Mycoplasma hominis in children symptoms. Pulmonary mycoplasmosis: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Mocoplasmosis is a disease that develops as a result of the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms. It is most often transmitted sexually and affects mainly adults. But under certain circumstances, such a disease can appear in a child. Therefore, it is necessary to remember the features of this disease and the method of treatment.

Causes of mycoplasmosis in childhood

Among the main causes of mycoplasmosis in children are:

• Infection from the mother during fetal development. If a woman becomes infected with mycoplasma during pregnancy, the infection can be transmitted to the fetus. Most often this occurs during the passage of the pathogen through the birth canal. In exceptional cases, microorganisms can penetrate the placental barrier. In this case, the course of pregnancy is greatly complicated. Newborns have severe malformations, developmental delay. Nervous and cardiovascular systems, liver.
• Airborne droplet. In this way, mycoplasma pneumonia is transmitted. As a result, respiratory mycoplasmosis develops in children. Most often, infection occurs in the cold season, since the child's body at this moment is weakened and susceptible to various infectious diseases.
• Household way. This method of infection is extremely rare, since mycoplasma does not survive in the air. In exceptional cases, infection occurs when using bed linen, towels or washcloths of an infected person. In this case, the urogenital form of the disease develops, which affects the reproductive system of the child.

Symptoms

Symptoms of the appearance of mycoplasma in a child will depend on the form of the disease. Congenital mycoplasmosis has the following symptoms:

• development of conjunctivitis.
• Subcutaneous abscesses appear.
• Attacks of diarrhea.
• Seizures.
• Symptoms of kidney and liver damage.
• Respiratory system disorder.
• Long healing of the navel.

Mycoplasma hominis in children leads to the appearance of such signs. The incubation period, as a rule, does not exceed a couple of weeks. Therefore, in the first days of life, it is necessary to carefully monitor any changes in the health of the baby.

In case of infection by the domestic route, the urogenital form of the disease develops. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

• Discharge from the genitals. They are quite thin and odorless.
• Itching in the genital area.
• Pain during urination.
• Discomfort in the lower abdomen.

The most common form of the disease is respiratory. She has symptoms of the disease. respiratory tract in an acute form, namely:

• An increase in body temperature to an indicator of 37.5 degrees.
• Cough, which may be dry at first, and later there is sputum production.
• Redness of the oral mucosa.
• Nasal congestion.
• Sore throat.
• The child becomes lethargic, his appetite may disappear, he constantly wants to sleep.

You cannot make a diagnosis on your own. In order to accurately determine the appearance of mycoplasma in a child, a thorough medical examination is necessary.

Making an accurate diagnosis

Diagnosis of the disease is quite difficult. Symptoms are similar to many other problems, so doctors can not immediately develop the correct examination technique.

Among the main diagnostic methods are:

• X-ray examination. It is possible to establish a change in the interlobar and costal pleura.
• General blood analysis. It will help to identify the inflammatory process occurring in the body.
• Bacteriological culture. During this procedure, a sample taken from a child is placed in a nutrient medium. After some time, microorganisms begin to actively multiply, and they become visible under a microscope.
• Serological study. In the course of such a study, the presence of antibodies to mycoplasma in the child's blood is detected.
• polymerase chain reaction. Allows you to determine the presence of mycoplasma genes in the test sample. This technique allows you to accurately separate this type of pathogen from others. But it does not allow to assess the severity of the lesion. The time for such an analysis is no more than two days. Before giving a sample, the child will have to refrain from going to the toilet for two hours.
• Immunofluorescence. During this study, the selected sample is treated with a special composition. As a result, the mycoplasma begins to fluoresce.

Read also related

What is mycoplasmosis hominis in women and how to treat it

Only after a full diagnosis can we talk about the presence of mycoplasmosis. It is especially important to identify mycoplasma pneumoni in time.

Dr. Komarovsky urges parents to pay close attention to the health of their babies in September-October. This time is considered the most favorable for infection.

Basic therapeutic methods

Timely detection of mycoplasma in children by symptoms and the start of treatment will be the key quick recovery health. Pathogenic microorganisms of this kind do not respond well to antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to choose exactly the remedy that will be effective in a particular situation.

Specialists use in therapy the following antibacterial drugs:

• Summed. Main active substance becomes azithromycin. The dosage is calculated based on the body weight of the child.
• Erythromycin. Recommended for use in severe cases.
• Rondomycin.
• Tetracycline.
• Clindamycin.

Antibacterial therapy has a negative effect on the intestinal microflora, since not only harmful, but also beneficial microorganisms die from the action of the drug. Therefore, along with antibiotics, the use of probiotics is indicated. The composition of such drugs contains strains of beneficial bacteria. For kids better fit Bifiform, Hilak Forte, Acipol and some others.

In case of damage to the respiratory tract with respiratory mycoplasmosis, you will need to take expectorants. The safest syrups are Doctor MOM and Doctor Thais. They have a pleasant taste and aroma, so it is not difficult to give them to a child.

If mycoplasmosis is accompanied by elevated body temperature, then it is necessary to take antipyretic drugs. Children are best given Nurofen. For kids, get syrup, and for teenagers, tablets are suitable.

The disease greatly affects the baby's immune system. Therefore, in some cases, experts recommend the use of immunomodulating agents. These include Interferon. It is available in the form of drops, which must be regularly instilled into the child's nose.

The choice of specific drugs should be under the supervision of the attending physician. It determines the dosage and duration of therapy. An overdose of drugs can cause side effects. To monitor the effectiveness of treatment, you will need to take tests.

At the same time with drug therapy the child must adhere to a dietary diet. All heavy meals should be excluded from his diet. Food should be light and quickly absorbed by the body. Provide your baby with a full drinking regimen. In addition to a sufficient amount of clean water, give him berry fruit drinks and compotes, fruit juices.

Therapy with folk remedies

Treatment of mycoplasmosis in children can be carried out using prescriptions traditional medicine. But such therapy should not be the only method. It can only be used as a supplement to drug treatment. Among the most effective recipes the following can be distinguished:

• Mix three tablespoons of birch leaves, immortelle and knotweed. Add four tablespoons of plantain to the mixture. Mix ingredients thoroughly. Steam two tablespoons of the resulting composition with two cups of boiling water. After 10 hours, the infusion must be poured into a saucepan and boiled. It remains only to filter and cool. Give the child 50 ml of the prepared decoction three times a day.
• Prepare a collection of two parts of the meadowsweet and 1 part of St. John's wort. Steam two tablespoons of the prepared mixture with two cups of boiling water. Simmer in a water bath for 10 minutes. After that, filter and cool the prepared broth. Give the child in the amount of 50 ml three times a day, do this before feeding.
• Prepare a collection of upland uterus, wintergreen and winter love, taken in equal quantities. Steam 45 grams of this composition with three cups of boiling water. Leave for 45 minutes. After that, filter the infusion and give the child half a glass three times a day. The duration of such patience can reach 28 days.
• Enter in two tablespoons of oak bark a spoonful of boron uterus. Mix the composition well and steam it with 300 cl of boiling water. After 45 minutes, the infusion is ready. They are recommended to douching the genitals of girls.
• Delicious and effective medicine becomes a blueberry. Brew tea from the leaves and berries of this plant. It is enough just to pour raw materials with boiling water and soak for about 10 minutes. This infusion should be given to the child three times a day. To improve the taste, add a little sugar, and honey is better.
• Respiratory mycoplasmosis can be defeated by inhalation. In boiling water, send a little sage, eucalyptus, chamomile, St. John's wort and celandine. The child must inhale the vapors of the boiling liquid for 15 minutes. Such procedures must be repeated every day before putting the baby to bed.
• Mycoplasma in children often penetrates into the mucous surfaces of the nasopharynx. Rinsing can help in such a situation. To prepare the solution, add 10 grams of propolis to 100 mo of alcohol. Leave for a few days. After that, filter the resulting tincture. In a glass of clean warm water, dilute 30 drops of the prepared tincture. Gargle with this liquid. These procedures are repeated four times a day.

A sexually transmitted venereal disease. It would seem that children cannot have it, but although unprotected sexual contact is the main way of infection, it is not the only one. For children, this disease is no less dangerous than for adults, the consequences and complications are severe, and it is difficult to treat. Is it possible to save a child from the disease and what preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risks?

• airborne;
• domestic;
• contact;
• vertical (from mother to fetus).

About 70 varieties of mycoplasma are known to science. According to ICD-10, they were assigned the code A49. The infection is characterized by the ability to affect the genitals, gastrointestinal tract, lungs (most often in children), and the central nervous system.

Ways of infection of children's mycoplasmosis

This topic has already been raised above, let's consider it in more detail:

• Childbirth. Most often, children get the disease when passing through the birth canal at the time of birth. At this moment, the baby is very vulnerable to environmental conditions - his immunity is weak, placental protection no longer works.

• Pregnancy. During pregnancy, the risk of infection is significantly lower. The placenta protects the fetus from germs, but in some cases mycoplasma can overcome this barrier. In such a situation, the danger is increased - a miscarriage is possible.
• Airborne spread of mycoplasma causing pneumonia. Most often, this happens in winter, when the number of children with colds is greater. Children cough and sneeze, spreading the infection around them. The risks of intensive development of the infection are higher than in other situations, since in winter the baby's immunity is weakened by itself. If at the same time he receives less vitamins, then serious consequences are almost inevitable.
• household way The spread of mycoplasma is not taken seriously by most doctors - the probability of transmission of the infection is too small. Theoretically, you can get germs when using bed linen or other people's toys, but mycoplasma is very sensitive to aggressive conditions, it lives in the open air for a few minutes. In other words, the household way is possible, but only when the infected object is transferred from hand to hand and with an instant touch of this object or dirty hands on the genitals.

Is there a high probability of such a combination of circumstances? Not really, which means that more attention should be paid to other routes of infection.

Symptoms

Signs of mycoplasmosis may vary depending on the route of infection. Since the most common method of infection transmission is respiratory (airborne), we will start with it. When infected, the following symptoms appear:

• nasal congestion, accompanied by a sore throat;
• the temperature rises to 37.5, but not higher than 37.9;
• cough (when it enters the advanced stage, it becomes wet);
• the mouth turns red;
• appetite is lost, the child becomes weak and lethargic, capriciousness increases.

These symptoms are similar to those of a cold infection. The situation is dangerous because proper treatment leads to a loss of time, and hence to the further development of mycoplasma.

With congenital mycoplasmosis, the symptoms are different. It can manifest itself immediately at birth, but more often after the end of the incubation period (2-3 weeks, depending on the strength of the immunity of a small patient):

• conjunctivitis;
• subcutaneous abscess;
• convulsions;
• diarrhea;
• labored breathing;
• too long healing of the navel.

Additional signs of the disease can only be detected by a doctor. They consist in congenital damage to the kidneys and liver. This may indicate other pathologies, but if there are other symptoms of mycoplasmosis, then the doctor will have no doubts.

With domestic infection, the symptoms may coincide with the respiratory form, but this rarely happens. Usually observed:

• pain when urinating (the child may not always complain, so you need to monitor his reaction);
• transparent discharge from the genitals, odorless;
• pain in the lower abdomen.

If we are talking about very young children, then most of the symptoms may go unnoticed. Fortunately, the urogenital form of the disease among children is very rare.

Diagnostics

Symptoms of the disease manifest themselves only when the mycoplasma begins to multiply and "carry out" active harmful activity when the patient's immunity level drops. In other cases, the disease can only be recognized through tests. But even with severe symptoms laboratory research will be prescribed with almost one hundred percent probability - without them it is impossible to determine a specific strain of mycoplasma, which means that it will not be possible to prescribe the correct treatment:

1. PCR (polymerase chain reaction). It is considered the most accurate method for diagnosing any sexually transmitted diseases. In the laboratory, the DNA of the pathogen is detected, as well as its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.
2. Bioseeding. A sample of pathogenic microflora is grown from the patient's biomaterial (blood, saliva, secretions from the genital organs, sputum). The accuracy is comparable to PCR, but such an analysis takes longer - up to three weeks.
3. Biopsy. Practically not used, especially for children. This is too much stress for the body, which allows you to detect tumors. Since mycoplasmosis usually does not cause cancer, there is no point in such an analysis.

A general blood test can theoretically detect mycoplasma, but this is of little use - it will not be possible to determine the exact strain, more detailed studies will still be required.

Treatment

Remember - it is impossible to completely kill mycoplasma. All existing drugs only inhibit the activity of the microorganism. So if you are offered a panacea for this disease, then you will have a scammer in front of you. The main drugs against mycoplasmosis in children:

• Sumamed (according to the instructions, it is difficult to calculate the dosage, you need to focus on the weight of the child, and this should be done by a doctor, the cost of the drug is about 500 rubles);
• Clindamycin ( costs around 350 rubles);
• Rondomycin (prescribed only by a doctor, rarely found on sale, it is impossible to determine the average cost);
• Tetracycline ( costs no more than 100 rubles, often even cheaper);
• Erythromycin (for adults often becomes the mainstay of treatment, children are prescribed in emergency cases, costs about 130 rubles).

In the case of children, the combination of several drugs is not recommended. Antibiotics greatly affect the gastrointestinal tract, as well as immunity. The problem is that without a strong immune defense it is impossible to cope with mycoplasma, you need to strengthen it.

To do this, fruits and vegetables are added to the diet, the child should walk more often in the fresh air. You should also ensure the “correct” sanitary conditions in the house:

1. regular cleaning;
2. ventilation;
3. thorough laundry.

If we add to this list the reception vitamin complexes(after consultation with a doctor), we will receive a full range of preventive measures necessary to combat childhood mycoplasmosis.

During treatment, the child should be given immunostimulating drugs. The best option is Interferon. The tool costs about 130 rubles.

Complications and prognosis

If the disease is not treated, then complications cannot be avoided. Mycoplasma "works" slowly but surely. With timely therapy, the risks are reduced, the body mobilizes all forces to fight the disease. The microbe recedes, the baby is happy. Among the most common complications of childhood mycoplasmosis are:

• encephalitis (brain damage);
• pyelonephritis (kidney problems);
• infertility (in boys, impotence may be added in the future);
• arthritis (inflammation of the joints).

If the disease struck the baby even in the womb, then deformities of the limbs and face are possible. Heart and lung defects are in second place. Often there are miscarriages.

All these troubles can be avoided with the observance of elementary preventive measures. Avoid casual sexual intercourse, so you protect the child from infection. Teach your baby to personal hygiene - so the child can protect himself. And most importantly - strengthen children's immunity, because it is he who is the main weapon against the insidious children's mycoplasma!

You can find out the opinion of a specialist by watching this video about the causes of mycoplasmosis in children, as well as what treatment methods are available.

Children most often develop respiratory mycoplasmosis, the causative agent of which is Mycoplasma pneumonia. This microorganism is spread by airborne droplets and populates the mucous membranes of the child's respiratory tract. Also, mycoplasma infection can be transmitted to the child from the mother during pregnancy or during childbirth. In this case, the respiratory tract is also affected, but the causative agent of the disease is the urogenital mycoplasma hominis.

Respiratory mycoplasmosis develops most often against the background of reduced immunity in the cold season. This disease is relatively easy to treat. For the treatment of mycoplasma in children, folk remedies can be used. This treatment has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. It is also very important to strengthen the child's immunity with the help of courses of folk remedies. In this case, the baby's body will fight the infection itself.

Exciter characteristic

Mycoplasma infects the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract or the genitourinary system. In children, it is the respiratory form of the disease that most often develops, even if the infection occurred from a sick mother during the passage of the baby through the birth canal, and the causative agent of the infection is Mycoplasma hominis.

Causes of the disease

Mycoplasmosis is an infectious disease that is always transmitted from one person to another. Mycoplasma is a bacterium sensitive to environmental factors. In the external environment, mycoplasma quickly dies.

There are three main routes of transmission of mycoplasma infection to children:

1. Infection from the mother during fetal development or when passing through the birth canal.

If a woman had a mycoplasma infection during pregnancy, it can be passed on to the baby. Most often, infection occurs when the baby passes through the birth canal. In this way, other pathogenic microorganisms can also be transmitted: chlamydia, Candida fungus, various viruses. At the same time, urogenital infections can cause the respiratory form of mycoplasmosis and conjunctivitis. V rare cases mycoplasma infection in the mother can lead to the development of intrauterine infection. In this case, the course of pregnancy is disrupted, and the child may experience serious illnesses developmental delay. The newborn suffers from a generalized infection, lesions of the nervous system, heart, liver.

Airborne infection. Respiratory mycoplasmosis is transmitted from one patient to another by airborne droplets or airborne dust. Infection usually occurs during the cold season, during the period of exacerbation of all respiratory diseases. A child can become infected in kindergarten, school, transport, at various events. Such a disease often occurs against the background of a decrease in the body's natural defenses.

Domestic infection. Within the same family, transmission of the infection from adults to the baby is possible. This happens when using one towel, washcloth, bed linen. In this case, the baby may develop a urogenital form of the disease with damage to the genitals, urethra, Bladder and kidneys. Mycoplasma hominis can cause this disease.

Symptoms of the disease

The first signs of the disease occur after a short incubation period (from several days to two weeks). Respiratory mycoplasmosis in children is manifested characteristic features acute respiratory disease. The bacterium begins to develop on the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses and upper respiratory tract, and later affects the bronchi and alveoli of the lungs. If the inflammatory process spreads to the lungs, the child develops pneumonia.

Symptoms of respiratory mycoplasmosis in children:

• the temperature rises to 37–37.5 0С;
• symptoms of intoxication: headache, weakness, lethargy, irritability;
• stuffy nose;
• sore or sore throat;
• redness of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract;
• if the mycoplasmal infectious process spreads to the mucous membrane of the eyes, conjunctivitis may develop, redness of the sclera of the eyes, lacrimation occurs;
• when the bronchi are affected, a dry cough occurs;

If the treatment of the disease was ineffective, the child may develop lung damage - pneumonia. Clinical manifestations pneumonia:

• the temperature rises to 39°C;
• over time, a small amount of clear or whitish sputum may appear;
• cough becomes painful, prolonged;
• the general condition worsens: a headache, weakness, emotional disorders appear, the child becomes capricious.

Symptoms of mycoplasmosis in children are similar to those of other respiratory diseases, in particular viral infections. In order to assign effective treatment an accurate diagnosis is required.

Also in children, mycoplasma infection of the genitourinary system may occur. At the same time, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genital organs, the urethra, and the bladder develops. The infection can cause kidney damage - pyelonephritis.

If intrauterine infection of the newborn has occurred, such children are often born prematurely. In the future, they may experience a lag in mental and physical development. Also, these children have reduced immunity, and they often develop concomitant infections: chlamydia, candida, and others. Congenital mycoplasmosis is manifested by respiratory diseases, rash, conjunctivitis, increased lymph nodes, jaundice. In severe cases, mycoplasma leads to sepsis (blood poisoning) or meningitis. The disease can result in the death of the newborn.

Diagnosis of the disease

Mycoplasma infectious process at the beginning is reminiscent of acute respiratory infections. Often parents think that the child has a common cold and are in no hurry to get diagnosed. In order to make an accurate diagnosis, you need to conduct a series of studies. In the respiratory form of the disease, the patient is examined, listening to him chest. This allows you to identify wheezing and foci of lung damage. They also examine the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

An accurate diagnosis can only be made with the help of laboratory tests:

1. General blood analysis. Such an analysis shows the presence of an inflammatory process in the body.
2. Microscopic examination of the sample. Allows detection of bacterial cells in the sample.
3. Bacteriological inoculation of the sample. Mycoplasma can be grown on special nutrient media to determine the type of disease and the sensitivity of the strain to antibiotics.
4. Immunological study. In the blood serum, the presence of antibodies, in particular, IgM to mycoplasma, is detected.
5. PCR analysis. The most accurate diagnostic method that detects the genes of a microorganism in a sample.

Treatment of the disease

Mycoplasma in children most often manifests itself as a respiratory disease. There are folk remedies that will help to cope with the infection. Alternative treatment mycoplasma infection is safer because it has no side effects. The safety of therapy in the treatment of children is especially important.

For the treatment of mycoplasma infection, the following recipes are used:

1. Herbal decoction number 1. For the treatment of mycoplasma infection, you need to prepare a collection of 1 part of St. John's wort leaves and 2 parts of meadowsweet grass. For 400 mo of boiling water, you need to take 2 tbsp. l. such a collection, soak in a water bath for 10 minutes, cool and strain. The child should be given 50 ml of decoction 3-4 times a day before meals.
2. Herbal decoction number 2. It is necessary to prepare a collection of 3 parts of immortelle flowers, birch leaves and knotweed grass and 4 parts of plantain and bearberry leaves. 2 tbsp. l. such a mixture should be poured with 400 ml of water and left to infuse for 8-10 hours. After that, the infusion should be brought to a boil and kept on low heat for several minutes, then cooled and filtered. The child is given 50 mo of decoction 3-4 times a day.
3. Blueberry. Effective folk recipe for the treatment of mycoplasmosis - a tea from the leaves and berries of blueberries. Vegetable raw materials are poured with boiling water. insist 10 minutes and give the child instead of tea. You can drink this infusion 3-4 times a day. You can add honey to your tea if you like.
4. Inhalations. Inhalation will be useful for the treatment of pneumonia. The child must breathe over a pot of broth medicinal herbs: sage, chamomile, eucalyptus, St. John's wort, celandine and others. Duration of the procedure: 10-15 minutes. Inhalation should be done every night before going to bed.
5. Propolis for rinsing. Mycoplasmas also infect the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. It is useful to rinse the nasal passages and gargle with propolis tincture. The remedy is prepared as follows: 10 g of propolis is poured into 100 ml of alcohol and left to infuse for several days, then filtered through several layers of gauze. For washing and rinsing, propolis tincture must be dissolved in warm boiled water (30 drops per 100 ml of water). The procedure should be carried out 4-5 times a day.

Forecast and prevention

The prognosis of mycoplasma infection depends on the form of the disease. If we talk about congenital mycoplasmosis, then the prognosis may be unfavorable. The child may develop a generalized infectious process, meningitis, encephalitis, liver damage and other internal organs. Also, with intrauterine infection, the baby is often born prematurely and with pathologies of intrauterine development.

For the respiratory form of the disease, the prognosis is favorable. Most often, the infectious process lasts 1–1.5 weeks and ends with a complete recovery. Sometimes a child develops mycoplasmal pneumonia, but this disease is also mild and proceeds without complications.

To prevent intrauterine mycoplasma infection, a woman planning pregnancy should be screened for the presence of mycoplasma before conception. Also during pregnancy it is necessary to avoid casual sex and unprotected contacts. It is important for a woman to observe the rules of personal hygiene and not to use someone else's towel, washcloth, bed linen, since in rare cases the disease can be transmitted by household means.

Prevention of respiratory mycoplasmosis in children is similar to the prevention of other seasonal respiratory diseases. During periods of outbreaks of acute respiratory infections, it is better to avoid crowded places and use masks. It is also important to strengthen the child's immunity, since mycoplasma infection often develops against the background of oppressed immune system.

Diet is important for strengthening the immune system. You need to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Useful will be sports and walks in the fresh air, hardening. It is recommended twice a year, in spring and autumn, to drink preventive courses of folk remedies to strengthen immunity. This practice will help prevent the development of various infectious diseases.

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Mycoplasmosis in children

Symptoms of mycoplasmosis in children

Its causative agent is mycoplasmas - these are unicellular organisms with a very thin membrane. They are not subject to classification, and are separated separately. These microorganisms penetrate into organisms, feed, divide, however, complete independent vital activity in environment them is impossible. They can stay for some time in the ground and warm water bodies, but they can multiply rapidly only in the human body. Mycoplasmas mainly infect the body of cattle, dogs, mice, various types of birds, as well as human body. Mycoplases are of many types, but for humans, only 4 species are pathogenic. Most of all, these microorganisms affect the mucous membranes of both animals and humans and are pathogenic bacteria for organisms.

They cause inflammation of the genitourinary system (ureoplasmosis) in children, regardless of age. This disease is most susceptible to children who have a weakened immune system or as complications after infectious diseases.

The disease can be transmitted in different ways:

• Airborne and through household items. Infection can occur among crowds of people. For example, you can get infected in a kindergarten, school, park.
• The transfer route. This is the transmission of infection from mother to child. Most often, these symptoms can manifest themselves in the eyes and the defeat of the respiratory tract. Most often, girls who have a predisposition to inflammation of the genitourinary system suffer from this disease.

How is respiratory mycoplasmosis manifested?

Respiratory mycoplasmosis in children can be divided into different groups:

• respiratory,
• pneumonic,
• urogenital (genitourinary organs),
• perinatal (intrauterine infection),
• generalized (damage to tissues and organs).

Respiratory mycoplasmosis is most often detected in children, because the weak immune system is constantly affected by infections of the upper tract. However, mycoplasma infection is one of the simple and easily tolerated forms. The period of development of the disease in a child lasts from 5 to 10 days. Most of all spreads in the autumn-winter period. Most commonly, mycoplasmas infect respiratory system. Respiratory mycoplasmosis can only be contracted by airborne droplets. Therefore, local foci of infection are places of congestion of sick people. These are kindergartens, schools, and institutions where infected people can be.

As a rule, microorganisms enter the child through the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose. Attached to the shell, they begin to release into the body, toxic substances - adhesins. The incubation period usually lasts from a week to a month. The development of the disease depends on the degree of health of the body and the immune system. If symptoms appear faster, then it will be mild and recovery will come faster.

Symptoms are difficult and often manifest, doctors may make a mistake in making a diagnosis, and take the symptoms of mycoplasmosis for a viral disease.

What symptoms appear in children from mycoplasmosis?

The infection has incubation period in 7-14 days, but it can take up to a month. At each age, the symptoms in a child manifest themselves in different ways and have their own characteristic signs:

• The child does not breathe through the nose, snot and cough appear. These symptoms last for about 14 days.
• Fever state. In children aged 7 to 14, the temperature can rise to 39-40C. This temperature is difficult to get off, and can last up to 2-3 days.
• There is weakness, discomfort in the stomach, nausea, loss of appetite.
• The appearance of cramps in the stomach, pain in the bones and muscles, headaches.
• At a severe stage of the disease, the skin in some places may acquire a bluish tint.
• If the child also has pneumonia, then symptoms of severe tachycardia are noted.

What are the consequences of mycoplasmosis?

Complications after mycoplasmosis can be divided into 2 groups: specific and nonspecific.

Specific: all types of meningitis and neuritis, monoarthritis (especially large joints), myocarditis, pericarditis, Reiter's syndrome (inflammation of the vessels of the eyes, genitourinary system), thrombocytopenia, pneumothorax and others.

Nonspecific complications are formed when the bacterial flora in the body is disturbed. It can be pyelonephritis, sinusitis, otitis and others.

How to treat mycoplasmosis in children?

In order to diagnose and deliver the correct treatment, it is necessary to take a blood test for antibodies.

Indicators of the analysis for antibodies. Values ​​that are within the normal range Age IgA level (g / l) 0-5 months 0.02-0.5 2-5 months 0.04-0.8 5-9 months 0.08-0, months 0, 15-0 months 0.15-1.1 2-3 years 0.18-1.5 3-5 years 0.25-1.6 5-8 years 0.35-2 years 0.45-2 .6 Children field 12 years old and adults 0.4-3.5

When mycoplasmosis is in the acute phase, then it is necessary to treat it with such a scheme:

• A strict diet, which should consist of light foods containing all the necessary trace elements.
• To strengthen the immune system, it is recommended to drink multivitamin complexes (alphabet, detox, passilat, pikovit, lamin vision, bisque and others)
• Drug treatment is also used, then it is prescribed to take 2-3 generation antibiotics: spiramycin, azithromycin, vilprafen, clarithromycin.

Mycoplasma infection is treated depending on the lesion. Such treatment must be very strict. For example, when severe lesions of the nervous system begin, benemycin, tetraolean are prescribed. Prescribed along with antibiotics hormonal preparations- prednisolone.

To eliminate microorganisms from the body, drugs are used that prevent intoxication of the body, drugs that increase blood flow and increase blood thinning (heparin), antispasmodics, expectorants (tussin), antioxidants. To consolidate the result, physiotherapy procedures are used. After recovery, it is necessary to undergo treatment to strengthen the body. Constantly be under the supervision of a doctor, and monitor how the treatment is going. After recovery, it is necessary to go to the pulmonologist for about 2 more months.

What preventive measures are being taken?

As a rule, the treatment proceeds very well, but it should be remembered that even after recovery, the baby still remains a carrier of the virus for more than a couple of months. Usually, this disease lasts about 14 days, but if at the same time the baby also fell ill with pneumonia, then the treatment lasts up to 30 days. To protect others, it is necessary not to take the baby to kindergarten or school for about a week. To date, mycoplasma infection of any kind can be treated very well and recovery is mostly uneventful.

Do not be afraid of the word mycoplasmosis. It is better to pay more attention to the hardening of the child, strengthen his immune system and mycoplasma infection will not affect your baby. Stay healthy.

JMedic.ru

Mycoplasma pneumonia that developed in children is one of the varieties of atypical pneumonia, characterized by mild or moderate severity, with blurring of clinical symptoms in children and a peculiar x-ray picture. Of all atypical pneumonias, it is the most "harmless", proceeding in the form of moderate or mild severity.

Etiology of the pathogen

Epidemiology of infectious disease

The prevalence of mycoplasma pneumonia is about 20% of the total number of pneumonia in children and adolescents, outbreaks of mycoplasma infection are periodically recorded in children's groups. So the disease can not be called rare.

Clinic of the disease

Mycoplasma pneumonia is characterized by symptoms that are atypical for pneumonia in children: severe headache, subfebrile temperature (that is, a rise in temperature to 37.0-37.5 degrees Celsius), a rare dry, unproductive cough that lasts up to 3 weeks, a catarrhal symptom, perspiration in throat. Very rarely, but there are also severe forms of mycoplasmal pneumonia in children. They are manifested by an increase in fever to febrile values, severe lymphadenopathy, myalgia, a polymorphic rash (sometimes) also occurs, arthralgia, enlargement of the liver and spleen, bacteriuria and protein excretion in the urine, severe intoxication symptoms may occur. These symptoms usually occur in immunocompromised patients. That is, even such a not particularly dangerous mycoplasma can cause these kinds of symptoms.

Diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia

In the figure - mycoplasmal pneumonia in the picture.

As usual, the establishment of any diagnosis begins with the collection of complaints and anamnesis of the patient. It is necessary to analyze the leading symptoms. In most cases, mycoplasma infection in children manifests subacutely, with symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection, nasopharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis. Naturally, the treatment that the patient prescribes to himself or what pharmacists recommend to him does not have the desired effect (in best case simply relieves the symptoms) and he still decides to seek professional medical help.

The most interesting thing is that such a patient comes to the doctor with similar complaints, only notes that these symptoms have lasted for a long period of time. At the very least, the fact that the patient has not had a runny nose for more than a week, the cough remains dry or unproductive, persistent subfebrile condition is stable, should alert the doctor. After analyzing the above symptoms and the meager manifestations of the disease, which were confirmed by the physical examination data (weakening of breathing, single moist rales), the doctor, as a rule, will prescribe the passage of basic laboratory and clinical methods research. These include general analysis blood, general urinalysis, chest x-ray (important - it is a plain chest x-ray, and not fluorography). For general clinical analyzes, the manifestation of an inflammatory process, which is not very pronounced, will be characteristic. On an x-ray (must be done in two projections), an inhomogeneous infiltration of mild or moderate severity is visualized, a violation of the bronchial and vascular pattern with the appearance of diffuse loop-like and mesh elements.

In order to definitely identify the pathogen and make an etiological diagnosis, it is necessary to pass a culture for mycoplasma. Taking into account the fact that mycoplasma grows very, very poorly on nutrient media, it can be said that this analysis is inappropriate. Using the determination of antibodies in blood serum in children is an effective option, however, due to the fact that the analysis will be ready in a week or two, it will have only retrospective value (that is, it will simply confirm the diagnosis, nothing more). So despite all the achievements modern science and techniques, how pneumonia was treated by purely empirical methods, and is treated in a similar way today. And, it can be noted that it is quite successful.

1. The main point in the treatment of this pathology is the appointment of macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin or roxilide. These drugs are prescribed at the rate of one tablet per day, a course of seven to ten days.
2. Another important point – rational therapy probiotics. Linex or lactovit-forte is prescribed one capsule three times a day (for ten days) in order to prevent dysbiosis.
3. It is necessary, among other things, the appointment of expectorants and antitussives - flavamed and erespal 1 tablet 3 times a day each drug, course for 10 days,
4. As an important addition to the main course of treatment, nebulizer therapy is recommended:

• inhalation with mineral water"Borjomi" for 5 minutes 3 times a day (potentiate the expectorant effect of the therapy used);
• inhalations with dioxidine for 5 minutes 3 times a day (disinfecting effect on the respiratory tract);
• inhalations with ambrobene (solution) for 5 minutes 3 times a day.

  Severe mycoplasma pneumonia.

  conclusions

  Mycoplasma pneumonia is one of the types of atypical pneumonia that occurs relatively easily in children, but even in this case it is necessary to prescribe competent treatment in a timely manner (which is very difficult due to poor symptoms) in order to avoid any complications. You should not wait for the results of the tests - it is necessary, at the slightest suspicion of an atypical process, to immediately prescribe the appropriate antibiotic therapy, this will cure the disease at its very beginning. In addition, before switching to a stronger antibacterial drug (for example, from ceftriaxone to amikacin or thienem), if the base antibiotic is ineffective, you should simply add any macrolide to the scheme - roxylide is best, it has already managed to prove itself on the good side (especially in the treatment of atypical infections in pregnant women).

  Signs, diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasmosis in children

  Mocoplasmosis is a disease that develops as a result of the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms. It is most often transmitted sexually and affects mainly adults. But under certain circumstances, such a disease can appear in a child. Therefore, it is necessary to remember the features of this disease and the method of treatment.

  Causes of mycoplasmosis in childhood

  Among the main causes of mycoplasmosis in children are:

  • Infection from the mother during fetal development. If a woman becomes infected with mycoplasma during pregnancy, the infection can be transmitted to the fetus. Most often this occurs during the passage of the pathogen through the birth canal. In exceptional cases, microorganisms can penetrate the placental barrier. In this case, the course of pregnancy is greatly complicated. Newborns have severe malformations, developmental delay. First of all, the nervous and cardiovascular systems, the liver suffer.
  • Airborne droplet. In this way, mycoplasma pneumonia is transmitted. As a result, respiratory mycoplasmosis develops in children. Most often, infection occurs in the cold season, since the child's body at this moment is weakened and susceptible to various infectious diseases.
  • Household way. This method of infection is extremely rare, since mycoplasma does not survive in the air. In exceptional cases, infection occurs when using bed linen, towels or washcloths of an infected person. In this case, the urogenital form of the disease develops, which affects the reproductive system of the child.

  Symptoms

  Symptoms of the appearance of mycoplasma in a child will depend on the form of the disease. Congenital mycoplasmosis has the following symptoms:

  • development of conjunctivitis.
  • Subcutaneous abscesses appear.
  • Attacks of diarrhea.
  • Seizures.
  • Symptoms of kidney and liver damage.
  • Respiratory system disorder.
  • Long healing of the navel.

  Mycoplasma hominis in children leads to the appearance of such signs. The incubation period, as a rule, does not exceed a couple of weeks. Therefore, in the first days of life, it is necessary to carefully monitor any changes in the health of the baby.

  In case of infection by the domestic route, the urogenital form of the disease develops. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

  • Discharge from the genitals. They are quite thin and odorless.
  • Itching in the genital area.
  • Pain during urination.
  • Discomfort in the lower abdomen.

  The most common form of the disease is respiratory. It is characterized by signs of an acute respiratory tract disease, namely:

  • An increase in body temperature to an indicator of 37.5 degrees.
  • Cough, which may be dry at first, and later there is sputum production.
  • Redness of the oral mucosa.
  • Nasal congestion.
  • Sore throat.
  • The child becomes lethargic, his appetite may disappear, he constantly wants to sleep.

  You cannot make a diagnosis on your own. In order to accurately determine the appearance of mycoplasma in a child, a thorough medical examination is necessary.

  Making an accurate diagnosis

  Diagnosis of the disease is quite difficult. Symptoms are similar to many other problems, so doctors can not immediately develop the correct examination technique.

  Among the main diagnostic methods are:

  • X-ray examination. It is possible to establish a change in the interlobar and costal pleura.
  • General blood analysis. It will help to identify the inflammatory process occurring in the body.
  • Bacteriological culture. During this procedure, a sample taken from a child is placed in a nutrient medium. After some time, microorganisms begin to actively multiply, and they become visible under a microscope.
  • Serological study. In the course of such a study, the presence of antibodies to mycoplasma in the child's blood is detected.
  • polymerase chain reaction. Allows you to determine the presence of mycoplasma genes in the test sample. This technique allows you to accurately separate this type of pathogen from others. But it does not allow to assess the severity of the lesion. The time for such an analysis is no more than two days. Before giving a sample, the child will have to refrain from going to the toilet for two hours.
  • Immunofluorescence. During this study, the selected sample is treated with a special composition. As a result, the mycoplasma begins to fluoresce.

  Only after a full diagnosis can we talk about the presence of mycoplasmosis. It is especially important to identify mycoplasma pneumoni in time.

  Dr. Komarovsky urges parents to pay close attention to the health of their babies in September-October. This time is considered the most favorable for infection.

  Basic therapeutic methods

  Timely detection of mycoplasma in children by symptoms and the start of treatment will be the key to a quick recovery of health. Pathogenic microorganisms of this kind do not respond well to antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to choose exactly the remedy that will be effective in a particular situation.

  Specialists use the following antibacterial drugs in therapy:

  • Summed. The main active ingredient is azithromycin. The dosage is calculated based on the body weight of the child.
  • Erythromycin. Recommended for use in severe cases.
  • Rondomycin.
  • Tetracycline.
  • Clindamycin.

  Antibacterial therapy has a negative effect on the intestinal microflora, since not only harmful, but also beneficial microorganisms die from the action of the drug. Therefore, along with antibiotics, the use of probiotics is indicated. The composition of such drugs contains strains of beneficial bacteria. For children, Bifiform, Hilak Forte, Acipol and some others are better suited.

  In case of damage to the respiratory tract with respiratory mycoplasmosis, you will need to take expectorants. The safest syrups are Doctor MOM and Doctor Thais. They have a pleasant taste and aroma, so it is not difficult to give them to a child.

  If mycoplasmosis is accompanied by elevated body temperature, then it is necessary to take antipyretic drugs. Children are best given Nurofen. For kids, get syrup, and for teenagers, tablets are suitable.

  The disease greatly affects the baby's immune system. Therefore, in some cases, experts recommend the use of immunomodulating agents. These include Interferon. It is available in the form of drops, which must be regularly instilled into the child's nose.

  The choice of specific drugs should be under the supervision of the attending physician. It determines the dosage and duration of therapy. An overdose of drugs can cause side effects. To monitor the effectiveness of treatment, you will need to take tests.

  Simultaneously with drug therapy, the child must adhere to a dietary diet. All heavy meals should be excluded from his diet. Food should be light and quickly absorbed by the body. Provide your baby with a full drinking regimen. In addition to a sufficient amount of clean water, give him berry fruit drinks and compotes, fruit juices.

  Therapy with folk remedies

  Treatment of mycoplasmosis in children can also be carried out using traditional medicine recipes. But such therapy should not be the only method. It can only be used as an adjunct to medical treatment. Among the most effective recipes are the following:

  • Mix three tablespoons of birch leaves, immortelle and knotweed. Add four tablespoons of plantain to the mixture. Mix ingredients thoroughly. Steam two tablespoons of the resulting composition with two cups of boiling water. After 10 hours, the infusion must be poured into a saucepan and boiled. It remains only to filter and cool. Give the child 50 ml of the prepared decoction three times a day.
  • Prepare a collection of two parts of the meadowsweet and 1 part of St. John's wort. Steam two tablespoons of the prepared mixture with two cups of boiling water. Simmer in a water bath for 10 minutes. After that, filter and cool the prepared broth. Give the child in the amount of 50 ml three times a day, do this before feeding.
  • Prepare a collection of upland uterus, wintergreen and winter love, taken in equal quantities. Steam 45 grams of this composition with three cups of boiling water. Leave for 45 minutes. After that, filter the infusion and give the child half a glass three times a day. The duration of such patience can reach 28 days.
  • Enter in two tablespoons of oak bark a spoonful of boron uterus. Mix the composition well and steam it with 300 cl of boiling water. After 45 minutes, the infusion is ready. They are recommended to douching the genitals of girls.
  • Blueberries become a tasty and effective medicine. Brew tea from the leaves and berries of this plant. It is enough just to pour raw materials with boiling water and soak for about 10 minutes. This infusion should be given to the child three times a day. To improve the taste, add a little sugar, and honey is better.
  • Respiratory mycoplasmosis can be defeated by inhalation. In boiling water, send a little sage, eucalyptus, chamomile, St. John's wort and celandine. The child must inhale the vapors of the boiling liquid for 15 minutes. Such procedures must be repeated every day before putting the baby to bed.
  • Mycoplasma in children often penetrates into the mucous surfaces of the nasopharynx. Rinsing can help in such a situation. To prepare the solution, add 10 grams of propolis to 100 mo of alcohol. Leave for a few days. After that, filter the resulting tincture. In a glass of clean warm water, dilute 30 drops of the prepared tincture. Gargle with this liquid. These procedures are repeated four times a day.

  So simple and effective recipes allow you to quickly cope with the disease. They may also have contraindications. Therefore, before resorting to such methods of treatment, it is necessary to consult with a specialist.

  Prevention

  It is not guaranteed to protect a child from mycoplasma infection, but measures can be taken to reduce the likelihood of infection.

  • In the cold season and during the outbreak of various respiratory diseases, it is necessary to protect the child from visiting crowded places of a large number of people. If this cannot be avoided, use protective masks.
  • Strengthen your child's immunity. To do this, introduce more fresh vegetables, berries and fruits into the diet. On the recommendation of a doctor, you can give your baby vitamin and mineral complexes. The state of the immune system is beneficially affected by walking in the fresh air, playing sports.
  • In order to avoid the development of urogenital mycoplasmosis, it is necessary to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene. Make sure that the child does not use the personal belongings of the carrier of the infection.
  • It is possible to prevent the development of intrauterine mycoplasmosis in a baby with the correct behavior of a pregnant woman. At this time, you should avoid sexual contact with likely carriers of the infection, use a condom during intercourse. Doctors recommend that a pregnant woman be tested for mycoplasmosis. It is necessary to carefully monitor the observance of the rules of personal hygiene. You should never use other people's towels, washcloths and bedding, as there is a possibility of transmission of the infection by household means.

  Forecast

  The success of the treatment of mycoplasmosis will depend on the timeliness of identifying the problem and the form of the disease. The most difficult is intrauterine infection. Often newborns suffer from liver damage, encephalitis, meningitis and other diseases. They lag behind their peers in development, as brain cells are damaged. A child can be born prematurely and have pathologies in the structure of internal organs. In such a situation, one antibiotic therapy will no longer be enough. It will require an integrated approach to the treatment of mycoplasmosis and all associated diseases.

  The respiratory form of mycoplasmosis responds well to treatment, especially if therapy was started in a timely manner.

  The disease lasts no more than a week and a half. It ends with the complete recovery of the baby. In this case, it is necessary to strictly follow all the recommendations of a specialist. In some cases, complications may develop.

  Possible Complications

  Sometimes the disease does not make itself felt immediately. At first, symptoms may be blurred or absent altogether. In such a situation, the likelihood of complications increases. The following comorbidities appear:

  • Pathological expansion of the bronchi.
  • Encephalitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the brain.
  • Pyelonephritis is kidney damage.
  • Arthritis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the joints.

  Such complications are often observed in children with intrauterine mycoplasmosis. The respiratory form of mycoplasmosis can be complicated by pneumonia. As a rule, it is well treated and passes without a trace.

  Mycoplasma - serious illness, which requires timely competent treatment. Do not try to diagnose and treat yourself. Seek medical attention at the first warning signs.

Mycoplasma in children is diagnosed quite often. Mycoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma bacteria. There are four types of dangerous microorganisms of this kind, but children most often suffer from respiratory mycoplasmosis, which is transmitted by airborne droplets. In respiratory mycoplasmosis, the upper respiratory organs are initially affected, and then the pathogen can spread further. Mycoplasma is sometimes transmitted to the baby while in the womb or during childbirth.

General characteristics of the disease

Respiratory mycoplasmosis in children begins against the background of reduced immunity. Most often this happens during the cold season of the year. Such a disease responds well to therapy. In most cases it is acceptable to use folk methods treatment. Such methods of treatment have a good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the child's immunity is strengthened and the body itself begins to fight dangerous pathogens.

Mycoplasma strongly affects the mucosa of the genital or respiratory organs . In children, the respiratory form of the disease occurs even if the infection of the infant occurred during childbirth.

The pathogens are tiny and total absence own cell wall. Since most antibacterial drugs destroy the cell membrane of pathogenic microorganisms, mycoplasma is not at all sensitive to such drugs.

Causes

Mycoplasmosis in children is an infection that in all cases is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. Mycoplasma is very sensitive to any factors, therefore, when it enters any external environment dies very quickly.

There are three main routes of infection with mycoplasma infection of the respiratory tract in children:

1. From the mother, during the passage of the baby through the birth canal. If a woman was diagnosed with mycoplasma during pregnancy, then it may well be transmitted to the child during childbirth. So not only mycoplasmosis can be transmitted. Mycoplasma, chlamydia, fungi and some viruses can be transmitted in this way. Urogenital infections often lead to the onset of respiratory mycoplasmosis, as well as inflammation of the eyes. In exceptional cases, mycoplasma in the expectant mother causes intrauterine infection in the fetus. With intrauterine infection, the child lags behind in development and there is a risk of severe congenital pathologies. Mostly the heart suffers nervous system and liver.
2. Airborne way. In this case, the pathogen is transmitted from sick people to healthy people. Most often this happens in the cold season of the year with an outbreak of colds. Children become infected in children's groups, as well as at various recreational activities. Severely reduced immunity becomes a predisposing factor.
3. Household way. In a family setting, the disease can be transmitted to a child from a sick adult. This is possible when using one towel or linen. In this case, the child begins the urogenital form of the disease. The causative agent affects the genitals and urinary system.

Mycoplasma microbes are very small. They cannot be detected with a conventional or electron microscope. They are not amenable to antibiotic treatment, and diagnosis is very difficult.

Mycoplasma rarely occurs on its own in children. Quite often, it develops in conjunction with ureaplasma and chlamydia.

Symptoms

The disease has a fairly short incubation period, it can range from a few days to a couple of weeks. Mycoplasma in a child is manifested by specific signs of respiratory pathology. Initially pathogenic bacteria multiply on the mucous walls of the upper respiratory organs, and then pass to the bronchi and lungs. If the pathogen has affected the lungs, there is a high probability of developing mycoplasmal pneumonia in a child.

The main symptoms of this respiratory pathology in a child are:

• Long-lasting subfebrile temperature. The mark on the thermometer does not rise above 37.5 degrees.
• Bright symptoms of intoxication appear - this is a frequent headache, abnormal lethargy, drowsiness and dyspeptic symptoms.
• The nose is constantly stuffed up.
• The throat hurts or it tickles regularly.
• The mucosa of the upper respiratory organs is hyperemic.
• If mycoplasma has affected the mucous membrane of the eye, then conjunctivitis develops. The sick child suffers from pain in the eyes and severe lacrimation.
• If the pathogen has entered the bronchi, the patient coughs all the time.

If the disease was treated incorrectly or not treated at all, then pneumonia develops. Symptoms of mycoplasmal pneumonia in children are almost the same as the classic manifestation of pneumonia.

• The temperature rises. Most often, the mark exceeds 39 degrees.
• At first, the cough is dry, but as the disease progresses, some clear or whitish sputum may appear.
• Every day the cough becomes more and more intense.
• The child's condition is deteriorating. He complains about headache and severe weakness. Little children become moody and whiny.

The symptoms of respiratory mycoplasmosis are very similar to the common cold. Before proceeding with treatment, it is necessary to correctly diagnose.

Mycoplasmosis is especially severe in newborns. In some cases, the disease provokes meningitis or sepsis. This can lead to the death of the newborn.

Diagnostics

At the beginning of the disease, mycoplasma is very similar to a cold. Many parents think that the baby has a typical cold, so they are in no hurry to see a doctor. Several types of studies are needed to make an accurate diagnosis. First, the doctor examines the patient and listens well to the lungs with a stethoscope. This allows you to determine wheezing in the lungs and identify lesions. Be sure to check the throat.

According to the results of the examination of the patient, one can only assume the disease. Laboratory tests will help establish an accurate diagnosis:

• An extended blood test. Allows you to determine the degree of inflammation in the body.
• Research of biological material. Helps to identify mycoplasma in cells.
• Sample bacterial culture. This type of study helps not only to identify the pathogen, but also to determine its sensitivity to antibiotics.
• Immunological examination. In plasma, antibodies to mycoplasma are determined.
• The most accurate analysis for mycoplasma in children is PCR analysis. It helps to identify the pathogen genes in a biological sample.

If all studies confirm the previously made diagnosis, the doctor prescribes complex treatment. It includes antibiotics, to which the pathogen is sensitive, and folk methods.

When diagnosing mycoplasmosis, a chest x-ray may be prescribed. This is necessary if pneumonia is suspected.

Treatment

For the treatment of mycoplasmosis in children, antibacterial drugs of different groups are used. They are prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of microorganisms. The most effective in the fight against this infection are macrolides. In addition to them, such drugs can be prescribed:

• Clarithromycin.
• Azithromycin.
• Erythromycin.
• Josamycin.

Penicillin preparations, cephalosporins and sulfanilamide preparations have no effect on mycoplasma.

It should be borne in mind that during antibiotic treatment in children, the microflora of the digestive tract is disturbed and immunity is reduced. In addition, resistance of pathogenic microbes to antibiotics may develop, and treatment will be ineffective.

In the treatment, such folk recipes are used:

• Two teaspoons of chopped St. Give children 50 ml of decoction before each meal.
• Take an incomplete teaspoon of chopped immortelle grass, knotweed, bearberry, plantain and birch leaves. Pour in two cups of boiling water and bring to a boil. Insist in a thermos for 8 hours. Then filter and drink. A sick child should drink 50 ml of decoction three times a day.
• Blueberry leaves and berries are brewed. Such a decoction is given to the child instead of tea, adding a little honey to it.

In the treatment of respiratory mycoplasmosis, steam inhalations with medicinal herbs . For brewing, they take sage, St. John's wort, elecampane, chamomile, eucalyptus and other herbs.

The prognosis depends entirely on the form of the disease. With intrauterine and congenital forms of the disease, the prognosis is unfavorable, since there may be severe complications of the disease. With a respiratory form, the prognosis is good, complete recovery is observed in two weeks. If pneumonia has joined, then it proceeds easily and responds well to treatment.

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Mycoplasmosis of the respiratory tract in adults and children
Mycoplasmosis is a disease of the respiratory system of microbial etiology. The disease is caused by a microorganism from the group of mycoplasmas. These are small microorganisms life cycle which proceeds inside the cells of the affected organism. Along with the respiratory organs, mycoplasmas can also affect the joints, urinary and reproductive organs. Infection with mycoplasma can occur in the form of inflammation of the lungs, bronchi, paranasal sinuses, pharyngitis. The main signs of mycoplasmosis are: unproductive persistent cough, a slight increase in body temperature, shortness of breath, sore throat or pain in the throat. The disease quite often flows into pneumonia, which by its signs resembles the flu. Therapy of mycoplasmosis is carried out with antibiotics - macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines.

What are these microorganisms and what is their life cycle?

Mycoplasmas is a type of microbe that inhabits epithelial tissues respiratory organs. Like chlamydia, mycoplasmas have neither strong cell membranes nor the ability to create energy. In this regard, in order for mycoplasma to exist, it needs energy and nutrients from the tissues of the human body. The ability to provoke ailments is associated with such abilities of these microbes:

They are quite small and are found exclusively inside the cells. Therefore, they are completely inaccessible to immune bodies, as well as antibodies ( in cages they "hide" from any attacks).

They move very quickly and if the cell in which the mycoplasmas lived died, they very soon move to other cells and destroy them.

They cling very tightly to cell membranes, in connection with this, the disease develops after a small number of pathogens have entered.

Penetrating into the tissues of the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs ( bronchi, trachea), these microorganisms very quickly increase the population and instantly stop the activity of the affected cells.

The most interesting and important fact in the biology of these pathogens is that they are very similar to some cells in healthy human tissues. Therefore, the immune system cannot always detect mycoplasmas, and therefore they do not cause an immune response of the affected organism for quite a long time.

They are resistant to the vast majority of antibiotics, so the treatment of the disease is quite complicated.

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary mycoplasmosis

Pulmonary mycoplasmosis causes mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mycoplasma pneumoniae). This microorganism most often affects kids attending kindergartens. Therefore, sometimes the disease develops in a whole group of children.

The disease is spread by airborne droplets ( particles of saliva secreted by an infected person are inhaled by healthy), contact method with objects, toys, food, sweets.

Pulmonary mycoplasmosis occurs in the form of inflammation of the bronchi or pneumonia. The primary manifestations of the disease are pain in the throat, constant coughing, stuffy nose. In young patients, the main symptom of the disease is a persistent non-productive cough, which is combined with a slight increase in body temperature. Moms and dads often consider this a common acute respiratory disease and try to give the child drugs used for acute respiratory infections. But no cough medicine usually helps.

Mycoplasma pneumonia appears in babies and people who have not reached adulthood, as a complication of bronchial inflammation caused by mycoplasma. Symptoms of the disease are very similar to flu: fever up to 39 degrees, shortness of breath, unproductive cough, feeling unwell. Cough often occurs with the evacuation of a small amount of purulent mucus from the respiratory organs and even with an admixture of blood. The x-ray shows smeared shadows that indicate multiple inflamed tissues.
Most often, the disease goes away without any complications, but sometimes complications such as arthritis, meningitis, nephritis.

The signs of pulmonary mycoplasmosis are almost indistinguishable from those of a chlamydial infection. But the therapy of these forms is also very similar. In this regard, if it is not possible to accurately determine the pathogen at the consultation of a pulmonologist, a trial therapy is prescribed.
In babies, mycoplasma can provoke not only inflammation of the bronchi or lungs, but also inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, pharyngitis. Also, microorganisms settle in the mucous membrane of the urogenital organs, in the joints.

How is mycoplasmosis determined?

When determining the disease, two types of tests are used:

• Detection DNA mycoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) PCR) is the most reliable method for detecting pulmonary mycoplasmosis. But to implement it, you need quite sophisticated equipment, which is not available in every hospital. In this regard, this method is not used everywhere.
• The detection of specific antibodies indicates the presence of a reaction of the human immune system to the presence of mycoplasma in the body. Antibodies are detected in patients already suffering from mycoplasmosis IgG and IgM. And in patients who have already been ill and recovered from mycoplasmosis, only IgG is found.

Therapy for pulmonary mycoplasmosis

Therapy is prescribed taking into account the form of the disease. Before prescribing drugs, the doctor conducts a thorough diagnosis of the disease. After all, the therapy of mycoplasmosis is completely different from the treatment of ordinary inflammation of the bronchi or lungs.

Assign for mycoplasmosis:

• Antibiotic treatment: an agent from the macrolide group, ( it can be erythromycin 500 milligrams per day for mature patients and 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight for children for five to six days), as well as fluoroquinolones or tetracyclines.
• Antitussive drugs are prescribed only in the very first days of the disease (one to two days) in order to slightly alleviate the patient's condition.
• Expectorants are used for inflammation of the lungs caused by mycoplasma, as well as to alleviate cough with bronchitisstarting from the third day.

Therapy of pulmonary mycoplasmosis is carried out exclusively under the guidance of a doctor. Therefore, before taking any medication, you need to talk with your doctor.