In a child, teeth grow in the second row: what is it connected with and how to help the baby. The tooth grew in the second row in the child The molar grew in the second row

The order of teething in children occurs in the following sequence: first milk teeth, then permanent ones. Sometimes there are deviations when a child's tooth grows in the second row. Even if the pathology does not cause a cosmetic defect, it is a problem that deserves close attention. The most common option is the eruption of permanent teeth while maintaining milk teeth, which provokes the “two rows” position. However, there are other options for the development of events.

Features of the change of bite

By the age of one year, a baby, as a rule, erupts 12 interchangeable elements of a smile. Their roots subsequently resolve by 4-5 years, the units gradually become mobile and in most cases fall out on their own. But there are also deviations from the norm, when the bite changes too early or, conversely, too late.

On average, the replacement of some teeth by others in a small person occurs in this way:

Age	Eruption sequence
7 years	first appear the central incisors - first of all the upper, after - the lower jaws
7-9 years old	change of lateral incisors
9-10 years old	permanent fangs of the lower jaw are formed, after - the upper one (the interval between eruption can reach 1 year)
11-12 years old	during this period, the eruption of "sixes", "sevens" most often occurs
16 years and older	“eights” or the so-called wisdom teeth appear. But since recently they are more considered a rudiment than an indispensable element of bite, many children do not have them. Moreover, the "wise men" in some people do not even form in rudiments throughout their lives, while in others, they erupt after 20 and even after 30 years.

"Eights" may not appear at all. You can find out whether to wait for their appearance using an x-ray or an orthopantomogram (panoramic examination). The absence of the rudiments of "eights" indicates that these teeth are not, and will not be. This is usually due to heredity- explains the dentist of the highest qualification category Asparyan G.A.

Rules and patterns of eruption

The first pattern: elements of a smile appear in pairs. If one cut through, his "neighbor" will soon appear. In most cases, babies cut 2 or even 4 elements of a smile at once at the same time.

The second regularity: basically, the teeth of the lower jaw should be the first to wait. This rule does not apply only to lateral incisors. upper jaw- Here they own the palm.

The approximate number of teeth at a certain age can be calculated based on the formula: subtract 4 from the child's age. That is, by 8 months the child will have about 4 teeth, by 2 years - all 20.

How to suspect pathology

Even in cases where the order and rules of eruption are not violated, certain anomalies may occur, including the second row of milk teeth. It is important to detect the pathology in a timely manner and pay attention to the baby when such signs appear:

the baby will be naughty during breastfeeding, cracks, injuries appear on the mother’s chest,
in a child with a complete milk bite, profuse salivation appears, body temperature rises,
symptoms such as diarrhea, loss of appetite,
swelling of the tissues of the nasopharynx occurs, signs of rhinitis appear,
in a baby, when you open your mouth, you can notice swelling of the gums. The baby also shows anxiety due to pain as a result of any mechanical effect on the mucous membrane and gums.

“The youngest son had a supernumerary, I don’t even know what to call it, a strange tooth, at the age of 10.5 months. Almost immediately I realized that something was wrong - it began to bite painfully when feeding. He erupted, however, almost painlessly - two normal ones who had grown up before, and those were more difficult.

Irina I., fragment of correspondence on the forum for mothers

In an older child, who is about to begin the process of changing the bite, the absence of natural gaps between the teeth may be evidence of the imminent appearance of the second row. In the event that they are absent, you can show concern and go to see a doctor. This may be one of the signs of the narrowing of the ranks. This state of affairs can affect the simultaneous appearance of the second row, as well as cause curvature and crowding of the rows.

Causes of pathology

There are three main reasons for the anomaly.

Violation of the order of prolapse and eruption

The anomaly, as a rule, is observed up to 14 years. Teeth climb in the second row as a result of the fact that the milk teeth did not have time to fall out. At the same time, the constants can be strongly displaced behind the milk incisors, molars, and canines. This situation naturally leads to malocclusion with all the ensuing consequences: facial asymmetry, indigestion, difficulties in chewing food, problems with diction.

Underdevelopment of the jaw system

Teeth in two rows appear due to the slow growth of the jaw as a result of a hereditary factor, demineralization of bones, the presence of bad functional habits in childhood and infancy, vitamin deficiency. The permanent ones grow at a fast pace. But the formation of free space for them is much slower. The result is a crowding of smile elements - they do not have the opportunity to settle down in an even and complete row.

The chance of getting the correct bite increases significantly if you contact the orthodontist as early as possible. With an already fully formed jaw, it will take a long time and diligently to correct the defect, no less than two years. For these purposes, children after 12 years of age are most often prescribed braces.

Supercomplete Smile Elements

This is the appearance of additional, "extra" units of the series. This phenomenon is called hyperdontia. It is quite rare - only 2% of people suffer from such a pathology. In this case, one or more supernumerary teeth can be observed, more often we are talking about incisors, less often about molars and canines.

In the vast majority of cases, it is easy to identify supernumerary incisors, canines or molars by their structure and cylindrical shape.

Risk factors for the appearance of a tooth in the second row are the following reasons:

genetic Feature,
transferred rickets,
severe infectious diseases at an early age or in the womb,
lifestyle and eating habits: lack of vitamins in the diet, the predominance of soft mushy foods, the absence of hard vegetables and fruits.

Consequences of pathology

Common consequences of the appearance of second molars (or rather permanent ones), the combination of permanent and milk teeth leads to defects in speech, difficulties in processing food and diseases of the stomach and intestines, pronounced malocclusion, curvature of the root system of healthy units of the row.

Features of treatment

The treatment of double-row smile elements is developed by the doctor, taking into account the cause of the violation:

violation of the procedure for changing the milk bite to a permanent one: if the milk teeth “linger” in the jawbone for more than the time allotted for them. And at the same time, the permanent ones begin to erupt, the doctor decides to remove the temporary elements of the smile. It is advisable to do this immediately after the appearance of the top of the permanent tooth. The expediency of removing fangs, however, may raise doubts - they are subject to a relatively late replacement, and, acting as a "support" for the entire bite, play a special role. Here we need very weighty indications for surgical intervention, consultation of an orthodontist. In most cases, with timely assistance, the permanent tooth soon takes the right direction of growth on its own, if this does not happen, the orthodontist will recommend wearing special designs,
underdevelopment of the jaw: if the milk bite is formed in two rows with such a pathology, then its correction can take a long period of time. Violations of the growth rate of the jaws are corrected with the help of special devices that inhibit or stimulate this process. Changing the position of the teeth is possible with the use of braces,

Preventive measures against the appearance of a defect

There are no exact methods to prevent such an anomaly. However, there are some recommendations that will help maintain the normal order of teething and changing the elements of a smile: it is important to give the child enough solid food, monitor nasal breathing and prevent its disturbance, treat caries in a timely manner with help. And for the parents of the baby, even during the planning period of the child, it is important to carefully prepare their health. Every mother should remember that the health of the baby's body, including the normal development of the bite, may depend on its physical and psychological state during the period of pregnancy.

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1 Voskanyan A.R., The state of the dentition in children with anomalies in the number of teeth and eruption according to orthopantomography, 2015

Polyodontia is an abnormal number of teeth. In medicine, this disease is often called hyperdontia, and "extra" dental elements - supernumerary teeth. Research is still being done on why this pathology occurs. Most scientists associate it with disorders in the laying of tooth germs.

ICD-10	K00.1
ICD-9	520.1
MeSH	D014096

Nature provides that during a person's life no more than 20 milk and 32 permanent teeth grow, but exceptions occur, and in our time quite often. According to statistics, on average, an anomaly of the teeth occurs in 2% of the world's population, most often in men.

The most common hyperdontia (anomaly in the number of teeth) is an anomaly of the upper incisors. Supernumerary teeth are less common among lower incisors and in other parts of the jaw. They can be of a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Usually these are small teeth in the shape of a cone.

Extra teeth lead to deformation of the dentition, therefore, supernumerary elements are recommended to be removed. Another reason for removal is that most patients with this pathology lisp.

Only in 2014, two operations were performed, in one of which 80 teeth were removed, and in the other, a record 232 teeth. Until that time, the maximum figure was 37 teeth.

Causes

Medicine has not yet found an exact answer to the question of what are the causes of supernumerary teeth. Scientists put forward several hypotheses at once:

Atavism. Supernumerary teeth are explained by the fact that the dental system tends to return to the original number of elements laid down by nature. There is evidence that our ancestors had 6 incisors in both the lower and upper jaws. As a result, many doctors consider atavism to be the cause of the development of polyodontia in humans.
Splitting of the tooth germ. Even in the embryonic period, the activity of the dental plate is disturbed in a child, as a result of which hyperdontia is formed. Viruses, bad ecology, drugs, medicines prohibited during pregnancy, alcohol and other factors can lead to violations. This hypothesis is now supported more and more often, because recently the disease has been rapidly progressing due to bad habits and bad ecology.

The causes of hyperdontia continue to be investigated. Scientists cannot give an exact explanation for this anomaly, but most of them are inclined to the second hypothesis - the splitting of the tooth germ at the embryonic stage.

The formation of extra teeth today is quite common. According to statistics, 70% of patients have only one extra incisor, in 25% of cases - 2 supernumerary elements, and only 5% of all patients have 3 or more teeth during examination.

Locations of supernumerary teeth

Usually, supernumerary teeth are found even in the milk occlusion, but it is not rare that they are found much later, when the permanent occlusion has already been formed.

The most common place where polyodontia appears is the middle upper incisors, as well as molars, premolars and canines. Much less often, this problem affects the lower jaw. Extra teeth can appear on the dental arch, as well as in the region of the upper palate or in the vestibule of the oral cavity.

What does polyodontia look like?

Quite often, extra teeth are almost indistinguishable from ordinary ones. Not infrequently, they also grow in the form of a drop or a spike. These dental elements can appear both separately and soldered with permanent ones. They can form tooth-like formations and entire arrays of teeth.

Also in medical practice, there are cases when polyodontia was hidden and was detected only with x-rays. Below are photographs of different cases of abnormal development of the number of teeth.

Types of disease

Polyodontia in oral cavity manifests itself in different ways. By studying the statistics, signs and symptoms of the disease, we were able to qualify the types of this anomaly.

Depending on the origin, the disease is divided into two types:

False polyodontia. Provides for a milk tooth that does not fall out, regardless of the age of the person. At the same time, it performs its functions, does not create discomfort to the bite, is firmly fixed in the patient's jaw. In addition, adjacent teeth and other anomalies are referred to as a false type of disease.
True polyodontia. It can be caused by a genetic predisposition, as well as teragenic factors. At the same time, extra molars begin to form in the human jaw.

Science knows cases when milk teeth were found in people aged 50-60 years. However, they did not bother them and functioned normally.

As for the placement of extra teeth, dentists distinguish the following types of diseases:

Typical hyperdontia. Refers to those patients in whom extra teeth appear only in the dentition and do not go beyond it. Many scientists are sure that this is just heredity, because our ancestors had a more developed dental system than modern people.
Atypical hyperdontia. It occurs much less frequently and is characterized by the appearance of teeth outside the dentition.

In the case of anomalies with milk teeth, the latter pose almost no threat. On the contrary, such a tooth can last a lifetime. But the permanent indigenous ones, over which supernumerary ones grow, should be removed, if only because it is not aesthetically pleasing.

Often, the patient grows extra fangs or incisors, or even several front teeth at once. In addition to a spoiled smile, the disease can cause serious complications if the necessary measures are not taken in time.

Symptoms of the disease in children

The first supernumerary teeth in children appear before birth or in the first six months of life. The main inconvenience that they cause is the difficulty in feeding.

Polyodontia of milk teeth in older children proceeds with symptoms similar to the eruption of ordinary teeth. At the same time, it is observed:

temperature rise;
swelling of the gums in the place where the tooth should erupt;
pain sensations;
excessive salivation;
swelling of the nasal mucosa;
loose stool.

Symptoms are especially pronounced when extra teeth appear in the upper palate.

If hyperdontia makes itself felt in a two-year-old baby, this can interfere with the formation of normal speech. In turn, due to trauma to the tongue and mucosa, some inflammation constantly appears in the oral cavity.

With the appearance of supernumerary teeth in very visible places in children school age, there may be ridicule towards the patient, which is fraught with the development of psychological problems and complexes in the future.

Symptoms of hyperdontia in adults

Polyodontia affects permanent teeth more often than milk teeth. In an adult, dystopic and impacted supernumerary teeth usually appear.

dystopian called teeth that appear outside the dental arch. Most often they erupt on the lingual surface of the gums and in the palate. With this form of the disease, the patient is characterized by:

poor pronunciation of sounds;
noticeable malocclusion;
change in the usual arrangement of teeth: curvature of the angle at which they grow, as well as their rotation around its axis;
frequent injury to the oral mucosa and, as a result, its inflammation;
violation of chewing processes, resulting in problems with digestion.

Among other things, dystopic teeth often cause psychological problems. Due to a non-aesthetic, and sometimes completely unattractive smile, the patient becomes withdrawn and uncommunicative. Psychological problems, in turn, cause chronic diseases endocrine, digestive and nervous systems.

Impacted supernumerary teeth are called teeth that do not erupt, but continue to remain in the bone tissue of the human jaw. Often they almost do not make themselves felt before the onset of complications. Dentists diagnose this anomaly during a routine examination of the patient.

Such an anomaly in the number of teeth is accompanied by the following symptoms:

normal teeth begin to loosen (the condition is considered pathological);
the bone begins to bulge (if the impacted tooth is too close to the edge of the jaw);
periodically there are pains of a aching nature.

One of the most difficult is the situation when extra teeth grow in place of impacted third molars. Wisdom teeth cannot germinate and begin to negatively affect the roots of other teeth, which in turn can lead to serious complications.

Consequences of the disease

Polyodontia in humans can often be the cause of retention. This is a phenomenon in which normal teeth cannot erupt due to the fact that supernumerary teeth interfere with them. The former may remain in the jaw or take an abnormal position.

In addition, even if a complete incisor grows earlier than a supernumerary one, the latter will be able to displace it. This will lead to the fact that a person will not be able to chew food normally. And if several extra incisors grow at once, they can cause the loss of permanent teeth.

Polyodontia disease can lead to such pathologies:

permanent teeth are displaced, and their roots are bent;
an incorrect bite is formed or the correct bite is broken;
teeth erupt with a delay or remain in the jaw;
dentitions are deformed;
cracks appear, a deep or open bite is formed;
the mucous membrane is often injured;
a person begins to lisp, pronounce indistinct words and phrases.

Diagnostics

Examining supernumerary teeth during an X-ray is not as easy as it seems. They can be superimposed along the contour on the permanent ones and remain invisible. In such cases, patients are advised to do computed tomography, which shows a more accurate picture of the disease.

If the extra dental elements have already erupted, the dentist can easily find them. In practice, the erupted supernumerary teeth are found by the patients themselves and already at the initial appointment with the dentist they complain about the pathology.

Treatment of polyodontia

If a person has polyodontia, then in most cases it is necessary to start treatment, which directly depends on the severity, type and form of the disease, as well as on the location of supernumerary teeth.

The patient may be offered the following treatments:

procedures that facilitate teething (relevant for children);
orthodontic treatment;
removal of supernumerary teeth.

Relief of symptoms

Most often in adults, extra teeth erupt without any special symptoms, but for children this can be a problem that needs to be addressed.

Supernumerary teeth are cut with the same symptoms as ordinary teeth, so the treatment for them is the same.

To lower the temperature, it is recommended to give the baby Paracetamol or Ibuprofen. If the child is very young, these preparations can be used in the form of suspensions or rectal suppositories. In addition to lowering the temperature, these drugs do an excellent job with pain and inflammation.
To anesthetize the gums, local anesthetics are used - ointments and gels (for example, Calgel, Dentinox, Solocoseryl). These remedies cope well with painful sensations and relieve inflammation a little.
Adults and children over 2 years old can be treated folk remedies: propolis, honey, decoctions of calendula, chamomile and lemon balm. Some decoctions help reduce pain and relieve inflammation. Folk methods treatment should be used only after consultation with your doctor.
If milk supernumerary teeth erupted partially, eruption stimulation is prescribed. To do this, apply vibration and electrical stimulation, as well as a special massage.

Extraction of abnormal teeth

Treatment of hyperdontia does not always involve the removal of extra teeth. Only the following are subject to mandatory removal:

teeth in a milk bite, which impede the growth of permanent teeth and have a bad effect on the development of the jaw system;
dystopian and impacted teeth.

located within the dental arch and does not affect the bite;
does not spoil the aesthetic appearance of a smile and has the shape of a permanent tooth;
formed correctly, and the adjacent permanent tooth is destroyed.

Regular deletion

If the dentist decided that in a particular case, polyodontia is treated only by removing an extra tooth, the patient should rely on the following procedures:

First of all, the patient should be sent for x-rays. This is necessary in order to determine the size and number of roots, as well as the ratio of supernumerary and normal teeth.
After collecting the research, the doctor makes the patient anesthetized and removes extra teeth.
In some cases, sutures may be needed after surgery. soft tissues.

Removal of impacted teeth

In order for the operation to be successful and polyodontia to be cured without any complications, the doctor must fully examine the patient and plan his further actions.

First, x-rays and/or computed tomography are performed to determine the exact topography of the anomaly.
Removal is performed under local anesthesia, but there are cases when general anesthesia can be applied to the patient.
First, the mucous membrane exfoliates, then they open bone tissue and the root, as well as the crown part of the tooth, is removed.
If necessary, bone defects are closed with osteoplastic material, and the mucous membrane is sutured.

After tooth extraction, the patient continues treatment at home: he takes antibiotics (if prescribed by the attending physician), rinses his mouth with antiseptic solutions.

Until the wound heals after the operation, it is not recommended to take too hot, hard or spicy food. Teeth should also be brushed carefully, especially on the operated side.

Orthodontic treatment

The need for orthodontic treatment after the removal of supernumerary teeth is determined by the doctor. Often, both kids and adults tolerate the operation normally and do not require further treatment, but there are exceptions. In severe cases, help is needed to:

the jaw could develop properly and grow normally (if it is a child);
over the age of six, the child did not encounter problematic molars;
correct and align the dentition.

To date, bite correction and alignment of the dentition is very successfully performed with the help of special caps and braces.

Polyodontia is a fairly common disease that is successfully treated in most cases. The earlier the disease was detected, the less the risk of developing negative consequences. At the first symptoms of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor.

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Human teeth, especially at an early age, are often exposed to various problems, deviations from normal development, and diseases. Among rare, but sometimes there is such a thing as teeth that grow in 2 rows.

People call it shark jaws. Of course, such a phenomenon can in no way beautify a child, and even more so an adult, it significantly spoils appearance, smile, makes you feel extremely uncomfortable. It is very important not to start the problem and see a doctor as soon as possible to correct it.

Shark teeth occur for obvious reasons and in the hands of a good dentist, the problem is solved relatively easily and quickly. But don't underestimate possible dangers- if you do not start treatment on time and simply ignore the problem, then this can lead to negative consequences, disruption of normal development.

As a result, a neglected problem may lead to the emergence of other troubles and it will not be so simple and easy to deal with all of them at once. Let us consider in detail why a child’s molar grows in the second row before the milk tooth falls out, what contributes to this and how to correct the defect so that it does not lead to other problems and diseases.

Main reasons

The second row of teeth is a problem that, in the vast majority of cases, concerns children aged 4-6 years. It is during this period that a gradual one begins, which happens, as a rule, in a rather strict sequence, well studied by dentists.

The process of gradual replacement of teeth is quite individual and in some children it can be delayed until about the beginning of adolescence (12-13 years). That is, theoretically, the second row of teeth can grow even at that age.

The main reason why two rows of teeth grow is the beginning of the growth of the molars, while the milk ones in some positions still hold on very tightly to their place and do not want to give it up. The root cannot germinate normally in the right place and because of this, it has to grow where the situation allows it. As a rule, such growth takes place in parallel or with a shift from milk teeth, which gives rise to the effect of the second row or shark jaws.

Various factors can influence the likelihood of such defective development. These include:

features of genetic inheritance, when the problem was also observed in relatives;
rickets experienced by a child, which occurs due to a lack of vitamins and can lead to a weakening of the development of the body;
consequences of infectious diseases experienced at an early age.

The lifestyle of the child can also play an important role. If at the age of 4-5 years the baby eats very little solid food, then some of his milk teeth will be quite strong, which can cause the second row of teeth to begin to grow.

These are the main reasons for the development of shark jaws, although other, less common factors are quite possible.

What could be causing the problem

In most cases, the development of an anomaly is due to the fact that some milk teeth are still strong or grow crookedly and do not want to give way to new molars. Because of this, new teeth grow crookedly, but the situation gradually changes in the right direction over time. But there are also cases in which a similar phenomenon is caused by the presence of some anomalies in the development of the oral cavity.

In general, there are two main predisposing factors:

. This is a serious problem, the essence of which is that a person has an abnormal number of teeth. They can be either less than the norm (20 dairy and 32 indigenous) or, which is most common, more. Such a deviation is laid down genetically and is quite persistently inherited. There are many cases when the grandmother had an extra 33rd tooth, and then her grandson got it. Such an anomaly occurs for various reasons, but usually it does not pose problems to its owner and he can live normally with it. Of course, if necessary, supernumerary teeth can be removed. Modern dentistry is able to do this.
Underdevelopment of the dental system, which in medicine has a name with insufficient development of the upper jaw and - the lower. There are many reasons why such an anomaly may develop. These include insufficient or malnutrition of a woman during pregnancy, metabolic disorders of the fetus, too early loss of milk teeth, the same negative genetic heredity.

"Milk" and indigenous climb on top of each other ...

These are the main developmental anomalies that most often accompany the appearance of the second row of teeth.

How to see abnormal development in time?

In order not to miss the period of development of the shark jaw and not start the problem, you must, first of all, carefully monitor the child and his dentoalveolar system during the period when the growth of molars begins. It is possible that the baby will complain of some pain in the oral cavity, inconvenience when biting off solid food.

You need to look closely at the smile of the child - if at 4 years old the well-known large cracks do not appear between his teeth, then this may signal that a narrowing of the rows is developing. This phenomenon can directly affect the appearance of the second row or the fact that the molars will grow crooked.

Measures for correction and prevention

Anomalies can be treated different ways depending on the level of the problem and related factors. The first step is to remove those "milks" that interfere with the normal development of the indigenous. Usually this is enough for the problem to go away. Then self-regulation occurs, due to the constant influence of the lips and tongue, a slightly curved tooth takes normal position.

If, after the examination, the dentist decided that the pathology is developing too actively and the self-regulation mechanisms are not able to correct it, then more drastic measures will have to be applied - usually this is the wearing of special ones that affect the second row teeth for a long time and force them to return to their normal position.

There are no methods of prevention that would 100% save the child from the likelihood of abnormal development. The only recommended measures here are:

the inclusion of solid food in the child’s diet, which will help the milk to fall out in a timely manner;
timely fight against problems that have arisen in the oral cavity;
care must also be taken to ensure that the child learns to breathe through the nose and not through the mouth.

In general, shark jaws are a fairly rare problem, but in most cases it is relatively harmless and easily corrected.

It is enough to be attentive to your child and notice the problems that have arisen in time in order to quickly and effortlessly correct them.

All parents know that over time, milk teeth should be replaced by permanent ones. But sometimes, looking into the mouth of a child, mom or dad finds that they are growing in the second row. This is very scary for many: why did such teeth grow? Is it irreparable? Perhaps it is dangerous to health? And what will be the consequences?

"Letidor" turned to Marina Kolesnichenko, dentist-therapist, chief physician of the Beauty Line clinic. The doctor hastened to reassure the parents: nothing fatal is happening. But why there is a "shark" row and how to deal with it, parents should still know.

Why do shark teeth appear

The second row of teeth in a child occurs if the milk tooth has not yet fallen out, and the permanent tooth is already erupting in its place, but since the milk tooth interferes with it, the permanent one grows nearby or stands in the second row. Why is this happening?

Normally, the rudiments of permanent teeth should exert pressure on the roots of milk teeth during eruption.

The root of the milk tooth from this begins to slowly dissolve, the milk tooth becomes mobile and then falls out on its own or is removed by the doctor.

But sometimes it happens that topographically the germ of a permanent tooth and the root of a milk tooth are in two parallel planes. As a result, when a permanent tooth erupts, there is no proper pressure on the root of the milk tooth. Then the permanent tooth has no other choice, and it grows near or above the milk tooth.

Why is it harmful for a child to breathe through his mouth all the time?

It would seem, where does the "shark" teeth? However, the connection here is the most direct - a violation of breathing can lead to problems in the development of the jaws, which also causes a double dentition.

Here's how it goes.

The fact is that the permanent teeth can be larger than the milk teeth, respectively, and the jaw must also increase in order for the permanent teeth to be placed on it in the correct position.

If the child's jaw does not expand naturally, then due to lack of space, permanent teeth erupt in the wrong place at all.

At the age of 6-10 years, the child begins to show physiological trems and diastemas. These are the gaps between the teeth, which are formed as a result of the fact that the jaw itself prepares for the eruption of permanent teeth and expands. An important factor in jaw expansion is the tongue, which puts pressure on both the upper and lower jaw. The child grows, the tongue grows, its pressure on the jaw bones increases, and they expand.

But when a child’s nasal breathing is disturbed, for example, with frequent colds, and his mouth is constantly ajar, as he breathes through his mouth, then the tongue is not positioned correctly: it is located at the bottom of the oral cavity and does not exert proper pressure on the upper jaw, thereby not stimulating it development. Then tremas and diastemas between milk teeth do not occur, and permanent teeth are simply forced to erupt where there is free space for them - above or inside the gums: for example, fangs can grow very high due to lack of space.

What is the danger of the appearance of "shark" teeth

There is nothing terrible or dangerous in this phenomenon: as a rule, you just need to go to the doctor and remove the milk tooth. Then the permanent tooth itself will move to the place of the removed one. As already mentioned, there is such a powerful muscle in the mouth as the tongue. Under the influence of its pressure, all the teeth will stand in a normal row, and will not remain where they erupted.

This takes about a month, and no additional fixtures or effort are needed.

Why Seeing an Orthodontist is Important

So, the pediatric dentist removed the baby tooth, and the place for the permanent one became free. Why then consult an orthodontist?

This is necessary in order for the orthodontist to determine whether the child has a shortage of space for permanent teeth.

If there is not enough space, then the doctor will make a special orthodontic appliance to optimize the position of the permanent tooth.

Now there are quite a large number of them, and in different cases different devices are used. For example, trainers are silicone two-jaw devices that a child puts on at night, an hour before bedtime. Due to their elastic properties, they contribute to the expansion of the dental arches and the formation of a correct bite. Also, trainers act as an additional stiffness factor that stimulates the jaws to expand and prepare for the eruption of permanent teeth.

In addition to trainers, the doctor may suggest plates with an expanding screw or, as an option for a later age, braces. It depends on the results of the examination and the age of the young patient, but if the orthodontist recommends a certain device for the optimal solution of the problem, then it is better not to neglect his advice.

In the human body, the process of laying teeth begins from the third month of intrauterine development. The first milk tooth, as a rule, erupts when the baby reaches 5 or 6 months of age. By the age of three years, the child already has 20 milk teeth, which after 2 or 3 years will begin to change into molars. Sometimes, as shown in the photo below, a child grows a double molar tooth behind a temporary one that has not fallen out.

How are milk teeth replaced by permanent teeth?

With the achievement of one year of age, 12 molars begin to form in the jaw of a child, for the laying of which there was not enough space previously. Milk teeth differ significantly from permanent teeth in their size and structure. Their roots dissolve over time, the gaps between the teeth grow, the tooth begins to loosen and falls out. The process of changing the “contents” of the oral cavity occurs approximately in the following order:

From 6 to 7 years of age, the lower and upper central incisors fall out.
Lateral incisors change from 7 to 9 years old.
From 9 to 10 years old, the canines of the lower jaw are replaced, and in about a year - on the upper.
From 11 to 12 years old, the “fives” of the upper and lower rows change.
Until the age of 13, all four root "sevens" and "sixes" should erupt.
From the age of 16, wisdom teeth grow. It should be noted that the "eights" can grow even after the onset of 30 or even 40 years.

The formation of the bite and the period of change of temporary teeth ends by about 14 years. It is important to remember that each child is individual, and the above order may be violated. At any stage of eruption and growth, parents should monitor the condition of the child's oral cavity. Sometimes it happens that a molar tooth climbs, while the milk tooth has not even begun to stagger.

A permanent tooth climbs behind a milk tooth: symptoms and diagnosis

In the oral cavity, each incisor or molar has a clear location. There are cases when a molar grows behind a milk tooth that has not yet fallen out. Dentists have two explanations for the origin of the second row of growing teeth:

the child's jaw is underdeveloped, and there is not enough room for teeth to grow;
the presence of supernumerary teeth (hyperdontia).

The appearance of supernumerary teeth in a newborn child will be manifested by a violation of the breastfeeding process. The child will be capricious, and injuries and cracks will form on the mother's chest.

The situation of the development of the "shark jaw" syndrome in older children is similar to the symptoms of the eruption of normal dental elements:

body temperature rises to 38-39 C;
swelling develops on the gum in the area of a growing tooth, accompanied by painful sensations;
profuse salivation;
short-term weakening of the stool;
development of rhinitis against the background of edema of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

The presence of a supernumerary tooth can be easily diagnosed independently. However, in cases of impaired eruption due to hyperdontia, a panoramic x-ray or CT scan. These research methods help to clearly determine the location of all dental elements, both normal and supernumerary.

Causes of pathology in a child

The main reasons for the situation when a double permanent tooth grows:

genetic predisposition due to heredity;
pathology of embryonic development, expressed by a violation of the activity of the dental plate, as a result of which more tooth germs are formed from it;
transferred during the period of active eruption of infection;
consequences of rickets.

Possible Complications

It may take a long period of time to correct the effects of hyperdontia. Possible complications untimely or improper treatment are:

What should be done if a double tooth element has grown? The main methods of treatment of hyperdontia are:

removal of a tooth that has grown outside the dentition;
orthodontic treatment;
the use of drugs that alleviate the symptoms of eruption.

The main means to alleviate symptoms are:

Waiting period

Sometimes, if a double permanent has come out behind or next to a milk tooth that is already loose, you should wait and not seek help from a dentist. It is not necessary to pull it out if there is no malocclusion and cosmetic defect. Parents should ensure constant monitoring of the situation and, possibly, help the temporary tooth fall out as soon as possible.

Should it be removed?

If a tooth grows in the second row in the mouth, it often needs to be removed, since its growth can cause a violation of the dentition and bite. Usually the removal of supernumerary elements is not difficult, but sometimes there are exceptions.

Removal steps in simple cases:

radiography is performed, with the help of which the number and size of the roots of the second tooth is determined;
after the application of anesthesia, the problematic element is removed;
if necessary, sutures are placed on the soft tissues of the gums.

The removal of impacted "shark teeth" occurs after a thorough examination according to the following scheme:

to accurately determine the location of impacted teeth, computed tomography or x-rays are performed;
the operation is performed both with the use of local anesthesia and under general anesthesia;
extraction of the tooth is carried out after exfoliation of the mucous membrane of the gums and opening of the bone tissue;
if necessary, the cavities formed in the jawbone are closed with osteoplastic materials.

The patient spends the rehabilitation period at home, continuing treatment, which includes taking antibiotics and rinsing the mouth with antiseptics and herbal infusions. During this period, you should avoid eating too cold, hot, hard or spicy food, gently brush your teeth on the operated side.

With the correct development of the jaw, milk and then permanent teeth appear gradually, in a certain sequence. But sometimes the order of their eruption and growth is disturbed, causing deviations in the structure of the dentition. Why does a child grow teeth in the second row? Such a violation leads to the appearance of a cosmetic defect and spoils the smile. Usually the cause of the anomaly is that the molars begin to erupt before the milk teeth fall out. At the same time, their retention is observed when the molars, canines or incisors remain completely or partially in the gum.

Features of correction of defects in the dentition

If a permanent tooth erupts under a still firmly standing milk tooth, the direction of its growth is curved. Because of this, subsequently, children and parents will have to face the need to align the dentition, remove a problematic incisor or molar, treat caries or gum disease that occurs in this case more often than usual.

The reasons why children's teeth are cut and grow incorrectly can be as follows:

hereditary predisposition;
deterioration in health, weakened by infection or chronic disease;
unbalanced diet, lack of vitamins and other useful elements in the diet;
violations in the development of milk teeth, leading to early removal, late resorption of the roots and belated replacement with permanent incisors or molars;
the presence of obstacles to growth in the right direction;
violations of the structure of the jaw, the wrong location of the tooth germs.

What to do if the milk tooth has not yet fallen out, but the root is already growing? Noticing that the baby's teeth grow in two rows, contact a pediatric dentist. Usually the doctor advises to remove the first, dairy, in order to ensure the correct development of the rudiment of the permanent. The procedure is easy and painless, as the roots of milk teeth are less developed and do not go deep into the gum. To eliminate the sensitivity of the mucous membrane, a special gel containing an anesthetic drug is applied to it.

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Causes of incorrect growth of temporary teeth

The formation of the rudiments of milk teeth occurs before the birth of the baby. Most often, a discrepancy between the area required for their placement and the size of the jaw bone leads to curved growth.

Also, the curvature of the teeth can contribute to:

malnutrition of a woman during pregnancy;
insufficient content of calcium, fluorine and other necessary elements in the child's diet;
baby eating food that has a soft texture - babies should also be allowed to gnaw on solid foods;
mouth breathing, characteristic of some ENT diseases;
sucking a one-year-old baby on a nipple or fingers (should teach the child to drink from a cup, eat solid food, use a plate and a spoon as early as possible);
genetic predisposition.

Correction of crooked teeth

Alignment of crooked growing temporary teeth reduces the risk of violations in the development of the rudiments of molars. In addition, their improper growth leads to such negative consequences as diseases. gastrointestinal tract, headaches, the appearance of complexes. Crooked teeth are much easier to straighten in childhood than in adulthood. Dentists have effective methods correction of their growth using mouthguards, braces or trainers.

The installation of braces is used in adolescence and youth. Teenagers are able to take care of the system themselves and wear it for a long time after installation. For young children, bite correction is provided by the installation of a mouthguard or trainer. The advantage of these devices is that they are not visible to others and can be easily removed if the need arises. The speed of teeth straightening is the higher, the earlier it is started. When the teeth are in the gum, they are not yet fully formed, which greatly facilitates the task of straightening. At an older age, the roots are better developed, so the complexity of straightening increases, and the process itself takes a longer period of time (at least a year).

Developmental disorders of wisdom teeth

Eights are often the cause of dental problems. Let's consider why this happens. In most cases, this is due to insufficient length of the bone that forms the jaw. Wisdom teeth begin to erupt after the appearance of the second molars and other units of the dentition. If they do not have enough space, they do not grow up, but at an angle, towards the 2 molars, cheeks or inside the oral cavity.

In this case, the figure eight itself is not visible, but the child is worried strong pain. What to do if the eighth tooth grows in the second row - the treatment of such disorders is usually surgical. To diagnose the condition, an X-ray examination is prescribed. If the wisdom tooth is in the process of formation, the direction of its growth can be corrected without resorting to surgery. In cases where the 3rd molar has already grown, the only option is to remove it.

Sequence and timing of molars eruption

At about the age of five or a little later, children grow the first pair of molars in the upper jaw. Then there is a replacement of the corresponding pair of teeth in the area of the lower jaw. The second molars are cut in the same order. The term for the appearance of eights can cover the period from 16 to 26 years. But increasingly, retention of wisdom teeth occurs - they do not appear after the second molars, but remain inside the gums. Scientists believe that one of the explanations for this phenomenon is the absence of the need to consume solid food, which was the predominant part of the diet of people in previous centuries.

Types of retention

Not only figure eights, but also canines or incisors of the upper jaw can be hidden in the gum. In some cases, impacted teeth are completely invisible, as they are covered by soft or hard tissues of the jaw and are not felt by fingers when probing. Such a retention is called complete. The tooth can be located vertically or horizontally relative to the jaw. If it is directed by the crown into the oral cavity, this arrangement is called lingual-angular, with growth in the outward direction it is defined as buccal-angular.

The second type of retention is partial, it is manifested by the elevation of a part of the crown above the gum surface. Impacted and semi-impacted teeth require mandatory treatment, as they are not only a cosmetic defect, but can also lead to the appearance of purulent cysts, worsen the resorption of the roots of adjacent milk teeth.

What can cause retention

An extended dentition often occurs because the permanent teeth grow in before the temporary teeth fall out. Also, retention may be associated with improper development of the jaw, insufficient area for the formation of the dentition. Sometimes the reason for the appearance of the second row is too early removal milk molar or premolar. This leads to displacement of the tooth germs and causes the molar canine to grow onto the adjacent tooth.

In some cases, there is an overcompleteness of the child's dentition. This is manifested in the fact that in addition to the set 28 teeth, one or two additional teeth grow. The disease and destruction of the incisor can lead to the incisor getting stuck in the gum, especially anatomical structure jaw bones, the lack of constant parental control over the condition of the teeth that were cut and grew from the first year of the baby's life.

Symptomatic manifestations of retention

X-ray examination of the dentition helps to identify complete retention. X-ray diagnostics allows you to find out in detail all the necessary information about the impacted tooth, in particular, how it is located, in which direction it grows, the state of the surrounding tissues, the presence of granulomas or cysts.

Symptomatically, retention manifests itself as follows:

a defect is visible in the dentition - either the tooth is missing, or it is cut with a significant deviation from the place where it should appear;
noticeable swelling and hyperemia (redness) of the gums, the child feels pain, when pressing on the mucous membrane, it increases;
fever, weakness;
if the tooth is semi-retinated, its upper part is slightly visible above the gum, palpable with fingers, the surrounding tissues are inflamed and sore.

Retention treatment

Decide what to do with the impacted tooth and choose best way treatment should be a doctor after examining the patient and examining the results of x-rays. If its location and direction of growth are not changed and only increased tissue density prevents it from exiting the gum, an incision is made on it with local anesthesia. In case of partial eruption of incisors or canines to correct the bite, a bracket system is installed with a preliminary exposure of the dental crown surgically.

If the tooth is incorrectly located, the gums are covered with inflammation and signs of destruction of the tooth neck appear, its removal is indicated to prevent the development of complications. Lack of treatment threatens with the formation of a cyst, slowing down the resorption of the roots of milk teeth adjacent to the impacted one, and a decrease in the aesthetics of the smile zone. Therefore, you should seek qualified help when the first symptoms of impaired development of the dentition appear.

What are milk teeth for?

How are teeth cut in a child?

Eruption and change of teeth

Why you need to treat and protect milk teeth

I recently discovered in my child that her molars began to grow in the second row. She will be 5 years old at the end of June, I thought that the molars begin to grow a little later .... They appeared right behind the bottom 2 teeth, which usually come out first. Milk teeth in place, one began to stagger. I read. what is possible, and that if this continues for more than 2 months, you need to see a dentist .. I think that you need to see yourself now, so I’m looking at dentistry. Has anyone had this? And what did they do? Is it necessary to remove the dairy, so as not to interfere with the correct formation of the bite? Thanks.

When a child's teeth grow in the second row, parents are very worried. There are reasons for this - each tooth should have its own place, so the row should line up gradually. If the milk tooth did not fall out, but the root grows, then this is an anomaly in which the smile cannot be beautiful, it is better to solve this problem in childhood.

The replacement of milk teeth with molars occurs in the period from 4 to 12 years, the lower central ones begin to fall out first, then the upper ones. Normally, after falling out in its place, the root immediately erupts. But it happens that eruption begins even before the loss of milk.

If they do not fall out, then the indigenous cannot grow correctly, respectively, they will cut through where there is a place, and it turns out that the indigenous grows behind the dairy. Thus, two rows are formed. Sometimes this may not be the second row, but a phenomenon in which the constant is superimposed on the milk one. If no action is taken in childhood, then the child's bite will be distorted, which will affect his appearance in the future.

Eruption order

First, the incisors are cut in the child, their number should be 8, then fangs grow - 4 pieces, 8 molars appear last. As for the time when the teeth should begin to erupt, this is a very individual process. For some, dairy begins to grow at 5-8 months, and for someone only after a year. But the eruption order is the same for everyone, it looks like this:

6–12 months - lower central incisors;
8–14 months - upper central incisors;
9–15 months upper lateral incisors;
10–16 months lower lateral incisors;
16–24 months upper and lower canines;
2–5 years old upper and lower second molars.

An acceptable deviation is 2-3 from the norm.

In the video, Dr. Komarovsky tells in what sequence teething:

Causes of curvature

One of the reasons may be a too strong and strong milk tooth, which is not yet ready to fall out, while an equally strong permanent one is already beginning to erupt.

Another reason may be in the wrong intrauterine development, at the moment when the formation of the rudiments took place, for some reason another tooth developed, which, in principle, should not have been. Then he grows second row, because he does not have his place in the jaw. Dentists call this phenomenon a superset. Thus, by adolescence, a child has 29 or 30 teeth in his mouth, although there should be 28. Also, the causes may be rickets, a hereditary predisposition, a consequence infectious disease, perhaps the child's jaw is underdeveloped, and all the teeth simply do not have enough space.

The reasons may be as follows:

a woman does not receive enough vitamins during childbearing;
the child’s diet lacks calcium, fluorine and other elements that are necessary for its normal growth and development;
too soft consistency of food, the baby must gnaw hard vegetables and fruits;
the child constantly breathes through the mouth, which is associated with diseases of the throat and nose;
a child who has reached the age of one continues to suck on a nipple or finger, it is important to wean the child from the nipple and teach him to eat solid food, use a spoon and drink from a cup;
hereditary predisposition.

Milk teeth are formed before the baby is born. If at this moment there are some pathological processes, then they can grow crookedly forming, as it were, the second row.

Treatment Methods

So that in the future the baby does not have problems with the growth of permanent teeth, it is necessary to correct the curvature of the milk teeth in a timely manner. In addition to the subsequent abnormal growth of permanent, curved milk can be the cause of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the occurrence of headaches and the development of complexes. by the most effective way correction of crooked teeth is the use of braces, caps or trainers.

Braces are installed in adolescence, because at this age the child can independently care for them, trainers and mouth guards are most often offered for babies. These devices are not visible to others and can be easily removed if necessary. The sooner the parents take care of the correction of the child's teeth, the less time will be required for this.

Of course, crooked permanent teeth cannot bring serious health problems, so many dentists recommend waiting until the milk teeth fall out on their own. However, if this does not happen for a long time, but a permanent one is already growing, then it is advisable to remove the milk one so that the root grows and develops correctly without forming a second row.

You should contact your pediatric dentist if:

the root erupts, and the milk does not fall out;
if the milk staggers for a long time, but does not fall out on its own, while the baby experiences discomfort;
if inflammation or pain occurs.

What if the teeth grow in two rows? In this case, the dentist may suggest removing the milk teeth that are preventing the permanent growth from growing properly.

In the video, a pediatric dentist talks about what to do if the teeth grow in the second row:

Preventive actions

Some parents are concerned about the gap in the child between the upper incisors, they believe that this is a defect in the upper row, which will subsequently cause the tooth to grow into a tooth. This is not true. The gap, which seems very wide, after some time will decrease or disappear altogether. This is normal and will not cause your teeth to grow crooked or out of place.

The gap between the incisors in a child is normal

To prevent curvature, it is necessary to observe preventive measures:

do not allow the baby to take foreign objects into his mouth and suck his fingers;
teach the baby to breathe only through the nose;
monitor growing teeth and prevent caries;
diversify the child's diet, be sure to include foods that develop the chewing reflex;
if the tooth began to grow, do not allow the child to touch it with either hands or tongue;
visit the pediatric dentist regularly.

If parents from an early age take their child to the dentist once every few months and ask him all their questions about the growth and development of the child's teeth, then the doctor will be able to notice the anomaly in time and eliminate the defect in a timely manner. Then the baby will not have problems with the growth of teeth in the second row.

Molars and eights

At the age of 5 years, sometimes a little later, the eruption of the first and second molars begins in children. First, the first pair appears on the upper jaw, after which the lower ones erupt. Eights appear after 16 years, but in modern people, retention of wisdom teeth is increasingly occurring. The fact is that they are intended for chewing very hard food, which was the main one in antiquity.

Now the diet has changed, and the eights modern man not really needed. Scientists believe that it is a change in diet that provokes their retention - they do not appear after 2 molars, but remain in the gum.

In general, eights in dentistry are considered problematic. This is primarily due to the fact that the bone that forms the jaw is not long enough, and the wisdom teeth begin to erupt after all the others. Accordingly, if the entire jaw is already occupied, they begin to grow at an angle inside the oral cavity or inside the cheek. At the same time, the tooth is not yet visible, but the pain is already disturbing.

Molars-eights are considered the most problematic teeth.

In this case, the treatment is only surgical. After an x-ray examination, the doctor decides to either correct the growth without resorting to surgery, or remove it (which happens most often).

In addition to eights, both canines and incisors can remain in the gum. It happens that the impacted teeth are not only not visible, but not even palpable - they are so tightly covered by the jaw tissue. In this case, we speak of complete retention. Moreover, the tooth itself can be located in the gum not only vertically, but also horizontally. When it grows with a crown inside the oral cavity, its location is called lingual-angular, and if the crown is directed towards the cheek, then it is buccal-angular.

Most often, the retention is incomplete. That is, part of the crown rises above the gum surface. In any case, impacted teeth require special treatment, because, in addition to a cosmetic defect, they can cause purulent cysts, and they will worsen the process of resorption of milk roots, which are located nearby.

To determine the problem and find out exactly how the tooth is located, it is necessary to take an x-ray. It gives all the information the dentist needs about the processes inside the gums, about the state of the tissues around it, whether there are cystic formations and granulomas.

Symptoms are as follows:

A defect is visually visible - there may be no tooth, or it erupts, deviating from the place where it should be.
The gums are edematous and hyperemic, the child feels pain if you press on the mucous membrane.
Weakness and fever.
If the second tooth is partially impacted, then the crown is visible above the gum or is well palpable on palpation. Tissues that are nearby are sore and inflamed.

Provided that only the fact that the gum tissue has an increased density interferes with the exit of the tooth from the gum, an incision is made on the gum under local anesthesia. If it has already partially erupted, and also to correct the bite, the child is given braces, but before that, the dental crown is surgically exposed.

If it is located incorrectly, or an inflammatory process has developed around the gum, which has led to the destruction of the neck, then the tooth is removed. This must be done to avoid complications. If it is not treated and, if necessary, not removed, it can provoke the formation of a cyst. In addition, an unaesthetic cosmetic defect of the smile is possible.