Is it possible to restore a tooth without walls. Tooth restoration in the presence of a root: methods, technology, reviews

• Dentist-orthopedist Martynov D.V. Personal site.
• Up-to-date information about dental prosthetics and modern dentistry.

Restoration of destroyed teeth

In this article, we will talk about severely destroyed “teeth”, from which part of the crown or only the root remains. As a rule, these are pulpless teeth with old fillings that have fallen out, broken walls or a worn chewing surface. In most cases, there is no pulp in such teeth: it has either become necrotic or the root canals have already been sealed.

Causes of tooth decay

Most often, teeth are destroyed as a result of caries and its complications, or injuries.

• Caries never goes away on its own. If you do not contact the dentist, the tooth will continue to deteriorate.
• Old fillings, especially cement fillings, wear out over time, and it becomes necessary to replace them. Otherwise, the tooth will be destroyed.
• Depulped teeth darken over time and become brittle. It is important to cover them with crowns in a timely manner in order to prolong their functioning. Without this, the risk of chipping part of the tooth crown is high.

A frivolous attitude to the listed problems over time leads to significant tooth decay.

Tactics for severely decayed teeth

1. Survey and long-term assessment

First you need to decide whether to save such a tooth? This is written in detail below.

2. Restoration of the “tooth stump” of a destroyed tooth using a pin or inlay.

The method of tooth restoration depends on the degree of its destruction, the age of the patient and the condition of the oral cavity as a whole. There are 2 main methods: using pins (titanium or fiberglass) or pin-stump tabs. At this stage, the doctor strengthens and restores the inner part of the tooth, which will later be used as a support for an artificial crown. Previously, it may be necessary to carry out root canal retreatment in this tooth.

3. Making an artificial crown for the restored tooth.

The restored tooth must be protected from further decay. This is achieved by making a crown to cover it.

What happens if a broken tooth is not restored?

Significantly destroyed teeth almost do not participate in chewing food, since they do not have a chewing surface. They just take up space in the mouth. The chewing pressure that falls on them is always much less than the load that is exerted on healthy teeth. Under such conditions, such teeth can exist in the oral cavity for years. This is possible provided that the root canals in them are correctly sealed. If around their roots there are pathological changes, then such a tooth is a constant source chronic inflammation in organism. Such a hearth bacterial infection can "shoot" at the most inopportune moment. Therefore, the issue of preserving severely damaged teeth must be addressed immediately when they appear in the oral cavity.

There are only two solutions: either the tooth is saved or removed. If it is saved, then it needs to be restored. If it is removed, then it is necessary to restore the integrity of the dentition after the removal of a badly damaged tooth.

Should decayed teeth be preserved?

Today there is no question “how to restore a tooth”. Modern dentistry can restore any tooth, even one from which only the root remains. The whole question lies in the expediency of such a restoration. The key factors that are important to consider in making this decision are as follows:

1. Evaluation of the long term.

This is the main thing to consider. As mentioned above, decayed teeth almost do not participate in chewing. In this state, they can be in the mouth for years. If the crown of such a tooth is restored, then the chewing load on it will increase significantly! In a loaded state, the life of this tooth will be much lower! If at the same time the canals of the tooth are sealed poorly, then the increased load will lead to an exacerbation of chronic inflammation and the restored tooth will have to be removed.

2. The condition of the tissues surrounding the root of the tooth.

According to X-ray images, it evaluates the quality of root canal filling in a destroyed tooth. Quite often, it is necessary to perform repeated endodontic treatment if you follow the path of saving the tooth. This is due to incomplete filling of the root canals, or with foci of chronic inflammation around the roots of the tooth. The doctor also evaluates the mobility of the tooth. If it is present, then it is far from always advisable to save the tooth.

3. The volume of preserved hard tissues of the tooth.

• If only the root remains of the tooth, destroyed below the level of the gums, then the tooth is removed.
• If the tooth crown is completely destroyed, but the remaining root is motionless and protrudes at least 2-3 mm above the gum, then it must be preserved and included in the prosthetic plan.

It is important to consider that these must be healthy hard tissues. Even if part of the crown remains from the tooth, but at the same time its root is all affected by caries, then such a tooth is removed.

Save the controversial tooth or remove it - the patient always decides. The doctor's task is to assess the real terms of the "functioning" of such a tooth in the event of its restoration and to explain this to the patient in an accessible way. Each case is individual and only a dentist who has carried out a complete diagnosis can draw up an adequate treatment plan. Trying to solve this issue on the Internet is useless. The main task of the patient is to understand the potential risk of preserving such “teeth” and make a choice based on the recommendations of the dentist and their own capabilities.

Restoration of teeth with pins

Previously, dentists actively used titanium anchor pins. Now the preference has shifted towards fiberglass pins. In terms of their physical and mechanical properties, they correspond more to the tissues of the tooth than titanium ones. The post is cemented into the pre-expanded root canal of the tooth. After that, it is covered with a special composite material. The advantage of the method is time saving. The doctor performs the entire procedure in one visit.

Restoration of teeth with intra-root tabs

Instead of factory pins, custom-made pin-stump tabs are used. They are cast in the dental laboratory from noble (gold-platinum alloy) or non-precious (cobalt-chromium) metal alloys.

Caring for restored teeth

A restored tooth is always less reliable than a healthy one. He requires respect for himself. Make it a rule to always use a knife and fork. This does not mean that you need to follow some kind of diet. Just try to avoid hard and coarse foods: nuts, crackers, seeds. If your frontal tooth (incisors) was restored, then you should not bite off hard fruits (pears, apples) or tough meat (kebabs).

The second important rule is maintaining excellent oral hygiene. This is the prevention of the occurrence of secondary caries, which can destroy a previously restored tooth. In this case, it will no longer be possible to save it.

What to do when it is decided to remove a controversial tooth? - Prosthetics on implants

If the tooth is severely damaged and the doctor warns you about the dubious long-term prospects for its preservation, then you should think about implantation. To do this, the decayed tooth is removed and a dental implant is placed in its place. A few months after the operation, the dentist makes an artificial crown based on this implant.

The advantage of this solution is that there is no need to prepare next to standing teeth. This would have to be done if a bridge was chosen as a permanent structure. By removing a severely damaged tooth, you saved yourself from the potential risks of its restoration: secondary caries and exacerbation of chronic inflammation in the periodontium.

Can badly damaged teeth be restored?

Teeth, like any organs of a living organism, are given to a person once and therefore require a particularly careful attitude, because they play a very important role in the beginning of the digestive process and are responsible for how efficiently the food will be crushed before it enters the digestive tract. But what to do if, due to certain circumstances (violations metabolic processes, trauma, genetic predisposition or simply poor care) teeth began to decay? Can badly damaged teeth be restored??

Restoring decaying teeth is a painstaking process, but possible. First of all, the degree of damage to the tissues of the tooth (root and crown part) and the condition of the tissues surrounding the tooth (periodontium, mucous, bone tissue of the jaw) are assessed. First of all, dentists check how stable the tooth is, and whether there are pathological processes (inflammation, suppuration, cysts, bone thinning) in the areas adjacent to the tooth. If the root of the tooth is healthy and stable, and the adjacent tissues are in order (previously cured by a periodontist), then the process of restoring the destroyed crown part of the tooth can begin. There are two ways to do this: cosmetic restoration of the crown part of the tooth and prosthetics of the crown part of the tooth.

It is possible to cosmetically restore the crown part of the tooth on an anchor or fiberglass pin, one part of which is fixed in the root, and the other part holds the filling material of the formed crown part. This form of restoration of teeth is suitable for teeth, the crown part of which is not destroyed to the ground, and there are walls that will limit the mobility of the filling. As a filling material, composite masses are used, which can be applied in layers and gradually form the desired shape of the crown part.

The disadvantage of this kind restoration of broken teeth considers their low endurance, for this reason, teeth restored with composites require careful attitude, soft food and the rejection of bad habits (biting bones, seeds, sweets, etc.). Composite teeth cannot bite off a piece of hard sausages, dry fish, hard biscuits, bread crusts, hard fruits and vegetables.

With a significantly destroyed crown part of the tooth, it is recommended to cover the tooth with an artificial crown (plastic, metal-plastic, stamped steel, cast from base and precious metals, metal-ceramic, ceramic), which covers all the destroyed surfaces of the crown part, restores chewing efficiency by almost 100%. Plastic structures require careful treatment, as I tend to wear out and crack from excessive load on the tooth, ceramic masses do not tolerate temperature changes (a sharp change in hot and too cold dishes and drinks).

Completely destroyed crown parts of the tooth with a well-preserved root are restored using pin teeth or root stump inlays. Both types of structures are made by casting. The difference between a pin tooth and a stump tab is that the crown part of the tooth is cast in the pin tooth at the same time, and the cast stump tab requires the subsequent landing of the selected type of artificial crown on it.

Any of the methods for restoring damaged teeth requires additional measures to regulate metabolic processes, therapy with minerals and vitamins, and also involves careful oral care so that the remaining parts of the teeth, as supports, are preserved for the longest possible service life.

How is the root removed, if only it remains in the gum, and the tooth is completely destroyed and crumbled?

Going to the dentist's office is a challenge for many people. Patients believe that the removal of the roots is accompanied by pain, as well as the obligatory cutting and suturing of the gums. but modern methods, tools and materials allow the operation to be performed with virtually no discomfort and complications.

Do I need to remove the root of a decayed tooth?

When there is no dental crown, but the roots remain in the gum, you need to determine what condition they are in. The crown part can be destroyed both on a tooth with a nerve and on a pulpless one. If the roots of a tooth are severely damaged, it cannot be restored. The dentition is restored with the installation of an implant or bridge after the removal of fragments of the unit.

Do I need to extract teeth if they do not hurt? Patients often turn to dentists with the following symptoms: the tooth has crumbled to the ground and rotted, while the person is not bothered by pain. The forces of immunity allow for a certain time to restrain the spread of infection, but there comes a time when acute inflammation occurs, accompanied by edema. Then you can lose both the collapsed unit and the neighboring ones.

Absolute indications for removal

Amputation of a rotten root is mandatory, since it is a breeding ground for infection. The problem is not only bad smell from the mouth - bacteria multiply in the remains of the unit, there is a supragingival or subgingival calculus on them, which causes inflammation of the gums. Almost always, the tops of the roots are infected, due to which a granuloma can form, subsequently leading to a flux. What a broken tooth looks like can be seen in the photo.

Removal is indicated in the following cases:

• periodontal disease;
• if the tooth is loose;
• the presence of a cyst, abscess;
• caries damage;
• complex fracture of the tooth;
• the presence of fragments deeply stuck in the hole;
• atypical position of the unit.

Removing the roots of a wisdom tooth is almost always required. These are far-away molars, for which there is no way to take good care of them, so the “eights” are quickly destroyed. Wisdom teeth often provoke displacement of other units and constant inflammation due to cheek biting. Units are kept if they have grown correctly and are not too damaged. A crown is placed on the wisdom tooth or used for further restoration of the row with the help of a bridge.

When can the root be left if the tooth has crumbled?

If possible, dentists strive to save at least one root of a decayed multi-rooted tooth. It can become a support for the crown, thanks to which the unit will continue to perform its functions.

If there is a wall or only a root due to the loss of a filling of a pulpless tooth or a chipped piece of it, the remaining parts can be saved. This is done in cases where the root or surrounding tissues are not subject to pathological processes.

The dentist uses conservative and conservative surgical methods of treatment. In the first case, the root is sealed, and after therapy, the restoration of the unit is performed using a pin or stump insert. A crown is put on a metal base, which will allow the tooth to fully perform its function.

A conservative surgical technique is required in the presence of inflammation in the apex root canal. The operation is carried out within half an hour - the doctor cuts off the top of the root.

Sometimes, with inflammation, it is possible to avoid surgical intervention - the doctor injects an anti-inflammatory drug into the canal. The tool can be in it from 2–3 months to 1–2 years, during which time the bone near the root apex is restored. However, with a significant loss of bone tissue, specialists more often resort to a surgical method in order to preserve the remains of the tooth.

How is the root removed?

Many patients are interested in the question of how the roots are removed, because you need to prepare for the procedure not only physically, but also mentally. If the tooth is rotten, several methods can be used to extract it:

Preparing for the operation

If the tooth has collapsed, and the patient has decided on the operation, it is necessary to prepare for it. A person undergoes a complete examination oral cavity. Soft deposits and calculus are removed from the teeth next to the diseased unit.

Immediately before the procedure, the dentist examines the mucous membrane for inflammation or suppuration. He performs hygienic treatment of soft tissues in order to exclude the penetration of microbes into the wound that remains after the intervention. The patient rinses his mouth with Eludril or Chlorhexidine - this allows you to kill 90% of pathogens.

Before complex removal of the tooth root, additional processing will be required. The doctor wipes the patient's face with alcohol or Chlorhexidine. A cape is placed on the chest, which protects clothes from possible ingress of saliva, blood, etc. It will not hurt during the manipulation - the method of anesthesia is selected at the preparation stage, based on age, the presence of allergies and various diseases at the patient. If the root is located deep, you will need to make an incision in the soft tissues.

Required Tools

To remove a decayed tooth, doctors use several types of tools:

1. Forceps. Exists different types forceps, including separate instruments for lower and upper jaw, devices for extracting roots with limited mouth opening, etc.
2. Elevators. Each type of instrument (straight, angled, etc.) is designed for a separate group of teeth.
3. Drill. The device is necessary for sawing the tooth and removing the roots or their parts.

Amputation process

The operation begins with the detachment of tissue around the unit. Amputation of the tooth root is performed using certain methods of work:

The choice of root removal method is influenced by the degree of damage to the tooth and the presence of transformations in the bone tissue. If the root is rotten, and the bone is slightly deformed due to inflammation, then the extraction specialist will only need forceps. They are applied at the final stage after the separation of the alveoli and gums. When this tool fails, the doctor uses the elevator.

What to do if the tooth is rotted to the gums? In this case, a drill is used. The device allows you to cut the unit into pieces, then each piece is taken out separately. The fragments are removed with another tool. When extracting a wisdom tooth, additional devices are used.

If the root is pulled out before its complete destruction, the operation will be simple. The procedure usually takes about 10 minutes. Extraction in people over 40 years of age is quite easy, since the alveolus atrophies and a focus of inflammation forms - the body independently rejects a piece of the remaining tooth. When several roots are planned to be removed, the procedure is considered complicated.

Possible consequences

Complications after extraction of a tooth or root is a phenomenon that occurs due to the lack of experience of the doctor or his negligence. If the unit fell out due to injury, it is worth taking an x-ray so that the doctor makes sure that there are no fragments left in the hole. During the procedure, the following may occur:

1. Breaking off the top of the root. From the wound there is blood, so the fragments are not always visible. The specialist must prescribe a second removal.
2. Fragment stuck deep in the well. Part of the tooth cannot be seen without an x-ray, it is delayed epithelial tissue and don't worry at first. Subsequently, the capsule fibrous tissue and a fragment provokes the formation of an abscess or phlegmon.
3. Pieces of bone get stuck in soft tissues. This is a local complication, and fragments can often be removed on their own or in the doctor's office under anesthesia (without tissue cutting).

Do I need to remove the remaining fragments of the tooth? Leaving them in the wound is unacceptable, as this can lead to unpleasant consequences:

What to do if a piece remains after removal?

If a fragment remains in the gum, you should not delay visiting a doctor. The specialist will remove the residual fragments and treat the wound with an antiseptic. The operation is performed in two ways:

• when a fragment is on the surface, extraction is carried out in a few minutes with a special tool;
• if the piece is located deep, a gum incision is made to extract it.

Sometimes doctors are faced with a situation where the fragment is overgrown with gums - it is completely covered with mucous. In this case, the treatment is carried out in several stages:

Is it possible to pull out a rotten tooth root at home?

There are many videos on the Internet showing people trying to extract a tooth at home. Is it worth experimenting so cruelly on yourself? Attempts to remove it yourself can lead to unpredictable consequences for a number of reasons:

• choosing an anesthetic and correctly injecting it in the right dose into the gum is very problematic without a medical education;
• it is difficult to maintain sterility at home, so there is a high risk of infection in the wound;
• inept tissue incision can cause serious bleeding;
• without the use of anesthesia, pain shock is possible.

If the removal of a strong whole tooth can still be realized, then a rotten root will not succumb to extraction. The crown of the tooth or its subgingival part may crumble, the fragments will get stuck in the hole, decomposing and infecting the surrounding tissues. Dentists categorically do not recommend trying on their own to remove not only permanent, but even milk teeth.

Restoration of severely damaged teeth is real: expert opinion

It is no secret that many people delay their visit to the dentist until the last moment, when little can be left of the tooth. Is it possible to restore a badly damaged tooth and how does it happen? chief physician American Dental Center "DAntist" Babayan David Vyacheslavovich.

32top: Which tooth is considered severely decayed?

Babayan D.: A severely damaged tooth is considered to be a tooth in which more than 50% of the area is restored with a filling or not restored at all. There are various reasons why teeth become severely decayed. Caries, trauma, doctor's mistake, untimely visit to the dentist by the patient, bad habits(seeds, nuts, etc.), the cause may also be increased tooth wear.

32top: Is it really possible to restore a badly damaged tooth with high quality? In which case the tooth can no longer be restored?

Babayan D.: Almost any tooth can be restored, with the exception of severe inflammation at the root, which is not amenable to therapeutic treatment.

Restoration of the tooth is also impossible when the tooth is destroyed deep under the gum, or when the tooth is mobile.

In all other cases, there is a modern way to restore severely damaged teeth. And then the restored tooth serves the patient for a long time. The main thing is to contact a qualified specialist in time to solve the problem.

32top: What are the methods of restoring a severely damaged tooth crown?

Babayan D.: Many dentists-therapists in such situations install large light fillings, reinforcing them with titanium pins. But the specialists of our clinic and I personally are not supporters of this method of tooth restoration, due to certain shortcomings. Such a patient should be seen by an orthopedic dentist. Depending on the scale of tooth decay, the orthopedic dentist must choose a design for restoration. The following options are possible: stump tab (inlay, onlay, overlay) or pin - stump tab, followed by covering it with a crown.

32top: What are the pros and cons of light curing post fillings?

Babayan D.: Such pins are screwed into the root canal of the tooth along the thread, as a self-tapping screw is screwed into a tree. One can imagine what pressure is exerted on the root canal of the tooth during the process of screwing in the pin and during chewing acts during the operation of such a tooth. There is a huge risk of cracking and fracture of the tooth root, which is fraught with the removal of this tooth. Another disadvantage is the composite material itself, which shrinks over time and the so-called “secondary caries” forms under it. When this happens, you need to remove this entire structure from the oral cavity, excise fresh carious tissues and restore the tooth again. And this process will be repeated every 3-5 years.

32top: How reliable is this method of restoring teeth?

Babayan D.: Modern dentistry has long moved away from restoring teeth with pins. How long a tooth with a pin will last - no one will say. During chewing, the load on the pin may increase, and then the pin may break the root or a crack may form in the root, after which the tooth must be removed. The wall of the tooth may also break off, because. a large filling will put pressure on it.

32top: What are the alternatives to light-cured post fillings?

Babayan D.: The following options are possible:

• Stump tab (inlay, onlay, overlay)
• A more common method is a post-stump tab, which is subsequently covered with an artificial crown.
• Extraction of a tooth and installation of a dental implant in its place, followed by the installation of a crown on it

32top: Can a core inlay effectively solve the problem of restoring a badly damaged tooth and how does it work?

Babayan D.: Of course. The doctor prepares the tooth, creates a place for fixing the future inlay and determines the color of the future structure. Next, the doctor takes accurate impressions of all teeth along with a specific tooth. Based on the impressions, plaster models are cast in the dental laboratory, according to which the dental technician makes a stump inlay. After that, the doctor fixes it in the oral cavity with cement, and the patient uses this tooth as a natural one.

32top: What are the advantages and disadvantages of core inlays?

Babayan D.: Such an inlay is solid, thereby evenly distributing the load on the entire tooth. Also, the stump tabs do not shrink and deform, as a result of which “secondary caries” does not form. Stump inlays have very high strength and aesthetic characteristics and do not differ from natural teeth in any way. There are simply no downsides to stump tabs.

32top: What are the features of the restoration of severely damaged teeth with post-stump inlays?

Babayan D.: The doctor prepares the previously sealed root canal, unsealed it by 2/3 of its length, expands it, takes impressions for casting plaster models in the dental laboratory. The technician models the future inlay with wax, after which the wax is replaced with the material that the future inlay will consist of (metal or zirconium dioxide). Next, the doctor fixes this tab in a previously prepared cavity in the tooth and nothing is screwed anywhere. The biggest difference from a titanium post is that the post-stump tab is fixed on the prepared tooth with the entire area and evenly distributes the chewing load. The risk of fracture and cracks in the root disappears. After fixing the tab, we get a tooth in miniature, and then an artificial tooth crown is made on it. This design lasts 3 times longer than a titanium post design and looks much more aesthetically pleasing than a filling.

32top: Are complications possible when restoring a badly damaged tooth and how to avoid them?

Babayan D.: If the doctor and technician did everything right, then there can be no complications. The patient should not feel the inlays and crowns in the oral cavity, they should not interfere with the patient. Complications can be avoided by choosing a competent specialist and a clinic with a good reputation. If these points are observed, it remains to listen to the recommendations of the doctor, and then nothing threatens the patient's teeth.

Removal of the root of a destroyed or rotten tooth: does it hurt, the removal process

In the last century, to the question of whether it hurts to remove the root of a tooth if the crown is completely destroyed, many dentists would have given an affirmative answer. Pain during and after the procedure, complications from anesthesia and discomfort haunted many patients. But today the situation has changed - a diseased tooth and its root can be pulled out absolutely painlessly.

Who will have to part with a tooth

After a tooth extraction in the doctor's office, complications are extremely rare. Much more often, sad consequences occur when it spontaneously falls out due to destruction or injury. In such cases, there are two options: restoration of dentin and enamel or removal of the tooth root.

You will have to remove the root of the tooth with the following symptoms:

• constant discomfort in the gums;
• sharp pain when chewing;
• swollen soft tissues;
• bleeding;
• the appearance of pus.

A sure sign of an inflammatory process in the gums is an increase in body temperature in the absence of symptoms of another disease.

Important! It is impossible to postpone a visit to the dentist, even if only one of these symptoms appears. Any suspicion that the root of the tooth has remained in the gum and has begun to rot should be the reason for an urgent visit to the doctor.

What are the roots of the teeth, look at the photo:

Temporary contraindications

Surgical removal of the root of a destroyed tooth is contraindicated in the period:

• relapse of a complex mental disorder;
• acute phase of ARVI;
• exacerbation of a neurological disease;
• rehabilitation after a heart attack.

Doctors of dental clinics are aware of all contraindications to extraction. But not all states are bright Clinical signs therefore, in order to avoid unpleasant consequences, it is necessary to warn the doctor about the ailment.

Generalized scheme of tooth extraction

The process of extracting any tooth includes the following steps:

1. Examination and history taking (allergic status, information about the state of health and dentoalveolar apparatus).
2. Preparation of the surgical field: treatment of the injection site, rinsing the mouth with an antiseptic.
3. Anesthesia.
4. Detachment of the gums from the tooth with a trowel.
5. Loosening of the tooth with forceps.
6. Extraction of a tooth from the socket.
7. Treatment of the hole with an antiseptic.
8. Stop bleeding with tamponade.

According to this scheme, a simple removal is carried out. In some situations, for example, when pulling out a wisdom tooth or a heavily damaged molar, a complex extraction is required. Its main difference is that in addition to forceps, the dentist uses a drill for sawing bone tissue or sawing the root into pieces, a chisel, a hammer and other dental instruments.

Wisdom tooth extraction scheme

How is a decayed tooth removed?

The process of removing a tooth is a simple dental operation. The difficulty increases when you need to remove the root of a tooth that is completely destroyed. Factors requiring the intervention of an experienced specialist:

• small size of the remaining crown;
• condition of the surrounding tissues;
• the location of the remaining hard tissues of the tooth under the upper edge of the gum;
• defects of the gums, roots.

Affects the complexity of the operation and whether the position belongs to the top or mandible. In the upper jaw, the walls of the holes are longer and thicker, respectively, the teeth are removed from them with great difficulty - a highly qualified dentist is needed to perform the manipulation.

Wisdom teeth, from which only the root remains, are removed in the same way as ordinary molars, but in some patients healing after such an intervention is very painful.

How the tooth root is removed is shown in the video:

Examination and preparation

The procedure begins with a thorough examination and preparation of the patient. At his first visit to the clinic, the doctor will take an x-ray and examine the oral cavity.

• determine the condition of the tooth, assess the extent of destruction;
• clarify the presence of allergies, contraindications, inflammation;
• choose the method of anesthesia;
• draw up a plan of operation;
• prepare tools.

A drill, tongs, a set of elevators are used as tools for removing a rotten tooth root (photo).

A prerequisite is the hygienic treatment of adjacent tissues. Pulling out is possible only after the removal of stones and plaque from the molars, incisors or canines surrounding the surgical field. Immediately before extraction, the oral cavity is treated with a solution of Chlorhexidine.

Anesthesia

There are cases when the dentin is destroyed gradually, without inflammation, without the appearance of rot. In such situations, painless root removal is possible without the use of painkillers, however, anesthesia is more often used.

The choice of the drug is carried out taking into account:

• age;
• allergic status;
• the presence of somatic diseases;
• individual intolerance to drugs;
• availability chronic diseases: epilepsy, diabetes mellitus;
• complexity of the upcoming operation.

The patient must notify the dentist about all deviations before the procedure. In most cases, the root of the tooth is removed under local anesthesia - one or two injections for the incisors, 2 to 4 injections in the gum for the molars. But if two teeth have collapsed, or the jaw is to be opened, the patient receives general anesthesia– will sleep until the doctor finishes pulling out the tooth.

Features of anesthesia of a tooth with a rotten root

An anesthetic injection is given to the site of the projection of the dental roots. But if the medicine is injected into the rotten area, it may not work, and the person will be hurt during the extraction process.

Treatment of patients with rotten roots is carried out in two stages. On the first visit, the dentist anesthetizes the gum, dissects it and cleanses it of pus. During the second visit, anesthesia is repeated and the doctor removes the root that has rotted inside the gum.

How to remove a tooth, if only the root remains, the doctor decides. Usually start with the use of forceps. Even if the destroyed roots remain under the gum, the holes do not completely overgrow - the dentist can gently pick up the remnants of hard tissues and easily pull them out.

If the tooth has crumbled to the very base, it is pulled out with an elevator. Having inserted the instrument between the gum and dentin, the doctor presses on the handle and performs rotational movements of small amplitude. As a result, the periodontal fibers are shifted, and the root is squeezed out of the hole.

A drill is used when hard tissues of a molar tooth need to be crushed before removal. With properly performed anesthesia, such a procedure is painless, discomfort is possible only when the gum is already healing.

Removal of inflammation

When a rotten root is removed, an inflammatory process is often detected. So that the wound is safely overgrown and does not fester, it is customary to treat it with an antiseptic. But one treatment will not provide proper prevention, so an anti-inflammatory drug is placed in a fresh hole. With it, the hole will heal faster, and the patient will be less likely to get alveolitis.

Suturing

To extract the root system, the doctor separates and lifts the soft tissue flaps; they can only be attached back by suturing. It is customary to tighten the edges of the holes with threads during double or triple removal, when a significant part of the gum has undergone preparation. This is done so that the affected area is overgrown faster and does not cause discomfort to the patient.

If fragments of the root remain in the hole

If the contraction of the edges of the wound was performed with catgut, the patient's treatment can be considered completed. If a non-absorbable material was used, the patient will have to return to the dentist for suture removal after a week. During this time, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the gums, your own feelings and notify the doctor if:

This means that small fragments of tooth tissue rot in the hole, which could go unnoticed during extraction. The doctor must prescribe the patient a second X-ray, check the quality of the operation and find out the cause of the ailment. Inaction is fraught with the development of alveolitis (inflammation of the hole), osteomyelitis, phlegmon and other serious diseases.

How is the removal of a rotten tooth root with preservation of the crown

A tooth in which only the root remains is not always pulled out entirely. For example, if an inflammatory process develops at the root apex, but the tooth itself can still be saved, the root apex is resected - partial removal.

The procedure is carried out after filling the canals, under local anesthesia. The operation is simple and lasts no more than half an hour. Its main stages:

1. Collection of anamnesis.
2. Preparation of the operating field.
3. Anesthesia.
4. Cutting the gums to access the root.
5. exfoliation of soft tissues.
6. Cutting a "window" in the bone.
7. Cutting off the inflamed area of ​​the root with a granuloma or cyst.
8. Laying in the cavity of drugs that stimulate the growth of bone tissue.
9. Suturing.

What to do after removal

After any surgical intervention, you should follow all the recommendations of the dentist, as well as:

• do not eat within 2 hours after manipulation;
• cool the soft tissues of the face in the projection of the removed root;
• stop smoking for two days;
• take prescribed pain medication;
• make antiseptic applications;
• check if other teeth are crumbling.

Sometimes, after a complex extraction, dentists prescribe antibiotics to patients. This appointment cannot be ignored - after a tooth is pulled out of the hole, a focus of infection is formed in it, which can only be extinguished with the help of drugs.

The following video schematically shows the different extraction methods for incisors, canines, molars and premolars of the mandible and maxilla.

Extensive carious cavities, inflammation of the gums or mechanical trauma can severely destroy the tooth, from which only the root can remain. But this does not mean at all that the remains of the tooth must be removed. Modern dentistry has a lot of tools to restore the function and aesthetics of a damaged tooth. However, any procedure for restoring teeth requires certain rules to be followed.

What is meant by tooth augmentation?

If only the root remains of the destroyed tooth, an extension method is used, which involves the layer-by-layer application of a composite material of different transparency from the base of the damaged dental unit, followed by grinding and polishing (for more details, see the article: how is the tooth root removed if the tooth itself is already gone?). This method of restoration allows you to give the crown a shape and maximum naturalness of the tooth.

Along with this, a heliocomposite is used for the artistic restoration of a destroyed tooth. This method is used when the tooth has broken off at the very root (see also: how many roots do the teeth have?). In this case, a pin is installed in the canal, around which a special material is applied and the necessary shape of the lost part of the tooth is formed.

Conditions necessary to restore a decayed tooth from the root

Mostly teeth with a removed nerve are destroyed (see also: how and where to remove a nerve in a tooth?). Without the necessary nutrition, the enamel walls become thinner and break off at the slightest mechanical impact. It is impossible to restore a tooth in such a situation by filling, therefore, extension and prosthetics are used. The choice depends on the degree of tooth decay.

If a tooth has fallen apart, you need to contact your dentist as soon as possible, as a delay can make it impossible to restore it.

If the patient does not have the material resources to build up the tooth, the doctor will temporarily place a filling to prevent further destruction and thus give a kind of delay until the moment of restoration.

You can restore a damaged tooth in the presence of a root in the following cases:

In addition, in order to restore a broken or worn-out tooth, you need to have wide financial resources (for more details, see the article: how can a broken tooth be restored?). Building and prosthetics are expensive procedures.

How are broken teeth repaired?

Destroyed teeth with a preserved root are restored using pin elements or a stump tab. The choice of method depends on the degree of destruction of the dental unit, the individual characteristics of the body and the financial capabilities of the patient. In any case, only the doctor decides which method should be used. The listed technologies have similar restoration principles, but can differ significantly in cost, which depends on the materials used and the required preliminary procedures.

With pins

A pin is an orthodontic structure in the form of a rod, which is made of a material that is hypoallergenic and biocompatible with the human body (fiberglass, ceramics, titanium or other metal alloys). The most reliable is considered to be a pin element made of carbon fiber material, which includes microscopic glass particles.

Pins are used to restore a tooth after extraction or damage. They are designed to strengthen the destroyed unit, increasing its height above the gum level, and perform a supporting function for fixing further structures and materials. Pin elements are used to restore teeth only in cases where there is at least one wall. With the complete destruction of the crown part, this type of prosthetics is contraindicated.

There are 2 types of pin elements:

1. Active. They are screwed into the root thanks to the thread. Installation does not require prior expansion of the root canals. This type of pins is used in cases where the tooth is completely destroyed.
2. Passive. They are fixed with a special cementing agent and are used for minor violations of the integrity of the tooth.

It is possible to restore a broken dental unit with a pin in one, maximum two, appointments with a doctor. Before installing the pin element, an x-ray is performed to determine the degree of tooth decay and exclude the presence of granulomas and cysts at the top of the tooth root. The pin structure is installed as follows:

1. If necessary, carious lesions are eliminated, inflammatory processes are treated, plaque and tartar are removed.
2. The oral cavity is cleaned of affected tissues, after which it is treated with antiseptic agents.
3. The pin shaft is screwed into the root. In this case, the part of the structure, which is located in the root cavity, must exceed the height of the pin element above the gum surface.
4. Restoration of the supragingival region. The tooth is restored using composite materials.
5. Grinding. Excess filling material is removed, rough areas are polished.

This type of build-up of a destroyed tooth (due to mechanical trauma or removal) has a significant drawback - a short service life of the structure, in most cases not exceeding 4-5 years. In addition, there is a high probability of root destruction and the development of caries due to insufficient tightness. It is impossible to remove the pin without damaging the root due to the very strong fixation. The photo shows a tooth restored with a pin.

Using a stump tab

If the tooth has broken off to the base, it can be restored using a stump tab, which is a design of 1 or 2 elements. It is made of plastic, ceramics, zirconium dioxide or alloys of various metals.

The best types of structures are zirconium and ceramic inlays. They have durability, high aesthetic properties and do not destroy tissues. However, ceramics are not used for molars because this material is not able to withstand heavy chewing loads. One-piece structures are used to restore single-root units, collapsible - multi-root.

Stump inlays are made according to individual parameters, in accordance with the shape of the damaged tooth. Their dimensions should be smaller than the dimensions of the restored dental unit, since a composite material is applied on top in layers or a crown is put on.

This method, in contrast to the first, is more labor intensive, but at the same time provides high strength of the installed structure. In addition, stump tabs have a long service life - about 10 years.

The restoration of a broken tooth with the subsequent installation of a crown takes an average of 3-4 weeks. The procedure includes the following steps:

Before placing a stump tab, the condition of the root canals is checked. If the orthopedic dentist has comments, the patient is referred for treatment to the endodontist.

Price

The cost of tooth restoration depends on the method of restoration, the material of the orthodontic structure, the presence of dental diseases and treatment, the pricing policy of the clinic and the region in which the service is provided. Installing a metal pin costs an average of 1.5 thousand rubles, and a fiberglass 2 thousand rubles. The cost of manufacturing a stump insert from cobalt-chromium is about 4.5 thousand rubles, from ceramics - 10 thousand rubles, from zirconium dioxide - 8 thousand rubles. Usage ceramic-metal crown will cost 9 thousand rubles, and all-ceramic - 14 thousand rubles.

A beautiful smile has always been considered a sign of success and health. The first impression of a person depends on it. This is why dental services have become so popular.

Restoration consists of a complex of dental actions aimed at restoring the shape and functionality of damaged teeth.

Restoration along with other plastic surgeries helps to improve the appearance and feel more confident. There are many ways to restore the correct appearance of teeth and restore the beauty of a smile.

When Restoration Is Necessary

Dental bone is the strongest tissue in the human body. But they can also be deformed for many reasons. The most common is caries. If you do not go to the dentist in time, serious diseases can begin.

In addition, they can break or fall out completely due to injuries, poor nutrition, stressful situations, and poor ecology. Changes in the teeth become noticeable - cracks, fractures, darkening. For any of these symptoms, you should contact your dentist for timely treatment. It's not worth the hassle with this. With further tooth decay, health hazards can arise.

The reason for restoration is their curvature and malocclusion. The tooth surface is erased over time and acquires the desired shape for the usual closing of the jaw. After straightening a row with braces, restoration of worn teeth is required.

Dental restoration procedure

First of all, you should contact your dentist. He will examine the condition of the teeth, assess the degree of destruction and give a forecast for further prospects for the development of the situation. Based on the results of the examination of the condition of the dentition and the forecasts of the further condition, the doctor will offer several treatment options.

Which of these methods to use, only the patient decides based on their financial capabilities and priorities. The dentist can only give recommendations and talk in detail about each of the methods of restoration.

The whole recovery procedure consists of several stages:

• professional ultrasonic cleaning;
• treatment of all identified pathologies - caries, inflammation of the gums;
• coordination with the patient of the method of restoration;
• preparation of materials;
• the extension procedure itself;
• recovery period.

The work of recreating the natural state of a smile is very painstaking. The doctor needs not only to improve the appearance of the smile, but also the functional abilities of the jaw.

Restoration can:

• change shape;
• remove chips and irregularities;
• restore enamel;
• hide the gap
• straighten and restore teeth.

Recovery Methods

Tooth decay occurs for many reasons and each individual case requires its own approach in recreating the original appearance, how are they restored? Dental clinics offer a wide range of methods of treatment and restoration of the dentition.

There are two types of recovery:

1. direct. When all the main actions are carried out in the oral cavity and the whole process takes one visit to the dentist.
2. indirect. When the main part of the work is carried out outside the patient's oral cavity, and the whole process takes some time.

One of the most common and relatively cheap methods of restoration is filling. It is mainly used after caries treatment. After the restoration, the filling practically does not differ in color from the enamel of the neighboring ones. The procedure is very fast. It is impossible to remove the reconstructed part, otherwise the crown will be very badly destroyed.

pin restoration

It can be used for all teeth - both lateral and anterior. This method allows you to restore them at any degree of destruction. The pin is a needle inserted into the root canal. Two pins are used for the side pins, one for the front ones. Part of the pin remains on top and serves as the basis for recreating a denture using a crown.

This method is also very fast and is carried out in one visit to the doctor. This is ideal if you need to quickly insert an anterior incisor in one day. The advantages of the method are the strength of reconstruction, the possibility of extracting the pin, and the aesthetic appearance. The disadvantages are the long recovery period and the high cost of the procedure.

Crowns

The establishment of a crown is practically a micro-prosthetics operation. This method is used in case of destruction, when a part of the teeth still remains above the gum and it is possible to attach a crown.

The dentist prepares the tooth surface, cleans it of caries, then makes an impression.

Within a few days, a crown is made, which will completely recreate the original appearance, match the color of the entire dentition.

The advantages of the method include a beautiful appearance and strength. The disadvantages are high invasiveness, enamel grinding is required, it is difficult to achieve the correct shrinkage the first time.

The following materials can be used to make crowns:

• metal - gold, silver, steel, titanium;
• plastic, ceramics;
• cermet, metal-plastic.

permanent dentures

At total absence permanent prosthetics with bridges are used. Dental bridges are several crowns that are connected into one design.

In this case, the remaining ones serve as a support. Extreme crowns are put on healthy incisors, and the middle ones replace the lost ones.

This method has many disadvantages. When installing prostheses, a very strong grinding of healthy teeth is required, and when replacing a prosthesis, they will also need to be restored.

Under the prosthesis, atrophy will continue. Over time, the gum will settle and a gap will appear. Not only will this ruin the whole look of your smile, but it will also become a place for food debris to accumulate. As a result, there is a chance of losing the rest.

Removable dentures

Removable dentures are the most accessible and fast method prosthetics. These prostheses are a plastic gum on which the prostheses are fixed. You can put a prosthesis and replace all the teeth with it if they are not.

With their help, you can replace the entire dentition, then the prosthesis is put on the gum. Or several, then the prosthesis is attached with hooks to healthy tooth surfaces. Due to the relatively low cost, such prostheses are not of high quality.

Very often there are difficulties such as rubbing of the gums, poor fastening and slipping of the prosthesis from the mouth. Appearance also leaves much to be desired. Removable dentures look very unnatural. They need to be constantly removed and washed. Atrophy of tissues under prostheses continues and after some time will be reflected in facial features.

Microprosthetics

This method is the installation of an insignificant prosthesis, with the help of which its appearance changes. Such prostheses look like a very thin plate and are made mainly of ceramic or composite material.

Among such prostheses, veneers, lumineers, and inlays can be distinguished. Veneers and lumineers are used for aesthetic defects in color and shape, they can be used to make even teeth in one day. Inserts are used for partial destruction.

They are made individually for each of the teeth. Before prosthetics, enamel grinding is required, depending on the thickness of the prosthesis and the required restoration parameters. The method has established itself as a fairly high-quality restoration appearance smiles, but it takes time to make prostheses and is quite expensive.

Restoration

Restoration with the help of composite materials is actually a filling on several layers. No preparation is required. If a seal was previously installed, then it is advisable to remove it and replace it with a new one.

The seal is installed on the outside. Two small grooves are made along the edges, which are the border of the restoration. The enamel remains intact. A degreasing and disinfecting composition is applied, then the main filling. Each layer is carefully dried with a lamp. The number of layers depends on the size of the defects.

The procedure is painless and safe. The restoration copes well with minor defects in color and shape, but is intended only for the anterior teeth.

Implants

Implantation has been practiced in dentistry for more than half a century. This is a rather complicated and painful method. Best suited for restoring 1 or 2 teeth. It is the most extreme measure.

The process takes a long time. The main stages of implantation:

• a complete examination, which includes the delivery of tests, x-rays of the jaw;
• selection of a suitable implant;
• preparatory procedures, if necessary, building up bone tissue on the jaw;
• implant placement is performed under anesthesia, a rather complicated operation and requires a long recovery period.

After the procedure, you should visit the doctor periodically to check how the implant takes root.

Fiberglass

It's pretty new method restoration. Due to its strength and safety, fiberglass has become widely used in dentistry. In its properties, it is similar to dentin, stronger than metal, and matches the color of enamel.

Fiberglass is combined with the installation of pins. Once the post is in place, the denture is reshaped using fiberglass.

Photopolymers are widely used in filling, restoration and crowning. Modern photopolymer materials are very durable, have a color palette for every shade of enamel.

The material is applied to the prepared tooth surface, the doctor gives the desired shape and dries with a special lamp.

Then the photopolymers are ground and turned to give the desired shape. At the end, a protective composition is applied, which retains the color of the composite for a long time.

Glassspan technology

This technology is also a novelty in the field of dentistry. The method consists of placing a flexible ceramic bond on the lateral and anterior incisors. Used for both temporary and permanent prosthetics. It can be used to restore damaged and missing teeth.

The technology is painless, does not require recovery period. It is possible to use any dental material for restoration.

Functional recovery

Very often, after inflammatory processes as a result of caries or damage, patients need to restore functionality. This process is to recreate the exact anatomical shape.

This is a very complex and careful work, which takes into account both the position in the row and the correspondence of the teeth of the opposite row.

Cosmetic restoration

This procedure is aimed at changing the color of the enamel and filling microcracks.

It is carried out in a specialized clinic using composite and filling materials.

The procedure does not take long. After the session, the doctor gives recommendations for maintaining the whiteness of the enamel.

The price depends on the bleaching materials and the complexity of the work.

Enamel restoration

Enamel is the protector of teeth from external influences. When it is thinned or damaged, the enamel is negatively affected and begins to break down. If the teeth are worn out, it is important to undergo the enamel restoration procedure as soon as possible.

Ways to restore enamel:

• filling small cracks;
• fluoridation - application of a solution of fluorine, which perfectly strengthens and restores enamel;
• remineralization - application of a mixture of fluorine and calcium;
• the use of veneers;
• application of overlays.

Restoration technologies are constantly being improved, new methods and materials are emerging. Dentists every year offer safer and less painful ways to recreate beautiful smile. At the same time, methods are becoming more and more qualitative, and the result is preserved for many years.

Prostheses are practically no different from natural ones, all their functional abilities are preserved even in the most difficult cases.

How to restore teeth at home

At home, it is possible to independently restore the enamel for free and make it whiter. The main work is to follow the rules of personal oral hygiene. It's not just about cleaning, but about using special pastes.

Dental products with a high fluorine content contribute to the restoration and maintenance of the health of the oral cavity and enamel. Rinses, mouth guards and pastes restore the mineral composition of the enamel and strengthen it.

Self-massage of the gums, a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, the right brush and paste, daily brushing - all this will help maintain healthy teeth.

There are many options for replacing teeth. Each of them is effective in its own way. Which of the methods of restoration to use depends on the degree of destruction, the financial capabilities of the patient and his priorities.

by the most effective way is the prevention of caries at home with the help of proper nutrition and oral hygiene.

Beautiful and healthy teeth are everyone's dream. To have a radiant smile, thorough oral care and regular visits to the dentist are essential. Unfortunately, an unfortunate event and subsequent mechanical damage to the tooth can lead you to the dentist's chair with the only question - is it possible to restore a tooth if it has broken off or even broken at the root? From this article you can find out what can be done with this or that tooth decay.

What can cause tooth decay?

A tooth is a complex element of our body, the treatment of which takes a lot of time and money. Everyone knows that it is necessary to maintain the health of the teeth, however, it happens that at one moment the tooth is chipped, and this causes great discomfort and looks very unaesthetic, especially when the incisors are damaged. In some people, this is due to the genetically weak condition of the teeth, when they are very susceptible to temperature changes, the gums are sensitive and the enamel itself is fragile. Others face tooth decay as a result of diseases such as caries, increased tooth wear and traumatic periodontitis.

Both enamel (the upper layer of the tooth) and dentin (the lower hard layer of the tooth that hides the pulp and nerve endings) can break off, but there are also cases when the tooth is completely destroyed. Whether it is possible to restore a destroyed tooth in one case or another, it is necessary to find out immediately after the injury. Below in the article you will find the criteria for assessing the recoverability of a tooth in case of mechanical damage.

Restoration of teeth: can be performed using filling material or prosthesis

When can a tooth be restored?

To find out if a chipped tooth can be restored, you need to know the extent of the damage. Of course, if at least some part of the tooth remains in the oral cavity, it will not be difficult to build it up. Specialists will help even if only the root remains. But, before proceeding with the restoration, the dentist must make sure that you do not have the following pathologies:

1. Bruxism (teeth grinding);
2. Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity;
3. Bad habits associated with opening bottles, biting threads and chewing hard objects with teeth;
4. Diseases of the blood and nervous system;
5. Caries;
6. Malocclusion;
7. Failure to comply with oral hygiene;
8. Excessive tooth mobility.

In addition to health indications, financial well-being is an important factor, since the restoration and restoration of a tooth costs a lot of money, which can significantly hit your budget.

Restoration of teeth: the possibility of returning a white-toothed smile directly depends on the financial capabilities of a person

How to restore a tooth with different degrees of damage?

Restoration of a chipped front tooth

If you have a small part of the tooth that has broken off, which is more of an aesthetic nature of the problem, in this case it is possible to build up a crown using a filling material. To do this, you will need to do anesthesia, apply a rubber dam and build up a broken corner.

Half tooth restoration

When asked whether it is possible to restore half of the tooth, the answer lies on the surface - it is possible. To do this, use an artificial crown, in some cases, the use of pins is also acceptable. There are specialists who can immediately refuse to restore the remaining half of the tooth. Do not despair, perhaps you should find a more qualified specialist, since in the 21st century it is possible to restore a tooth at almost any stage of damage.

Restoration of a tooth from 1 wall

If you have one wall of the tooth left, is it possible to restore it - a simple question. With the help of an artificial crown, you can restore most of the tooth and protect it from further destruction. The use of pins is advisable only if the incisors or canines are damaged, since on chewing teeth there is a large load and the pins will not be able to cope with it. In addition, a crown is more reliable, especially when less than half of your tooth is left.

Restoration of a fractured tooth

If the tooth is broken at the root, whether it can be restored depends on the length of the remaining root. It should be enough to install implants. The wall thickness of the remaining root of a broken tooth should be at least 1 mm. In this case, the remaining tooth is first strengthened with a pin or stump tab, and then the question arises of restoring the aesthetic appearance. Once the shape of the tooth is restored, the dentist proceeds to the crown part. The color of the enamel that best matches the color of your teeth is selected, various composite materials are used to create the outer layer, and then the implant is polished for maximum naturalness.

Restoration of a completely destroyed tooth

Is it possible to restore a completely destroyed tooth - an open question on this moment. It all depends on whether at least some part of the root remains, and if it remains, then whether it makes sense to restore it. In this case, the best way out may not be an extension, but the installation of a prosthesis. Before deciding whether it is possible to restore a tooth or whether it is better to install an artificial one in its place, a thorough examination of the oral cavity and consultation of a highly qualified dentist is necessary.

So, restoring the appearance of a tooth is a complex process, but, thank God, it is quite real. If you have a chipped or broken tooth, do not wait, but seek help immediately to prevent further tooth decay. If only the root remains of the tooth, all the more you should not hesitate, high-quality pins or an artificial crown will save your situation, the most important thing is the choice of a competent specialist, then your teeth will serve you for many years and decades.

Did you know that you can restore a tooth even if it is more than half destroyed? For the restoration of frontal and lateral teeth, building-up with composites, installation of ceramic veneers and inlays, and prosthetics on a pin are used. And if the tooth is destroyed along with the roots, implantation is suitable.

Choice of aesthetic restoration method

The first specialist you need to contact is a dentist-therapist. After evaluating the degree of destruction of the crown part, the condition of the periodontium, bone and periapical tissues, the doctor will recommend one of the restoration methods:

1. Microprosthetics;
2. Building;
3. Pin installation;
4. Enamel restoration.

Price for restoration work and materials

The cost of the procedure depends on the condition of the crown part of the tooth, the quantity and quality of the materials used, as well as the restoration method that you prefer.

• Restoration of a tooth on a pin will cost 5,000 rubles,
• Partial "repair" of the chip - in 1000 - 3000 rubles.
• Building up the coronal part with high-quality photocomposites costs about 4-6 thousand rubles.
• The price of an implant varies from 15,000 rubles. (Implantium, South Korea and Alpha Bio, Israel) up to 35-40 thousand rubles. (Swedish Nobel Biocare and Astra Tech).

Microprosthetics

Tabs

Microprosthetics is used in the presence of a preserved crown part. If the extent of damage is significant, the tooth is cleaned with a diamond burr and the empty cavity is strengthened with a special inlay.

Veneers

For the aesthetic restoration of the front teeth, veneers are used - ceramic or composite overlays on the front surface.

Procedure steps:

1. Removal of the top layer of enamel.
2. Selection of veneers according to the color of the patient's "native" tissues.
3. Making an impression of the jaw and sending materials to the laboratory.
4. Installation of ceramic veneers.

During the manufacture of permanent veneers, temporary (plastic) ones are placed, so that after the first visit you will leave the dentist with restored, intact teeth.

Please note: veneers can only be placed on a saved crown! In case of traumatic injuries, chips and the absence of the crown part, it is restored by extension or other methods.

Restoration of teeth by extension

Extension is one of the fastest and least traumatic methods of tooth restoration. Dentists recommend building up with light-curing materials for:

• wedge-shaped defects;
• chips;
• carious lesions.

If the patient is missing more than ½ of a tooth, an indirect extension method is used using a crown. The dentist prepares by preparation, then puts an artificial crown on the stump. This protects the remaining hard tissue of the tooth and its root from complete destruction.

The ideal solution for the restoration of chewing teeth that experience the maximum degree of stress is crowns made of metal-ceramic or zirconium dioxide, as they are stronger than other materials. To restore the front teeth, pins are most often used.

Dentists recommend installing a pin when the tooth is destroyed to the level of the gingival margin, and the walls of its crown part have thinned to 1 mm. This is a relatively inexpensive technology that allows you to strengthen the root and make a restoration in one visit to the doctor.

Pins are made of high-strength, durable materials:

• titanium;
• ceramics;
• carbon fiber.

Fiberglass structures are used to restore anterior teeth, since it has physical properties and color similar to dentin.

Before installing the anchor pin, the doctor performs instrumental preparation of the root canal, then fixes the structure and restores the coronal part with a composite. When the root is significantly curved along the axis, the canals are affected by the carious process, and the crown is completely destroyed - the diseased tooth is removed and implanted.

Implantation

The first stage of restoration by implantation can be carried out immediately after removal: the doctor implants the implant into bone tissue jaws. After osseointegration (fusion) of the implant with the periosteum, an abutment (support) and an artificial ceramic crown are installed on it.

Implantation allows you to recreate the anatomical shape, from root to crown, without injuring adjacent teeth, as happens when installing bridge structures. The only disadvantage of the method is its price: the installation of one implant made of titanium alloy, zirconium dioxide or Roxolid biocompatible material will be equal in cost to restoration with composites of 3-4 teeth.

Composite restoration

Using light-curing materials, the dentist can restore the destroyed crown in the presence of one root and “build up” a new tooth on the existing hard tissues.

Restoration with composites is carried out in layers:

• first, materials are applied that are similar in properties and color to natural dentin;
• then the design is covered with transparent enamel balls.

The most common restoration method is with composites on an anchor pin. The shelf life of such a design, subject to the use of imported photopolymers, is from 10 to 15 years.

Materials for restoration of teeth

To recreate the anatomical shape and functions of the dentition, modern dentistry uses Filtek (USA) and Enamel Plus (Italy) photocomposites. These materials are distinguished by the smallest structure and the presence of a large selection of shades, which allows you to create the most natural effect during the restoration. Light-curing composites from Venus (Germany) have ultra-high strength and give the smile a “mirror shine”.

To restore the enamel, fluorine-containing gels and varnishes Voco, Clinpro, Ftorlak and others are used.

Tooth enamel restoration

The composition of the enamel, which is a powerful shield against caries, contains 95% of inorganic substances, therefore, if it is damaged and the sensitivity of the teeth increases, dentists recommend resorting to the remineralization procedure.

To restore enamel, use:

• One-time capping with fluoride gel.
• reusable caps at home.
• coating with fluoride varnish.

Silicone caps that repeat the anatomical shape of the teeth are made individually for each patient. For minor damage to the enamel, the doctor will recommend a coating with a fluorine-containing agent and a healing paste.

Restoration of teeth in children

Trauma and untimely loss of milk teeth are the main reasons for the development of bite defects in a child, which will require expensive orthodontic treatment in the future. An extensive carious process has no less destructive power: having stopped the root canal, it damages the rudiments of permanent teeth. In these cases, even patients of preschool age need to restore hard tissues.

A pediatric dentist chooses a treatment method based on the type of damage, location and number of missing teeth. It could be:

• Preparation (drilling) with restoration with photocomposites;
• installation of removable plate, sliding, cantilever or bridge prostheses.

Dentists remind: with subsequent prosthetics in 30-40 years, each saved tooth will be "worth its weight in gold." Therefore, they say “no” to the removal and recommend that you undergo an examination at the nearest clinic providing aesthetic medicine services.