. For those with a wide smile, clasps may be noticeable.

Reviews show that clasp types of prosthetics are gaining more and more popularity. Photos of the results of the work of dental clinics speak for themselves. When smiling, it is almost impossible to distinguish dentures from healthy teeth.

cermet

If the tooth has deteriorated or had to be removed altogether, most specialists will offer various options for restoring the dentition. What type of dentures is best? Those who want to get a durable result should pay attention to ceramic-metal structures. These are prostheses that are made by the method of spraying ceramics onto a metal case. Artificial teeth are virtually indistinguishable from real ones. Moreover, they will be strong enough and will be able to perform the function of chewing.

Modern dental cermet is an excellent hypoallergenic material that does not harm the body. The only downside is that the material oxidizes over time, and the color of the teeth may change. Many complain about the appearance of a dark rim at the base of the gums a few years after the installation of the prosthesis. There will be no trouble if all-ceramics are used for the teeth that are visible when smiling. This is a more expensive material, which is of high quality.

Despite durability, metal ceramic crowns need to be replaced 10-12 years after installation. Those who seek to install prostheses for the rest of their lives are mistaken. Over time, structures lose their strength, become loose.

Microprosthetics

Any qualified dentist will do everything to save a damaged tooth, not to remove it. Microscopic prosthetics are being adopted. Types (which one is better, it is difficult to judge) of such restoration of the dentition are different. It all depends on the degree of damage to the molars or incisors. If the tooth is damaged from the outside, special tabs are used. In the event that there are defects in the incisor in the smile zone, veneers are used.

The work uses porcelain or composite plates, which are attached to the tooth with a special heavy-duty fixing material. In work, internal overlays are used quite rarely, since not everyone seeks to hide tooth defects that are invisible to others. But veneers are very popular. Unfortunately, such prosthetics has its contraindications. Veneers are not suitable for people with malocclusion, as well as if the teeth are sufficiently destroyed. In this case, they will offer metal-ceramic crowns.

Bridges

Inexpensive and quickly restore the beauty of a smile allows dental bridges. Types (which prosthesis is suitable in a particular case) will be described by the dentist at the first consultation. A bridge can be made on one or more teeth. The least expensive are soldered prostheses, which are made from single ones. Such prosthetics are currently used only in public clinics. Private institutions refuse brazed crowns due to the fragility of the design.

One-piece cast bridges are more preferred. An error in manufacturing is completely eliminated if the measurements are performed correctly by the dentist. As a result, the patient receives a prosthesis that fits perfectly under the bite. Most often, a high-quality cobalt-chromium alloy is used for manufacturing, which can last at least 10 years. At the request of the patient, ceramic-coated bridges can be made.

Conditionally removable prosthetics

An inexpensive way to restore the beauty of a smile is conditionally removable prosthetics. Types of prostheses (reviews about them can be heard mostly positive) from this group are different. More preferable is the option that involves fastening to the abutment teeth with special metal paws. firmly in the jaw. Along with this, they can be easily removed by the dentist if necessary.

Removable dentures can be made from various materials. It can be cermet or metal-plastic. Available with and without gum mask. Significantly different cost certain types conditionally removable prostheses.

Dental implants

Restoration of teeth with implants is the most durable option for restoring health oral cavity and the beauty of a smile. The technology involves the implantation of special hypoallergenic metal pins into the gum, on which the crown is subsequently attached. The advantage is that such a design is installed once in a lifetime. Periodically, only the prostheses themselves (crowns attached to the pin) can change.

Dental implantation is performed in several stages. After installing the pin, a period of restoration of the damaged gum follows. It can be installed which performs purely aesthetic functions. Only after 2-3 months, when the gum is completely restored, a permanent crown made of ceramic or metal-ceramic is put on the pin.

A huge disadvantage of dental implants is the cost of the service. On average, for the entire procedure, you will have to pay from 20 to 50 thousand rubles (the price of one implant).

With the help of implants, lost teeth can be completely restored. In this case, you will have to install only 4 implants on the upper and mandible. High quality bridge structures will be put on artificial titanium roots.

What type of prosthetics to choose?

If we talk about the complete absence of a tooth, of course, implantation will be the most preferable option. The procedure allows you to completely replace the lost molar or incisor without affecting the adjacent teeth. After all, bridges, for example, require the removal of the pulp in the supporting molars. Without a blood supply, teeth gradually decay. The disadvantage of implantation is the high price. Not everyone can afford to pay even 30 thousand rubles to install one design.

Removable dentures are considered the least durable. Specialists use this option for temporary restoration of the dentition. It is impossible to use such structures for a long time.

Bridge prosthetics is a good option for those who want to restore the dentition with minimal financial costs. However, you should be prepared for the fact that after 10-15 years the prosthesis will have to be replaced.

How to care for "artificial" teeth?

Dentures, like natural teeth, need proper care. neglect simple rules hygiene leads to a reduction in the service life of installed structures. Artificial teeth, which are securely fixed in the oral cavity, can be cleaned using ordinary toothpaste. The material under the influence of alkali and fluorine does not deteriorate, does not oxidize.

Removable dentures require special attention. Once a day, the structure must be removed from the oral cavity and treated with a special antiseptic solution purchased at a pharmacy.

Dental prosthetics in Moscow

Almost every dental clinic offers dental prosthetics. Types, which prosthesis to choose in a particular case, how much the procedure will cost - all this information can be clarified at the first consultation.

The most popular clinics in the capital, according to reviews, include:

Center for private dentistry "Doctor Levin".
Private Dentistry Center
Professional dental clinic on the Arbat.
Dental center "Dentaljaz".
Dentistry "Ladent".

Tooth loss occurs in both childhood and adulthood. The cause of the condition can be serious injuries or dental diseases in an advanced stage. The loss of one unit negatively affects the aesthetic appearance of a person, not to mention partial or complete adentia.

In dentistry, the integrity of a smile is restored with the help of dentures. There are different types of dentures, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Tasks of dentures

Dental prosthetics refers to the partial or complete restoration of their functions. Broken or fallen teeth are replaced with artificial elements that cope with their task no worse than natural units.

The task of the structures is to evenly distribute the chewing load between different parts of the jaw. The absence of one or more elements leads to improper functioning of the jaw structures and the displacement of the remaining units into an incorrect anatomical position. Violation of the bite negatively affects the appearance of a person, changing the proportions of his face and jaw.

Orthodontists offer patients the restoration of one or more elements of the dentition. Bite correction is possible even with total absence teeth. The choice of the optimal design takes into account the age of the patients and its individual characteristics, as well as the severity of the problem.

Indications and contraindications for installation

Prosthetics are indicated in the following cases:

with significant destruction of the tooth crown by a carious process;
with a complete loss of units of the row;
with a slight destruction of the elements.

There are no absolute contraindications to the procedure. The doctor selects the best option for implantation, taking into account the wishes of the patient and the goals of orthodontic treatment.

Types of structures

What types of prosthetics are there? Designs for partial and complete prosthetics are divided into products of a removable and non-removable type. The first types of prostheses are preferred with complete adentia. Designs are fixed in the oral cavity with the help of special plates.

Complete adentia - loss of all elements of the dentition

Fixed prosthetics is indicated for the destruction of part of the tooth and the loss of one or more elements. Devices are installed for a certain period of time and are easily removed from the oral cavity without the help of a specialist.

Another type of prosthetics is implantation. An implant is placed in the jawbone to replace the root of the tooth. It is impossible to remove the system without the help of a specialist. This method of correction allows not only to make up for the aesthetic defect, but also to restore the functionality of the jaw.

Removable dentures classification

Removable prosthetics are necessary to restore all or most of the destroyed tooth crowns. Devices are often prescribed for older people. Removable products are used to restore the bite without turning the teeth.

The photo shows designs of a removable type.

Removable dentures are divided into 2 types of products: full and partial.

Complete removable dentures

The system is a plate covering the entire dentition. They are fixed in the oral cavity with suction cups. Products facilitate the intake and chewing of food, but have many disadvantages:

discomfort while wearing;
change in diction;
friction on the mucous membranes of the mouth;
food restrictions;
the need for constant care.

Removable structures are classified depending on the material from which they were made:

Plastic . Acrylic is used in the manufacture of the system. They are used for both full and partial adentia. In the first case, the design is held in the mouth due to the suction effect or closing valve. With partial loss of teeth, systems based on a plastic base are used, from which metal hooks extend. To restore the front teeth, a “butterfly” design is used, which is invisible to others. The duration of use of plastic structures is 3-4 years. The service life varies depending on the rate of dystrophic changes in the jaw structures. With proper care and good condition of bone tissue, products can be used for up to 5 years.
Bulgelnye. Unlike other designs, bulgel prostheses have a metal frame, due to which the size of the plastic base is reduced. The device is fixed in the oral cavity in two ways: with the help of fasteners and clasps. The last type of fasteners has an aesthetic drawback: when falling out of the smile zone, the clasps become visible to others. Lock fasteners or attachments are attached to crowns mounted on abutment teeth. When fixing the product in the oral cavity, the locks snap into place, and the product is firmly held on the teeth.
Nylon . Products have their pros and cons compared to acrylic and bulgel prostheses. The advantages include aesthetic characteristics, and the disadvantages: long-term addiction and the impossibility of fully chewing food.

Bulgel prostheses are considered the most popular for the correction of bite pathologies.

Partially removable dentures

Whole crowns serve as a support for partially removable dentures. They are placed in the oral cavity temporarily, before permanent implants are made. Designs are made of nylon or plastic and attached to the teeth with a clasp.

The classification of products depending on the material is presented in the table:

Type of prosthesis	Peculiarities
Lamellar	Made from metal or plastic. Applied in rare cases due to the inadequacy of the system. Benefits - affordable price
Bulgelny	It is used for edentulous jaws and with partial loss of elements. There are splinting types of devices that are installed in patients with periodontal disease. The main goal of the bulgel models is the uniform distribution of the chewing load.
Partial bulgel	It is fixed on the supporting elements and is made of plastic materials.
Silicone	They are made of modern transparent materials, due to which the prostheses become invisible in the oral cavity. If the system breaks down, it cannot be repaired.
Conditionally removable	It is used to correct defects in single elements. The design is fixed on the neighboring problematic teeth
Immetad prosthesis	It is installed in the oral cavity during the manufacture of a permanent prosthesis. If necessary, the system can be removed from the mouth and inserted into place

Removable and partially removable structures are made in laboratory conditions using computer technology. Due to this, the designs correspond to the individual parameters of the structure of the patient's teeth.

Types of fixed products

A fixed prosthesis cannot be removed from the oral cavity without the help of a specialist. Products are intended for permanent or temporary wear. The chewing load is transferred to the artificial teeth, and not to the gums.

One of the methods of non-removable dental prosthetics is ceramic-metal crowns. They are highly durable and can last more than 15 years.

Another option for restoring a damaged tooth is the installation of metal-free crowns. Products are made of porcelain materials, so it is almost impossible to distinguish an artificial tooth from a real one.

Indications for fixed prosthetics include:

restoration of the integrity of the dentition in the absence of 1-2 elements;
destruction of the unit by the carious process;
increased abrasion of enamel;
the need to give the smile its original whiteness;
damage to elements as a result of traumatic factors.

Detailed characteristics of permanent type products are presented in the table:

The most common type of fixed dentures is a crown. The product is made in laboratory conditions, since for its snug fit to the tooth tissue, the necessary proportions must be observed. Popular materials for creating crowns are porcelain and zirconium. Porcelain construction has high aesthetic qualities, but is unstable to mechanical stress. Products from zirconium differ in the strengthened durability and durability.

Veneers are used as an independent method of correcting dental problems or to secure other orthodontic structures.

Occlusion correction for patients who are missing one or more teeth is performed with dental bridges. Products are attached to the oral cavity in several ways: based on the preserved units and based on the implant. In the first case, the bridge is installed on the patient's teeth. Before that, they are turned under the crown. In the second case, the structure is attached to the implants screwed in and accustomed in the oral cavity.

Prosthetics can be performed using an adhesive bridge structure. The method is used to replace one lost unit with a prosthesis attached to adjacent teeth.

Small ledges are made on adjacent elements to secure a structure made of composite or fiberglass materials. The method of prosthetics is optimal for restoring the anterior and lateral teeth, which do not have the main chewing load. The disadvantage of adhesive prosthetics is a high risk of developing caries of the elements on which the structure is fixed.

Implants are divided into removable and conditionally removable. Devices are made from materials that are most convenient to implant in the gum tissue. Titanium, ceramics and zirconium have such characteristics.

Indications for dental prosthetics using implants:

the absence of a unit in a row;
loss of chewing teeth;
lack of supports for bridge prosthetics;
the impossibility of installing other structures of a non-removable type.

A conditionally removable implant has a significant drawback - the lack of reliable fastening due to the lack of an end support. But such a design can be removed from the oral cavity, cleaned and washed.

Implantation is the implantation of metal pins in place of the tooth root. After engraftment of the pin, dental prosthetics crown part of the tooth

Implants come with a lifetime warranty, but not every patient can afford the procedure. For example, the restoration of the entire dentition will cost 2 million rubles.

The cost of prostheses

Each patient can choose for himself the appropriate method of correcting teeth, based on his financial situation. The price of a dental service depends on: the type of material from which the prosthesis is made; full or partial prosthetics; difficulties dental work; manufacturer.

The price of removable structures for the correction of one jaw is from 8,000 rubles. Prostheses made of acrylic materials cost from 20,000 rubles, and bulgel ones - from 40,000 rubles.

Prices for fixed structures also vary depending on the material:

ceramic - from 14,000 rubles;
cermet - from 6000 rubles;
zirconium - from 250,000 rubles;
bridge on the tabs - from 10,000 rubles;
bridge on implants - from 16,000 rubles;
veneers - from 5000 rubles;
implants from 10,000 rubles.

Criterias of choice

Which prosthesis is better to choose? The choice depends on the condition of the teeth in the oral cavity and their number. The dentist offers the best options to the patient after studying all the problems and individual characteristics of the jaw.

With the loss of all teeth in a row, preference is given to solid plates of a removable type. This option will be the most convenient and affordable. Removable plates are easy to maintain.

The main disadvantage of non-removable type structures is the high cost and the possibility of developing allergic reactions to metal alloys. The patient will not be able to clean fixed products on his own, so once every 6 months he will have to contact the dentist for professional cleaning. Home care includes mouth rinsing and regular oral hygiene.

Fixed models are optimal for partial dentition or loss of one unit. It should be noted that they are comfortable to wear and similar to natural dental tissue in terms of aesthetic indicators. The fixation of fixed dentures is much more reliable than that of removable structures, and only high-quality materials are used for their manufacture.

What are dentures?

Prosthetics are performed to replace or restore teeth. This is the most popular dental procedure.

The choice of design depends on the type of violation. Manufacturers offer different types of dentures.

Each model has pros and cons. The price depends on the material of the product and the number of lost teeth.

Types of dentures - classification

How to choose the right design? First, the doctor determines the degree of the defect.

Devices are installed with severe violations.

Absence of one, several or all teeth.
Imperfections of the alveolar processes - the anatomical part upper jaw, which is a support for crowns. Violations occur with injuries.
Pathology of the jaw.

The choice of system depends on the individual characteristics of the patient.

Number of deformed or missing crowns.
The prosthetic bed is the mucosal tissue with which the structure will interact.
Gum condition.

There are 3 types of dental products.

Removable systems. Such models are used if all teeth are lost. They are attached to the jaw with special plates and suction cups.
Fixed dentures. The model is installed for several years with subsequent replacement. There are models with a lifetime warranty. Dentures are installed in the absence of several crowns or to restore the tissue of a damaged tooth.
Implants. The product is fixed on a pin. The artificial root securely fixes false crowns.

Prosthetics allows you to restore missing teeth, while the smile will again become open and natural.

What are removable dentures?

Consider the types of removable dentures. If all or most living crowns are missing, removable crowns are used. This type of device is popular with older people.

Sometimes removable dentures are used to replace lost elements without turning adjacent teeth. The patient independently inserts the product if necessary. Structures are indispensable when it is not possible to install permanent systems.

Removable prosthesis

Models are divided into 2 types.

Complete removable. They are worn with the loss of all teeth. The system consists of a plate covering the palate and jaw.
Partially removable. The body of the product contains metal parts. Elements are used as fasteners when part of the crowns is missing. The model is installed if there are several teeth to fix it. If all living crowns are lost, this type will not work. Most often, structures are installed after the destruction of chewing teeth.

Complete removable dentures

Material: nylon or plastic. The systems are attached to the jaw with suction cups. The device makes eating easier, but it has many drawbacks.

Poor fixation with the jaw.
Long-term adaptation to the prosthesis.
Small service life.
Wearing discomfort.
Violation of diction.
Sometimes there is pain when worn. This is due to the friction of the structure on the mucosal tissue.
Food restrictions.
Permanent care of the prosthesis.

Partially removable systems

The support for the construction is whole crowns. They are inserted temporarily while a permanent prosthesis is being prepared or when chewing teeth are lost. The prosthesis is made of plastic or nylon.

The device is attached to the teeth with a metal element - a clasp. If the prosthesis is made of nylon, the mount is made of a similar material. The design is easily transformed.

There are several types of fixtures.

Lamellar. A design of this type is a budget option. The prosthesis is easy to use.
Byugelnye. Differs in durability and big service life. The advantage of the design in a reliable metal frame. It evenly distributes the load on the jaw. From this, living teeth wear out less. The structure does not exert pressure on soft tissues mucous. The disadvantage of clasp prostheses is the high cost.
Immediate dentures (butterfly). This design is temporary. It is used in preparation for the main prosthetics. The main function of the "butterfly" is to prevent the teeth from moving. Prolonged use of the product causes subsidence of the gums. The main disadvantage is fragility.
Removable sectors (dentition segment). The design is used in case of loss of chewing teeth on one side. The prosthesis rests on the gum. Plus sectors and segments - low price.

Clasp prostheses

According to the materials, removable and non-removable products are divided into 3 types:

Plastic. The most affordable of all types of designs.
acrylic plastic. The design refers to the budget options. These dentures are easy to install and clean. But the material can cause an allergic reaction.
Nylon (silicone). Unlike plastic models, structures made of this material may not be removed at night. The main disadvantages are the likelihood of rubbing the gums at the marginal teeth, the prosthesis is deformed when chewing. Advantages of the design - does not cause discomfort when worn, flexibility. Prices for silicone models are higher than for plastic prostheses.
Metal. The arch of the prosthesis consists of this material. Pros - evenly distribute the load on the jaw, strength. Clasp prostheses have splinting models. They are used for gum disease. Designs with a metal arc are more reliable than acrylic and plastic models.

The best option in the complete absence of teeth is an acrylic prosthesis on an individual impression tray. It will provide a secure fit. The design will ensure an accurate fit of the product to the tissues of the prosthetic bed.

Types of fixed dentures

Permanent constructions are used for caries, enamel damage. This type of prosthetics helps to give the teeth an aesthetic shape and color. For products use durable materials - ceramics, metal.

Fixed dentures are permanent or temporary. The appearance of modern models does not differ from natural crowns.

In what cases are fixed structures shown:

To replace lost teeth if 1-2 crowns are missing.
Launched caries.
To eliminate crown defects: cracks, chips.
Increased abrasion and sensitivity of the enamel.
Giving the desired shape and color.

Depending on the violation, the specialist installs a suitable model of the prosthesis:

Crowns. This type of construction covers living teeth or implants. They are made from metal. In the past, crowns were popular. Nowadays, they are installed mainly on chewing teeth. Or use metal ceramics for an aesthetic appearance, if the crowns are attached to the front teeth. Ceramic models are distinguished by a variety of shades. This allows you to choose the right product for a natural smile. The disadvantage of metal-ceramic models is that for turning it is necessary to remove a large layer of a living tooth. Ceramic products are fragile and expensive.
Bridges. The design consists of several crowns. The advantage of bridges is reliability and quick adaptation to the prosthesis. They are installed, if there are abutment teeth on the sides of the row. A bridge is attached to them. The prosthesis can be installed based on implants.
Veneers (micro prostheses)- plates that are mounted to the teeth with special glue. They are used to eliminate visible defects: yellowness, darkening of the enamel, bite correction, chips. The plates reduce the sensitivity of the crown. Micro prostheses are made of ceramic, composite or more durable material - zirconium dioxide. Models are safe, because. made from biocompatible compounds.
Tabs. With the help of prosthetics, violations are corrected: filling, caries, wear. Inlays, unlike fillings, are durable and cover large cavities.
Dentures on implants- imitation of a living root. First, a pin is inserted into the gum - an artificial root. A crown is mounted on it. After installation, the pin fuses with the bone. While the natural connection is taking place, a temporary prosthesis is inserted into the patient. Fusion occurs within 3-6 months. Then a permanent crown is attached to a special composition. Dentures on implants are reliable and durable. Of the minuses - a long installation and fusion of a living root with a pin, a high price.

Not always dentures are comfortable to use. Bridges

dental implants

Price

A wide range of models allows you to install a prosthesis based on the patient's budget. The price of the service depends on the complexity of the work, the number of lost teeth and the manufacturer of the product.

The cost of removable structures for one jaw:

from plastic - from 8 tr;

acrylic - from 19 tr;

clasp - from 40 tr.

Prices for non-removable models:

ceramic crowns - 13-16 tr;

metal-ceramic crowns - from 5 tr;

zirconium crowns - from 258 tr;

bridges made of ceramic-metal - from 5 tr;

bridge on the tabs - from 10 tr;

bridge based on implants - from 15 tr;

a bridge made of cermet with a base made of an alloy of precious metals - from 17 tr;

veneers - from 5 tr;

tabs - from 4 tr;

implants - depending on the material 10-65 tr.

Dental prosthetics is a demanded service - sooner or later most people need it. Dental prostheses can be partially or completely removable or fixed. Some are designed to replace one tooth or even part of it, others are used for the loss of several teeth or even the entire dentition. What prostheses are better to choose and how to do it right?

Modern dentistry can solve almost any problem associated with tooth loss. By and large, all dentures can be divided into two large groups - removable and non-removable.

Removable ones help with the loss of most of the teeth. These are structures that are attached to the gums using anatomically shaped plates. This design can be removed at any time.

Fixed dentures are used mainly in cases where one tooth or part of it is lost, although recent prosthetic technologies allow fixed dentures to be placed even when there are no teeth left in the mouth. Installation, removal and replacement of fixed prostheses are performed by the dentist.

There are indications and contraindications for the installation of each type of prosthesis, they differ in strength, durability, aesthetics and, of course, price. In this article, we will look at all the main types of dentures.

Removable dentures

Removable dentures are divided into two categories - those that can be worn for a long time without removing (conditionally removable), and those that need to be removed at night (completely removable).

TO conditionally removable include prostheses on implants: bone tissue special pins are implanted, to which the prosthesis is subsequently attached. Mounting type may vary. There are bar prostheses on implants, prostheses with spherical fastening, prostheses on the stump tabs of the castle type. Dentures on implants can be worn for a long time, they do not have to be removed at night. However, if necessary, this can be done without the help of a doctor.

Ball mount . A ball-shaped mount is installed on the implant, which is connected to a kind of “nest” on the prosthesis. Such a prosthesis can be removed, it is inexpensive and sits very tightly. However, over time, the fasteners can loosen.

Beam Mounted . With this method of prosthetics, all implants are connected to each other by a plate to which the prosthesis is attached. Thanks to this plate, the load on the gums is distributed more evenly.

Fully removable dentures do not require implants. They are cheaper, but there is a minus - such prostheses need to be removed at night. Fully removable dentures can be held on suction cups with a special fixing gel or on clasps. The term "prosthesis on suction cups" is understood as an elastic structure that is pressed against the gums and seems to envelop them. Of course, there are no suction cups as such on such prostheses. A more rigid base is held on the gums by a special pharmacy cream - hypoallergenic and tasteless. Clasps are small hooks that are attached to the necks of the abutment teeth. This design evenly distributes the chewing load and does not require long adaptation.

The materials from which fully removable dentures are made are also different. The most commonly used today are:

Acrylic dentures . The main disadvantages of acrylic removable dentures are the risk of allergies and bacterial contamination, since the microporous structure of acrylic promotes the growth of microbes. In addition, acrylic is a hard material, which causes some discomfort when wearing them.

Acry Free . These are elastic dentures of the latest generation, made of elastic, but durable material. The latter even to the touch resembles a natural gum. The basis of such prostheses is translucent, in case of damage it can be repaired, fits snugly to the gum and does not require the use of gel for fixation.

Nylon dentures . Nylon is a soft elastic material, so dentures based on it are comfortable for long-term wear. Such designs practically do not rub or injure the gums (especially at the stage of addiction). The dentures look very natural. In addition, they are hypoallergenic. In addition, nylon is a non-porous material and bacteria multiply worse on it than on acrylic. But the basis of such prostheses, due to elasticity, is less rigid than that of acrylic and AcryFree. Because of this, the chewing load, especially with a large number of replaced teeth, is distributed unevenly. Therefore, these prostheses lead to atrophy of bone tissue and deformation of the alveolar contour faster than acrylic ones. As a result, the prosthesis loses fixation and needs to be rebased. Since nylon prostheses cannot be corrected, a new design will have to be ordered.

Fixed dentures

The main difference of this type of prosthesis is that the newly acquired teeth will always be with you, becoming a full-fledged replacement for the lost dentition.

Micro prostheses

Tabs . From the usual point of view, tabs are not even completely prostheses, but rather an alternative to fillings. However, the alternative is very effective - the tab allows you to restore even a tooth with a very large "hollow". The tabs are almost invisible, very durable and rarely fall out, but they are more expensive than ordinary fillings.

Veneers . Sometimes a tooth breaks, cracks, or chipped. Veneers are small shells that allow you to correct the shape of the tooth to restore its shape. Veneers are also used to hide gaps between teeth.

Lumineers . Lumineers are a type of veneers made from ceramic. Lumineers are very thin - their thickness is fractions of a millimeter, but strong and durable. 10–15 years is far from the maximum service life of such an overlay. Lumineers are used to correct the shape and size of teeth, to hide irregularities and just for beauty - it is these veneers that allow you to get a radiant smile even if your own enamel by nature has a yellow or gray tint (and this is not uncommon). The advantage of lumineers is a large margin of safety and the ability to achieve an impressive effect without injuring the teeth (deep turning is not required for their installation), and the minus is the high cost.

Crowns . A crown is a cap on a tooth. To install it, the tooth is ground, and the crown is put on it like a cap.

metal . "Golden teeth" are a thing of the past - metal crowns already obsolete and practically not used. They are very cheap (about 3,000–4,000 rubles) and last a long time (20 years or more!), but they don’t sit on the tooth very accurately and look, to put it mildly, unattractive.

Metal-ceramic . The basis of crowns of this type is made of metal, and the coating is made of ceramic, which quite reliably imitates tooth enamel. The service life of such crowns is 15 years. One of the best options in terms of price and quality ratio - the cost of cermet is 7000-10 000 rubles. However, such crowns have a significant disadvantage - their installation requires a thorough turning and depulpation of the tooth.

Ceramic . latest generation crowns. They are made from special ceramics that most closely mimic natural enamel. This is a very durable and beautiful material, ideal for front teeth prosthetics. However, such crowns should be handled with care. They withstand strong pressure, but can break under a sharp load, so you definitely should not gnaw nuts with such crowns. Moreover, the price of a ceramic crown is 15,000–20,000 rubles.

On a note
When figuring out the prices for dental prosthetics using crowns, do not forget to add to the cost of the crown itself the price of preparing the tooth and making casts. Usually this amount is about a quarter of the price of the crown.

Made from zirconia . This material and appearance, and its properties are very similar to ceramics. The cost of zirconium crowns is 15,000–20,000 rubles.

Dentures on implants

Implants are artificial metal (titanium) structures that act as a tooth root. They are implanted into bone tissue and used for prosthetics in cases where even the root is not left of their own teeth. A prosthesis imitating gums with teeth is subsequently attached to these implants, or a crown is put on.

Screw-on prostheses . The crown is fixed on the implant implanted into the bone tissue with a screw, and if necessary, the doctor can remove it.

cemented prostheses . The crown is attached to the implant with a special cement. This crown can no longer be removed. However, this method is more suitable for prosthetics of teeth that are visible when smiling.

All-on-4 . 4 implants are implanted into the bone tissue at different angles, to which the prosthesis-bridge is then attached.

All-on-6 . A similar technology in which the bridge is attached to 6 implants. With such a system, the chewing load is distributed more evenly than in the case of the variant described above. In addition, All-on-6 technology can be used even with significant bone atrophy.

Prostheses for basal implantation (one-stage implantation, implantation with immediate loading) . A minimally invasive technique in which implants are implanted into the deep sections of the jaw bone. This allows you to install prostheses even in the case of extremely serious atrophy of the bone tissue. In addition, the method makes it possible to immediately “load” the implant with a crown.

Prostheses for two-stage implantation with delayed loading . This protocol assumes a significant time gap between the installation of implants and the installation of crowns - up to 6 months, and on average - 3-4 months. During this period, temporary crowns are installed. This is the most physiological method.

Prostheses on microlocks

This is a special type of prosthetics, which is considered to be less traumatic. To fix such a prosthesis, small micro-locks are built into adjacent teeth, which then seem to cling to the same locks built into the prosthesis.

Summing up: which dentures are better to put?

The choice of the type of dental prosthetics depends not only on financial possibilities, but also on indications. If a tooth is broken or a small piece has broken off, it can be saved by placing a microprosthesis or a crown. A crown will also be a good option for prosthetics of significantly damaged teeth. In the absence of teeth (regardless of the number of lost ones), the most correct solution would be a prosthesis on implants. In modern practice, dentures are placed on their teeth only when replacing old bridges, if the abutment teeth can still serve, and in cases where the tooth is not completely destroyed or implantation is not indicated for health reasons.

Removable and bridge prostheses are budget options, but they lose to implants in terms of aesthetic characteristics, comfort and effect on bone tissue.

On a note
According to a study conducted by the American Institute of Dental Implantation, 36% of respondents are aware that tooth loss leads to bone atrophy. At the same time, 75% of patients with installed bridges or removable dentures would prefer to refuse them if they initially knew about the decrease in bone volume.

Modern dentistry today offers a fairly wide range of methods for solving prosthetic teeth. Various technologies and materials, quality and cost of services - sometimes it is not easy to understand all this.

Dental prosthetics is a complex of dental services aimed at restoring natural functions, as well as the color and shape of partially destroyed or completely missing teeth. The following types of prosthetics are distinguished: → fixed prosthetics, → removable dentures, → implant prosthetics.

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Fixed prosthetics

It is used to recreate the dentition in case of partial destruction of several teeth by caries, with strong abrasion tooth tissues, in the absence of one or two teeth in a row, as well as to give a new shape to the teeth or change their color.

The fixation of such prostheses is permanent, i.e. it is impossible to remove them without damaging the structure. They are usually made from the following materials:

Metal alloys (gold-palladium, cobalt-chromium);

Ceramics (zirconium dioxide, porcelain, less often aluminum oxide);

Metal-ceramic - a metal frame with a ceramic coating.

There are the following options for fixed prosthetics:

The main disadvantage of non-removable bridge prosthetics is the need to grind the supporting teeth, which can be absolutely healthy, and it is these teeth that will take all the load for the missing ones.

In addition, fixed prosthetics have some contraindications, so it is imperative to warn the doctor about the presence of chronic diseases.

Removable prosthetics

Applicable for a defect in a row of teeth of great length(absence of more than 2-3 teeth in a row). Most often, such prosthetics are offered to older people who have a large number of missing teeth. But sometimes on removable dentures agree patients who do not want to grind healthy teeth for abutment crowns.

Clasp prosthetics

It is based on the use of a metal arc (from the German "byugel" - arc) as a support for the prosthesis. Applicable for partial absence of teeth. This is the most popular, physiologically and anatomically adapted type of prosthetics. This type of prosthetics is the best alternative to a bridge, which is not always possible.

Clasp prosthetics can have several mounting options:

Clasps - are metal hooks at the ends of the arch-base of the prosthesis, which are hooked on the base of the abutment teeth. This option is not entirely aesthetic and uncomfortable to wear, but it is the cheapest.

Attachments - are a double attachment, one part of which is inside the prosthesis, and the other - in the abutment teeth. This is a more comfortable and reliable type of fastening than clasps.

Telescopic crowns are installed on the abutment teeth and a precisely fitted prosthesis is put on them, and the whole structure, after alignment, is securely fixed with locks. This is the most expensive type of clasp prosthetics, as it requires high professionalism of the orthopedist, but it is also the most aesthetic.

acrylic dentures

The most common and cheap look removable prosthetics. Twenty years ago, this was practically the only way to restore the dentition with its complete or significant absence. Acrylic design completely mimics the natural dentition.

The main advantage of such prostheses is simple installation and ease of maintenance. Often, acrylic dentures are placed only at the time of the manufacture of permanent fixed dentures.

A significant disadvantage is that acrylic plastic often causes an allergic reaction, and such prostheses must be removed during sleep.

Nylon prosthetics

Nylon prostheses have appeared relatively recently as an alternative to hard and uncomfortable plastic prostheses. Dental nylon, soft, durable and elastic, allows you to very skillfully imitate the gums. The base of the prosthesis is made of nylon, on which either ceramic crowns or zirconium dioxide crowns are attached.

There are two ways to attach such prostheses in the mouth.

If the prosthesis replaces a completely missing row of teeth, then it is attached to the gum due to the “suction” effect and fixing gels are additionally used.

If the prosthesis is partial and replaces only a few missing teeth, then the structure is attached with nylon hooks to the abutment teeth. The positive aspect of this fastening is that it is not necessary to grind the abutment teeth.

It is worth noting that nylon prostheses are light, easy to use and hypoallergenic. In addition, they do not have to be taken out at bedtime.

All types of removable dentures are good because they distribute the load also on the gum, and not just on the remaining supporting teeth.

Implant prosthetics

Prostheses are installed on special pins (implants) implanted into the jaw bone tissue. An implant imitates a natural tooth root, on the basis of which an artificial tooth is constructed. For the manufacture of implants are used hypoallergenic bioinert materials, not causing rejection - titanium alloys, tantalum, ceramics, zirconium, etc..

Fixed implant prosthetics

It is used in the absence of one or more teeth. Implanted in the gum titanium implant, on which a ceramic or ceramic-metal crown is then fixed.

With significant or complete absence of teeth several implants are implanted into the gum bone on which a fixed bridge is installed. This is still quite a rare practice.

Removable prosthetics on implants

In the complete absence of teeth, removable dentures are very problematic to fix just nothing to grab on to. Such prostheses often fall out, worsen diction, they are difficult to chew, etc.

In such cases, salvation will be implantation of 2-4 implants to help secure the prosthesis. Such a prosthesis is removed by the patient himself without much effort.

What type of prosthetics is best?

The choice of method of prosthetics depends on a number of related factors, such as age, health, financial capabilities of the patient. In each case, this issue is discussed individually during the consultation of the patient with an orthopedist. The final decision is always made by the patient, so you need to be aware of the difference between prostheses, and not rely entirely on the opinion of a specialist.

Comfort and aesthetics

If offered a choice between removable and non-removable prostheses, then most often preference for convenience and appearance is given to the second option. Fixed dentures look more natural in the mouth and adapt to them much faster.

An important role is played by the psychological moment, especially if the person is young enough, the “false jaw” does not attract much.

If the “false jaw” cannot be avoided, then a lot depends on the material and method of attachment. Undoubtedly nylon dentures look more attractive than plastic and clasp. But lately there have been many complaints about the difficult adaptation to them. Their high elasticity interferes with chewing, makes diction difficult, and injures the gums.

Reliability and durability

In terms of service life, non-removable structures made of cermet are again in the lead - 10-12 years. And the use of an alloy of gold and platinum increases this period to 15 years. Metal-ceramic prosthetics is universal, it allows you to restore almost all defects in the dentition with equal success and long-term prognosis.

Removable clasp-type or acrylic dentures can last 5-6 years. A slightly longer period (7-8 years) is guaranteed by specialists for nylon prostheses.

Price

The run-up in prices for dental prosthetics is huge and depends on a number of components.

First, it is the amount of work. If you need to compensate for the loss of one tooth - this is one thing and quite another - prosthetics for significant defects in the dentition. The cost of clasp prostheses is significantly affected by the qualifications of the dental technician.

Secondly, it is the material. The more expensive it is, the higher the price final product. The most expensive dental materials are ceramics and cermets, most commonly used for fixed dentures. The cheapest removable dentures made of plastic. The cost of clasp prostheses and acrylic prostheses will be higher.

Obviously, it is impossible to single out one type of prosthetics, calling it the best. There are many individual clinical cases, as well as financial situations in which the orthopedist and the patient must jointly find a compromise solution.