Types of partial dental implants. Types of Dental Implants

An ideal that was strived for long before the advent of modern civilization. For example, the ancient Egyptians and Arabs already practiced implantation. True, it would be more correct to call this process transplantation, since the types of dental implants used were somewhat unusual for our understanding - teeth of other people and animals.

Time passed, science developed, and medicine moved in step with it. Now modern dentistry has enormous opportunities. Today, anyone can order dental implants. Fortunately, their types are varied, which allows you to choose the best option for a particular patient.

Below we will consider in more detail the features of the dental implantation process, the types of implants themselves, and also talk about the advantages and disadvantages of such treatment.

Why is dental implantation needed?

Before talking about the need for implantation, you should at least briefly talk about what dental implants are.

These are pins or metal frames that are implanted into the jaw bone. Only after their installation is the doctor able to install prostheses.

Implantation allows the patient to feel absolutely comfortable and not worry that the installed prosthesis will “move out” during chewing. In addition, thanks to the implant, the crown looks and feels much more natural, without causing the slightest discomfort.

Finally, unlike classic dentures, they can be suitable for people with diseases of the oral mucosa. However, to install them, you must absolutely and constantly maintain hygiene at the proper level.

When is implantation needed?

Installing dental implants will help avoid harmful consequences. Their types are determined by a specialist, who will be based on the individual characteristics of the organism.

Implantation is necessary if:

• there are malocclusions, which provoke increased tooth wear;
• there is a gap between the teeth, due to which the row diverges or becomes deformed;
• noticeable speech defects appeared due to tooth loss;
• chewing function is impaired;
• after losing a tooth, the patient’s appearance changed (the corners of the lips drooped or wrinkles appeared in the nasolabial area);
• the patient feels obvious discomfort due to missing teeth.

Pros and cons of implantation

Types of dental implants from different manufacturers may vary in price. Moreover, this is a rather expensive method of treatment, which is what slows down most patients. However, if you decide to undergo this procedure, you definitely will not regret it.

Among the positive aspects are the following:

• durability;
• there is no need to “grind down” adjacent healthy teeth;
• absolutely natural load on the bones prevents their deformation and damage;
• excellent aesthetic performance of implants;
• with the help of several implants, you can install a prosthesis on the entire jaw, which will look absolutely natural;
• the possibility of restoring one tooth or several at once;
• after installation, the ability to eat solid food returns;
• no special care is needed, ordinary hygiene is sufficient;
• complete naturalness of chewing function;
• reliable fixation of the crowns on the implant allows the tooth to withstand impressive loads;
• there is the possibility of replacing the crown with a new one;
• you can choose not only the types of dental implants, but also the method of their installation;
• high percentage of implant survival.

There are fewer arguments against, but they are the inhibitory factor for many patients:

• Possible complications that are difficult to predict. The fact is that each person’s body is individual, and therefore the bioinert titanium from which the implants are made can take root in different ways. No doctor can predict the reaction to the material.
• Surgical intervention. Like other operations, implantation is one of the most traumatic ways to restore a tooth. The patient can expect pain and a recovery period.
• Implantation has many contraindications (see below).
• Lack of bone tissue. For some patients, there is a need for bone augmentation to securely fix the position of the implant. This process can cause a lot of discomfort.
• Long rehabilitation period. The implant fuses with the bone tissue for a long time, and therefore unpleasant sensations may not leave the patient for a long time.
• Price. Compared to conventional prosthetics, implantation services are much more expensive.

Contraindications

All types of implants are suitable for row restoration. But it is worth understanding: no matter how effective this method is, there is a flip side to the coin that requires exceptional attention - contraindications.

• pregnancy and lactation;
• severe forms of cardiovascular diseases;
• weakened immune system(lupus erythematosus, infections, thymic hypoplasia, etc.);
• bone diseases;
• serious disruptions in the functioning of the endocrine system;
• poor functioning of the circulatory system;
• diseases of the central nervous system;
• malignant neoplasms;
• tuberculosis;
• AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases;
• any types of alcohol and drug addiction.

Types of dental implants

Today, everyone can choose a suitable treatment method and the necessary types of dental implants. Photos and the help of a qualified specialist are a sure way to achieve success.

There are 6 types of implants in total:

• root-shaped;
• lamellar;
• combined;
• subperiosteal;
• mini implants;
• structures for restoring the root system.

Let us consider in detail below dental implants, types and patient reviews of each method of dentition restoration.

Root-shaped implants

The most popular in modern dentistry are root-shaped dental implants. The species in Yekaterinburg, for example, are varied, but this type has earned special recognition.

They have a cylindrical shape and are framed with carvings. Typically used for restoration when bone mass is sufficient. Otherwise, it will be necessary to resort to an additional procedure - sinus lift.

The types of dental implants from different manufacturers may differ, but they are always based on a titanium screw. It is the one that takes root best and allows you to minimize the risks of further complications.

Plate structures

Need dental implants? Are the species different in Novosibirsk? Experts recommend paying attention to plate-type structures. In the ranking of popular methods of restoring dentition, they occupy an honorable second place, and in their practical features they are in no way inferior to root models.

Implants got their name due to the unique plate-like shape of the product on which the pin is attached. They are mainly used in cases where the patient’s bone tissue is too thin and installation of root-like analogues is impossible.

The technique is not new, however, among many options, this type of dental implantation is still in demand. Types of plate-type implants are mainly used to restore the anterior row, which does not require increased loads.

Due to the presence of porous compartments on the plate, as bone tissue grows, it fills the inside of the implant. As a result, a reliable structure is formed, which fixes the tooth in the correct position.

The only drawback of plate structures is their weakness. Unlike root-shaped ones, they cannot withstand heavy loads, and therefore are suitable exclusively for restoring front teeth.

Perhaps the most reliable and in demand in case of serious injuries are combined, or plate-root-shaped dental implants. Their types differ not only in size, but also in shape, as a result of which specialists can easily carry out complex operations.

This is a symbiosis of root-shaped and lamellar implants, which is a rather complex branched structure. They are surgically inserted into three points on the patient’s jaw.

Can be used to install permanent and removable dentures. The latter are often necessary in case of severe atrophy of bone tissue in the patient’s lower jaw.

Subperiosteal implants

In cases where the above mentioned dental implants are contraindicated, suitable types (in Krasnoyarsk and other cities) can always be found. For example, subperiosteal implants are an ideal solution in cases of bone deficiency.

They are mainly used to restore dentition in older people, as well as after a long absence of a tooth. Of course, you can always perform additional surgery to build up bone tissue, but many patients prefer to refrain from such manipulations, preferring a more profitable method.

A subperiosteal implant is inserted under the lateral side of the gum without affecting the socket where the tooth root was located. It is installed not in the bone, but in the space between it and the gum, in the so-called periosteum.

The operation takes place in two stages:

• taking an impression of the jawbone;
• manufacturing an implant and introducing it to the patient.

In the case of subperiosteal implants, the patient does not require long-term rehabilitation, since the trauma of the operation is minimal.

Mini implants

If for some reason full dental implantation is contraindicated for you, types of implants of this type can help cope with at least the aesthetic problem. You understood everything correctly, we will talk about so-called mini-implants.

Unlike all the others, they are not suitable for restoring a full row of teeth. It is impossible to attach full-fledged bridges and prostheses to them, however, if reconstruction of one tooth is necessary, such products have no equal.

First of all, it’s worth saying a few words about the mini-implants themselves. Outwardly, they resemble small screws and consist entirely of titanium, which allows them to take root without any problems.

The installation process itself is not so traumatic for the patient, and there are practically no contraindications due to the condition of the bone tissue. That is, unlike popular root-shaped implants, their implementation does not require a sinus lift procedure or bone tissue restoration.

Of course, mini-implants are not suitable for restoring the chewing row, since the load from the process of 50-60 kg can damage the bone. Most often, this type is used to reconstruct the dentition and give it aesthetic beauty.

Today, many patients rely on mini dental implants. The types are widely represented in Krasnodar, and they cost several times less than the classic ones. And this is another reason to pay attention to this method of tooth restoration.

What materials are used to create implants?

Titanium is currently the only material from which dental implants are mass produced. Types (including “turnkey” ones) can be selected individually after consultation with a specialist. The main reason The use of the mentioned material is absolute inertness, which completely eliminates the occurrence of allergic reactions and minimizes risks in the postoperative period.

In addition, titanium is one of the strongest materials, capable of withstanding enormous loads. It was this property that enabled the World Dental Organization to come to the conclusion that prosthetics using titanium is the most effective method restoration of the dentition.

Despite this, many patients still report some discomfort after the procedure. Often the gums become swollen, red, and even stained. But this phenomenon is easy to explain.

The fact is that prosthetics is not only the implantation of a titanium implant, but also an installation that is made primarily of nickel. It, in turn, has zero inertness, and therefore may well cause allergies and irritations to the mucous membrane.

Fortunately, the nickel problem is easily remedied. Modern dentistry has long been replacing it with more “gentle” materials - ceramics and zirconium.

It is worth saying that the process of creating the implants themselves this moment is undergoing a transformation. More recently, one of the Swiss companies - Straumann - proposed using an alloy of zirconium and titanium as the main material for dental implants.

This move will reduce the cost of dental implantation to a minimum without compromising quality.

How to choose the type of implants?

Of course, it is impossible to decide on the type of implants on your own. You cannot do this without the help of a qualified specialist.

It is worth understanding that dental implantation is not just a treatment, but an entire operation that can cause irreparable harm to a person’s health. Of course, if you treat it carelessly and irresponsibly.

In advance, without fail, a comprehensive examination is carried out, which allows us to determine the condition of the patient’s body, identify possible contraindications and risks associated with a particular operation. It is during such a diagnosis that the doctor will be able to understand what dental implants he can offer his patient. The types (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Yekaterinburg - practically nothing depends on geography, the products we are considering are available in any large and not so large city in the country) are diverse. You might like:

• hilar implants, if no pathologies are found in the body and the condition of the bone tissue is normal;
• plate-type, if only the front row needs to be restored;
• combined, or plate-root implants, if complex restoration of the dentition after serious injuries and damage is required;
• subperiosteal, if the bone tissue is in poor condition;
• mini-implants, if it is necessary to restore one or more teeth for purely aesthetic purposes.

Have you decided on the types of implants? All that remains is the small matter - the manufacturer.

Here you should focus primarily on your financial situation. Fortunately, modern implant manufacturers offer a wide price range.

The cheapest dental implants are domestic ones, produced in the CIS countries. Their average price, as a rule, does not exceed 12 thousand rubles.

A more expensive, but still budget-friendly manufacturer is the Israeli company Alpha Bio. The Korean brand Implantium is also popular. Their products cost about 12 thousand rubles, but their quality is at a very serious level, which has become the main reason for their demand in many dental clinics.

The best in the price range from 25 to 30 thousand rubles were the German manufacturer Biomet and the English BioHorizons. There is no longer any doubt about the quality of their products, since the experience of these companies in the dental services market can be the envy of any modern company.

In the segment from 30 to 40 thousand rubles, the most popular are Ankylos and Xive Friadent. Made in Germany, they have become a real bestseller among dental implants and are incredibly popular among all prestigious dental clinics.

Finally, super-premium implants produced by leading Swiss and Swedish manufacturers (Nobel Biocare, Straumann and Astra Tech) are real jewelry work. The manufacturers themselves give them a lifetime guarantee, and also actively share the secrets of installation and treatment with partner companies. They cost from 35 thousand rubles and fully justify their price.

The only thing that must always be remembered is the mandatory consultation with the treating dentist. He will always help you choose the optimal solution to your problem, based not only on the results of the examination, but also on financial capabilities.

A beautiful smile is a guarantee of self-confidence. This is the best indicator of health.

Always be confident and healthy!

Implantation is a universal method that is effective in cases where one, two or all teeth are missing. In this article we will look at the types of implants (or implants) as well as the methods for installing them. Conventionally, implants can be divided into several groups, within which the designs mainly differ in size, as well as design and external coating.

Advantages and photo examples of implantation results

So, if you have firmly decided to install implants, and the therapist and dentist have agreed with you, then you can safely begin to prepare for a complex operation: carefully monitor your oral hygiene, treat gum diseases, if any, and also get rid of caries.

Let us recall the main advantages of dental implantation:

1. Both removable and permanent structures can be used as prostheses,
2. When choosing removable dentures, implants allow them to be better secured. This is very important, because when fixing removable dentures on natural living teeth, the latter are damaged, the lock can fall off at any moment, the adjacent healthy tooth quickly becomes unusable due to additional loads on it,
3. through implantation, the effect of maximum comfort is achieved, when artificial teeth are not felt at all and do not differ from natural ones,
4. implantation allows you to permanently get rid of such a disease as advanced periodontitis (periodontal disease),
5. thanks to implantation, you can insert one tooth without affecting the neighboring ones,
6. artificial teeth (crowns) are securely attached to the implants, you don’t have to worry about the tooth falling off or breaking.

Here are some photos with before and after examples of how implantation can effectively solve the problem of missing teeth:
Example 1 - BEFORE photo on the left - generalized periodontitis, acute bone tissue atrophy. Photo AFTER on the right: implantation and prosthetics of the entire dentition.

Example 2 - BEFORE photo on the left missing destroyed front tooth. Photo AFTER on the right: implantation and tooth prosthetics with a zirconium dioxide crown on a custom abutment.



Example 3 - BEFORE photo on the left complete absence teeth, bone atrophy as a result of long-term wearing of a removable denture. Photo AFTER on the right - complex implantation and prosthetics of the entire dentition with a permanent prosthesis.

Remember that implants, unlike dentures, last a lifetime. At proper care There will be no need to change crowns often. Even if they crack, there will be no need to resort to a second operation; the artificial tooth will be made in the laboratory and then placed on the implant (a completely painless procedure, since no living tissue is affected).

Dental implants are multi-component structures used to restore dentition after the removal of a diseased or damaged tooth. Most often, dental implants (they are also called dental implants) consist of several components that allow for maximum fusion with the bone tissue of the tooth before installing the prosthesis. There are several types of implants, and in order to decide which one is best to use in a particular case, you need to know their positive and negative characteristics. It is also important to navigate the price category, since products from different manufacturers can vary greatly in cost.

What is the difference between an implant and a prosthesis?

Many patients who do not have special knowledge in the field of dental orthopedics often confuse the terms and believe that a denture and an implant are the same thing. A dental implant is a structure in the form of a pin or metal frame that is implanted into the jaw bone and replaces the destroyed tooth root. Dental implants are made from biological materials (most often titanium), which are rarely rejected by the body and fuse well with hard tissues tooth, becoming part of it.

This is the fundamental difference between implantation and prosthetics: a prosthesis, unlike implants, can have a removable or non-removable design and is attached to an artificial support.

Inexpensive implants from Russian manufacturers

Products from the Rusimplant company (Niko, Liko) belong to the budget price category and are significantly inferior in quality to their American or German counterparts. The cost of one implant including installation ranges from 10,000 to 18,000 rubles. According to orthopedic dentists, implants of this brand are best installed to restore the dentition instead of chewing teeth (these are small and large measures), since their aesthetic properties are very different from products from foreign manufacturers.

Rusimplant implants are produced on German equipment and developed jointly with specialists from Germany, but domestic raw materials are used in production, so the cost of finished structures can be kept at the level of the economy segment.

Another Russian brand of dental implants is Conmet. Installation of such a product will cost the patient approximately 12,000-13,000 rubles. Conmet designs can be used for both classical implantation, performed in two stages, and for a one-stage operation.

Table. What are dental implants made of?

Mid-range products

This group of dental implants includes products from Israel and South Korea. Today, these are the most popular brands of dental implants, as they optimally meet the price-quality ratio, have a long service life, have excellent consumer and aesthetic characteristics and are easy to install.

Ards

A young Israeli company that has been working in the dental structures market for just over 10 years (since 2005), but has already managed to establish mass production of high-quality implants, the quality of which is not inferior to products of Swiss and German brands. A significant advantage of dental structures of this brand is the special method of implantation, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the consumption of bone tissue (up to 35-40%).

Anyridge implants are characterized by minimal tissue trauma during installation and an unusual thread design covering the pin or metal structure. The wide thread allows to minimize the risks of poor implantation and loss of the product, and the coating of calcium ions ensures rapid fusion with the tissues of the jaw bone.

Note! Important feature Anyridge products have a very fast installation speed. An experienced doctor can perform the operation in 1-2 minutes, so such implants are more suitable for express implantation. The cost of one implant can reach up to 45,000-55,000 rubles, while the manufacturer provides a lifetime warranty on all its products.

Medical Implant System

MIS brand implants are one of the most popular among products manufactured in Israel. They have good consumer characteristics and properties, are easy and quick to install, and can be used to restore anterior teeth due to their fairly high aesthetic values.

The cost of implanting one structure is usually about 28,000-32,000 rubles.

Adin

Adin dental implants belong to the middle price category, and their price is almost 35% lower than similar products from other brands in this segment. Products are manufactured using high-tech equipment and in accordance with established quality standards, therefore most Adin implants have a lifetime warranty. All products undergo voluntary international certification and are made from titanium alloys, which are considered the best material for the rapid fusion of structures with dental tissues.

Features of products from this manufacturer are:

• good adhesion to bone tissue;
• coating with calcium ions for quick implantation of the implant into the jaw bone;
• possibility of installing bridges on four or six implants (subject to special placement).

Note! Despite the manufacturer’s stated high survival rate of the material from which the pins are made, there are cases of implant rejection. The average percentage of successfully installed implants from the Adin brand is 95-96.9%. For implants from American, Swiss or German manufacturers, this figure reaches 99.8%.

Dentists consider AlfaBio dental implants to be the most popular dental structures that optimally match the price-quality ratio. The company is located in Israel and is one of the leaders in the supply of implants, some of which have a lifetime warranty.

A special feature of these products is that they are produced complete with surgical devices and a set of instruments, so implantation operations are as easy as possible. Due to specially prepared and developed implantation protocols, it is possible to minimize the risk of errors during manipulations. The implants have a rough surface that provides reliable and quick adhesion to surrounding tissues, due to which the products of this company have a record survival rate among products in the middle price segment - 99.7%.

The AlfaBio assortment is quite wide and allows you to choose the appropriate implant for any clinical case taking into account the required tasks and functions. These implants are used for one-stage operations, which represent almost instantaneous installation of the structure in one medical appointment and provide maximum load.

Dentium (Implantium)

A pretty good budget option among high-quality dental implants is Implantium dental products. They are produced in South Korea and meet all the requirements and standards for this group of products.

Orthopedic dentists note the following characteristics of these implants:

• fast speed of implantation;
• no problems or difficulties during pin installation;
• a fairly high survival rate - more than 98%;
• a special coating that provides reliable adhesion to tooth tissues.

The cost of implants of this brand ranges from 28,000 to 35,000 rubles.

South Korean dental implants OSSTEM can be considered leaders among products in the mid-price segment. The company produces a huge range of implants that can be used for one-stage, classical and basal implantation. This is one of the few manufacturers that, upon special order, can produce a temporary implant according to individual sizes, taking into account the anatomical features of the tooth.

Consumer and therapeutic properties of OSSTEM implants:

• the surface of the pin is made in the form of a depression, so the load on the implant can be carried out 5-6 weeks after implantation;
• the entire length of the product is coated with aluminum oxide - this allows you to maximize the service life of the product and reduce the risk of rejection;
• the outer layer of the implant completely imitates the human bone tissue.

Important! OSSTEM dental structures have increased density and strength and can be installed in patients with severely deformed and thinned bone tissue. For these purposes, the company produces special implants with increased stability, which can be implanted even in people with increased fragility and fragility of bones and with systemic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, for example, osteoporosis.

Best Dental Implants

Premium segment products traditionally include implants from manufacturers from Norway, the USA, Germany and Switzerland. It is in these countries that new schemes are constantly being developed to improve the consumer properties of finished structures and ensure maximum survival rate of pins. The only disadvantage of implants in this category is their cost - in different clinics it can reach up to 85,000 rubles.

STRAUMANN

Implants of this brand are firmly among the best products for implantation, as they have maximum consumer properties and characteristics. Four types of materials are used to produce STRAUMANN implants:

• titanium alloys;
• ceramics;
• zirconium;
• leucosapphire (a type of corundum, which is single crystals of aluminum oxide).

STRAUMANN products can be used for various types of implantation. The big advantage is that there is no need for tooth grinding, which may be necessary when installing cheaper implants.

Other advantages include:

• short survival period (no more than 28-30 days);
• maximum adhesion to bone structures and complete elimination of loosening and loss;
• high resistance to moisture;
• possibility of implantation even with severe thinning of the jaw bone.

Important! STRAUMANN implants can be placed even in patients who are prohibited from other types of implantation. These include people with impaired synthesis of insulin and pancreatic hormones, smokers, people with atrophic processes in the musculoskeletal system.

PRODIGY

American PRODIGY implants are widely used for implantation in foreign dental clinics and are among the top ten from around the world. A special feature of products of this brand is the ability to load the prosthesis immediately after installation of the implant (with products from other manufacturers it is necessary to maintain an interval of 4 to 12 weeks). The implants have a hexagonal base, which ensures strong adhesion to bone tissue, rapid implantation and eliminates the risk of loss and fallout of the structure.

PRODIGY designs also differ in the materials used. The pin itself is made of biocompatible materials and coated with quartz-phosphorus particles, which improve adhesion to surrounding tissues. The pin has a square thread, which allows the product to be installed even during atrophic processes in the jaw bone due to the uniform distribution of the weight of the structure on four sides.

BIOHORIZONS

BIOHORIZONS implants are the most affordable brand of dental structures in the premium price segment, which is not inferior in quality to implants from other manufacturers. These products are made from zirconium alloys and have almost the same characteristics as PRODIGY brand implants.

The main properties and parameters include:

• hexagonal base for secure fixation of screw and dental crown;
• possibility of installation immediately after tooth extraction;
• uniform load on the jaw due to the special root-like anatomical shape;
• good survival rate even with a small volume of bone tissue.

A significant disadvantage and the main difference from other implants in the premium segment is the long survival period - it takes about three months. At the same time, the rejection rate of these structures is no more than 1.2%.

What to choose?

Choosing a dental implant is not an easy task. There are more than 150 types of implants from different manufacturers on the market, and it is quite difficult for a person without special education to make the right choice. When selecting the optimal design, it is necessary to take into account many factors - the patient’s age, condition oral cavity, financial opportunities. Great importance has presence chronic diseases and the degree of thinning of the bone tissue that forms the jawbone.

Some types of implants cannot be installed in case of osteoporosis and other bone pathologies, therefore, before the implantation operation, the doctor must collect medical history and prescribes additional examinations if necessary. Dentists consider products from Israel and South Korea to be the best option for most people who need implantation - their quality is almost as good as premium designs, but their cost is 30-40% lower than products from the USA or Germany, which makes them affordable for many categories patients.

Video - Types of dental implants

Restoring lost teeth so that they function as natural or better is possible through dental implantation. Variants of techniques are developed taking into account frequently encountered clinical cases.

Clinical cases

Edentia occurs for various reasons - sports injuries, untreated dental diseases. The absence of one or more teeth is already an indicator for dental implantation.

In addition, indications include:

• Psychological intolerance to traditional prostheses.
• Allergic reactions to removable denture materials.
• Increased gag reflex.
• End defects. A traditional denture is attached to the last teeth in a row. If they are missing, then the prosthesis has nothing to hold on to.

Methods for restoring teeth

1. Removable prosthetics. These are traditional dentures - the base is made of acrylic, and the crowns are made of metal-plastic or a cheaper material. This type of restoration is the most budget-friendly, but quality and wearing comfort are secondary.
2. Bridge prostheses (“bridges”). These are several crowns connected to each other, supported by healthy teeth. The disadvantage of this method is damage to adjacent dental elements, which are heavily ground down to install the “bridge.”
3. Dental implantation. When you need to fill a “gap” in the jaw, get comfort, durability and aesthetics, implants are chosen. They imitate a natural tooth and last for decades.

Implantation methods

The operation is performed under the condition of a completely healthy oral cavity. The choice of method depends on clinical picture and recommendations of a dentist.

Classic (two-phase)

Consists of two stages of prosthetics:

1. Implantation of an implant into bone tissue.
2. After 4-6 months, when the artificial root fuses with the tissues, the doctor installs an abutment (an adapter between the crown and the implant).

The classic protocol is reliable and suitable for a variety of edentulous cases. When using the ROOTT implantation system, after 2-3 months the implant is stabilized and prosthetics are possible.

Basal (express implantation)

This protocol is used when the top layer of the jawbone is severely deformed. Implants are implanted deeper into the basal layer of bone tissue. Due to the depth of its location, the artificial root does not require time to engraft, so the express method takes three days.

One-step

The implant is implanted after removing the remains of the natural tooth root and is immediately loaded with a temporary crown. This option is used when it is necessary to immediately install teeth to maintain aesthetics.

Laser

During the operation, instead of a scalpel, a thin laser is used, which carefully burns out the site for the implant. This helps avoid the risk of developing infections, and the tissues heal faster. The operation is practically bloodless.

Transgingival

This technology of prosthetics is based on computer modulations, with the help of which the dentist selects the angle of installation of the implant. A silicone model of guides is designed on a computer basis, which is installed at the implantation site before surgery without cutting the gum.

ALL ON 4

The method is used when the jaw bone is thinned, and other methods are contraindicated. Four supporting implants are inserted into the patient’s bone tissue; the denture will be supported on them. If attached to four implants, the jaw is restored to the fifth and sixth teeth. Otherwise, the “hinged” teeth will not withstand the chewing load.

ALL ON 6

Suitable for completely edentulous teeth. Six implants are fixed in one day, and after 3-4 days a permanent prosthesis is installed on them.

Features of implantation methods

The classical method takes a long time, but it has more high performance survival rate. This protocol is used in different cases (for example, restoration of lower teeth, which requires painstaking work due to anatomical features).

A one-stage operation is used when an implant with a temporary crown is installed in a patient in one day.

A common condition for the methods (except for the basal method) is a sufficient amount of bone tissue into which the implant will be installed. If it is not enough, then doctors increase it. In case of lower jaw This labor-intensive manipulation is performed in a separate stage. When is implantation needed? upper teeth, when there is a deficiency of bone tissue, dentists use sinus lifting.

Implantation is performed under the condition of a completely healthy oral cavity. The method is selected taking into account in which zone and on which jaw there are not enough teeth.

Today there are five types of dental implants. Each has its own installation nuances, design features, advantages and disadvantages. They also differ in price. This article will help you make your choice. detailed description types of dental implants.

In what cases and why is dental implantation necessary?

In most cases, implantation is carried out to make the patient feel comfortable psychologically.

Implant- This is an artificially created structure that is installed in the jaw to replace a missing tooth, or more precisely, its root.

The inner part of the implant is located inside the bone, and a bridge or crown is placed on the outer part.

Implantation is necessary in the absence of one or more teeth - complete or partial, allowing them to be replaced with permanent artificial ones.

And also for fixing removable dentures – in case we are talking about mini-implants.

In most cases, implantation is carried out to make the patient feel comfortable psychologically. But if, due to the absence of teeth, the bite is severely disturbed, diction changes, and defects appear in the nasolabial area, then implantology becomes a necessity.

Structure of implants

The structure of the implants will be similar for all design options.

The implant consists of the following parts:

Based on these components, different implant designs are formed.

Types and prices of dental implants

The four most common types of dental implants are:

• root-shaped;
• endosseous;
• transosseous;
• subperiosteal.

Root-shaped dental implants

Externally, such an implant looks like a real tooth root, which is why it got its name.

Its body is a metal (most often titanium) screw with a thread applied to it.

Different manufacturers make slightly different implants, but their essence remains the same.

They are used if the bone tissue is sufficiently dense and voluminous. Installation is also possible if the width or height of the bone is insufficient.

Implantation is carried out in several stages:

• bone grafting to add bone mass – if required;
• implantation of a titanium pin into the jaw tissue;
• suturing gum tissue;
• healing period – from 3 months to six months.

The pin can be supplied with or without a head.

Root dental implants are the most sought after and popular.

Their advantages:

• good survival rate;
• minimum complications;
• naturalness of design;
• possibility of installation even with a lack of bone mass.

The disadvantages of this type are that if there is a clear lack of bone mass or low density, it will be impossible to place a root implant.

The cost is based on several factors. This includes the clinic’s pricing policy, manufacturing materials, implant sizes, and manufacturer.

According to the last point, implants are divided into three price categories:

• branded – these are products from “promoted”, world-famous manufacturers;
• budget ones - from little-known domestic companies;
• the most acceptable, from a proven reliable manufacturer, but at the best price.

Thus, the cost of one implant fluctuates on average from 25 to 100 thousand rubles.

Important! The cost of the implant only includes it metal part. The crown or bridge - that is, the external part - is paid separately.

Root-shaped implants are used if the bone tissue is sufficiently dense and voluminous

Endosseous implants

Popular type of design. Its essence is that the implant is installed inside the bone - that’s why they are also called intraosseous.

Endosseous include:

Such implants are placed, one way or another, inside the bone. Either it will be a vertical pin or a complex horizontal structure.

The undeniable advantage of endosseous structures is their reliability. Installed inside the bone, they are especially durable and resistant to mechanical damage.

Another advantage is their variability: that is, you can choose the shape of the structure for any specific situation. Disadvantages depend on the variety. For example, plate implants are more fragile and more labor-intensive than root implants.

The cost also depends on the type of endosseous implant. The root one will be more expensive than the lamellar one.

The cost of the latter is from 20 thousand rubles. and higher, and the root one is at least 25 thousand. Combined ones are more expensive because they replace several teeth at once.

Transosseous implants

Transosseous implants consist of pins and plates.

Prosthetics are performed as follows:

• the plates are located along the lower edge of the lower jaw;
• the pins protruding from this plate are partly embedded in the bone and partly pass through it to secure the dentures.

The process of installing transosseous implants is complex and traumatic. It is carried out under general anesthesia. All this is a significant design drawback, so at present such implants are practically not used anywhere.

Transosseous (transosseous) implant

Subperiosteal implants

The peculiarity of subperiosteal implants is that they do not require drilling into bone tissue to install them. They are installed under the gum, between the bone and the periosteum, with mounting on the bone. This design is more massive than intraosseous implants.

The installation consists of several stages:

• determining the shape of the jawbone - using an impression or computed tomography;
• production of an implant according to individual sizes and taking into account structural features;
• performing the operation under anesthesia.

The advantage of subperiosteal implants is that they can be installed even with severe bone tissue atrophy. However, they are less reliable than intraosseous ones, and it is difficult to choose the ideal shape taking into account all the features, so there is a high risk of failure.

The cost varies depending on the individual characteristics of the patient’s jaw structure.

Subperiosteal (subperiosteal) implants

Mini implants

Mini implant

Mini implants are essentially root implants, but differ in size from regular ones. Small screws are attached to the bone tissue. A removable prosthesis is fixed to them.

They have virtually no contraindications. Installation of implants is easy and quick, the risk of complications is minimal.

Unlike conventional root implants, they do not require bone tissue augmentation, which lasts several months.

You can install the prosthesis on mini-implants immediately after their implantation.

But they are intended only for fixing a removable prosthesis, so they cannot withstand heavy loads and are not suitable for installing a permanent prosthesis on them.

The cost of mini implants is three to four times lower than regular ones. This means that installation will cost less than 20 thousand rubles.

Important! Mini-implants are the best option for securing a prosthesis that replaces an entire row of teeth. In this case, the installation will be much cheaper than if you install a root implant instead of each individual tooth.

Forms

Dental implants differ not only in their design features, but also in their shape.

Common forms:

1. Screw. The most popular implant with many variations. They differ in the shape of the thread, the material of manufacture, and the type of coating. There are also collapsible and non-dismountable designs, one- and two-stage.
2. Cylindrical. They differ from screw implants in the shape of the pin and the presence/absence of threads.
3. Lamellar. Such implants are used less frequently and only in situations where the bone tissue is too narrow for a screw implant, and the situation cannot be corrected even by increasing it. They are a plate fixed horizontally.

Lamellar Screw Cylindrical

In addition, various variations of combined implants are used. The shape is determined individually in each specific situation, based on the structural features of the jaw and other nuances.

Types of implants by material of manufacture

The most common material for dental implants is titanium. It is hypoallergenic and durable, biocompatible and can remain in the human body for decades without causing any harm. Titanium is used both in pure form, and in the form of alloys.

IN in rare cases titanium causes individual intolerance in humans. In this case, zirconium oxide is used to make implants - a more expensive material with similar properties, or cheaper, but short-lived materials.

Based on material, implants are divided into the following types:

• bioinert from titanium and its alloys, zirconium, gold;
• biotolerant from alloys of chromium, cobalt, stainless steel;
• bioactive with ceramic coating.

Only bioinert implants that do not cause negative reactions in the body are practically eternal. The rest are not very durable and require periodic replacement.

How to choose?

The type of implant is selected individually in each specific case based on an examination of the patient. Usually, a medical council gathers for this purpose to assess the situation from all sides at once. A comprehensive examination of the body is also carried out to determine possible risks and contraindications.

When choosing an implant, a comprehensive examination of the body is carried out to determine possible risks and contraindications.

What criteria are used to select the type of implant:

• the condition of the patient's teeth;
• shape and structure of the jaw;
• condition of bone tissue;
• general state of human health;
• patient's financial capabilities;
• implant manufacturer.

You can choose your own implant option in almost any situation.

Types of implantation

Depending on the duration of the procedure and the speed of tissue healing, implantation can be:

1. One-stage. This is how non-separable implants are placed, installed immediately. One session is enough.
2. Two-stage. A procedure in which an intraosseous implant is first implanted, then the tissue healing process occurs, and only after that the external part is placed.
3. Direct. In this case, the implant is installed immediately after removal of the damaged root. This avoids unnecessary tissue trauma and also reduces the time required.
4. Deferred. When a long period of time passes between the extraction or loss of a tooth and the implantation of an implant. In this case, the bone tissue gradually atrophies, and its extension may be necessary.

In addition, the procedure differs in the type of anesthesia - local or general.

Techniques

The procedure will vary in each specific case:

1. Basal. Temporary solution. Implants are placed in the deep layers of bone tissue with a lateral inclination.
2. Subperiosteal. Practically not used in modern dentistry. The implant is installed under the periosteum.
3. Transosseous. This is also a rather outdated method. The implant is fixed with a curved bracket with pins.
4. Intraosseous-subperiosteal. Combination of intraosseous and subperiosteal implants.
5. Endosseous. Popular modern method with implantation of the implant into the jaw bone tissue.
6. Endodonto-endosseous. Used to secure real problem teeth, but not to replace them.
7. Intramucosal. Small implants are implanted into soft tissue to attach a removable denture to them.
8. Submucosa. Method of fixing removable structures.

There are also various combined methods for fixing implants.

If you think that you need dental implants, then all you need to do is go to a good dental clinic. Specialists will assess your situation and determine what to do next – when, how and for how much.