Novocain 2 percent instruction. Novocain side effects
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Novocaine (Novocainum) injection solution
COMPOSITION AND FORM OF RELEASE
Solutions of novocaine 0.5%, 1%, 2% - contain in their composition: β-diethylaminoethyl ester of para-aminobenzoic acid hydrochloride and water for injection. It is colorless clear liquid. Packed in bottles of 10, 20, 100, 200, 250, 400, 450 or 500 ml.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Novocain has a wide breadth of therapeutic action. When absorbed and directly injected into the bloodstream, it has a general effect on the body, reduces the formation of acetylcholine and lowers the excitability of peripheral cholinergic systems, has a blocking effect on autonomic ganglia, reduces spasms of smooth muscles, reduces the excitability of the heart muscle and the excitability of the motor areas of the cerebral cortex. In the body, novocaine is hydrolyzed, forming para-aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol, which are pharmacologically active substances. Para-aminobenzoic acid is a constituent of the molecule folic acid, has an antihistamine effect, participates in detoxification processes, has an antisulfanilamide effect. Diethylaminoethanol has a moderate vasodilating effect. Resorbed novocaine, affecting interoreceptors, causes a restructuring of the autonomic innervation and thus has a long-term therapeutic effect in hypertension, a number of pulmonary and other diseases. The anesthetic property of novocaine manifests itself quickly and acts for a short time.
INDICATIONS
For local anesthesia, therapeutic blockades with various diseases, dissolving penicillin and other drugs. For the treatment of various non-contagious diseases in combination with specific and symptomatic agents, the drug is prescribed for gastric ulcers, atony with tympania of the proventriculus and intestines, dyspepsia, spastic colic, mechanical intestinal obstruction, traumatic peritonitis, reticuloperitonitis, spasm of blood vessels (blockade according to V.V. Mosin and lumbar blockade according to A.I. Fedotov). In ophthalmology, novocaine is used for keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, periodic inflammation of the eyes in horses (infraorbital blockade). In surgery, novocaine is used to treat wounds, ulcers, fistulas, myositis, papillomatosis (intradermal or intravenous). In obstetric and gynecological practice, novocaine is prescribed for metritis, endometritis, prolapse of the uterus and vagina, retention of the placenta in cows and goats (perinephric blockade), with serous-catarrhal mastitis (central injection into the affected lobe and by blockade of the udder according to B. A. Bashkirov or D. D. Logvinov).
DOSES AND METHOD OF APPLICATION
Novocain is used for infiltration anesthesia in the form of 0.25-0.5% solutions administered in an amount of 30 to 300 ml, and in some cases - several liters; for anesthesia according to the method of A. V. Vishnevsky (tight creeping infiltration) - 0.125-0.25%; spinal anesthesia - 1-2%. For novocaine blockade of the celiac nerves and borderline sympathetic trunks (according to Mosin), a 0.5% solution of novocaine is used. The solution is injected at the point of intersection of the anterior edge of the last rib with the lateral edge of the longissimus muscle until it stops in the body of the penultimate thoracic vertebra. Cattle and horses are injected with 0.5 ml per 1 kg of body weight; pigs, sheep, goats and dogs - 15-20 ml per animal; foxes, rabbits and cats - 3-5 ml per animal on each side. For a short novocaine blockade of the nerves of the udder (according to Logvinov), 150-200 ml of a 0.5% solution of novocaine is injected into the suprapyatnia of the affected quarter. For blockade of the external pudendal nerve (according to Bashkirov), 80-100 ml of a 0.5% solution of novocaine is injected into the loose tissue between the large and small lumbar muscles of the corresponding side. For pararenal blockade (according to Vishnevsky), novocaine is injected into the perirenal tissue in the form of 0.25-0.5% solutions. Novocaine solutions are used intravenously, subcutaneously and orally (0.25-0.5%), intramuscularly (1-2%), into the aorta (1%). The concentration and dose depend on the weight, age of the animal, the course of the disease, the type of anesthesia and the nature of the surgical intervention. Maximum single doses of novocaine per head: horses 2.5 g, cattle 2 g, dogs 0.5 g or (in ml per animal):
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Kind of animal |
0.5% solution |
1% solution |
2% solution |
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Cattle |
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Release form
Compound
1 ml of drops contains 6.8 mg of timolol maleate (5 mg of timolol). Excipients: benzalkonium chloride; sodium dihydrophosphate monohydrate; disodium phosphate dodecahydrate; sodium chloride; disodium edetate dihydrate; sodium hydroxide; purified water
Pharmacological effect
Local anesthetic with moderate activity and a wide range of therapeutic effects. When administered intravenously, it exhibits analgesic and anti-shock activity, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic effects. It prevents the generation of impulses at the endings of sensory nerves and the conduction of impulses along nerve fibers. Changes the action potential in the membranes of nerve cells without a pronounced effect on the resting potential. With absorption and direct vascular injection into the bloodstream, it reduces the excitability of peripheral cholinergic systems, reduces the formation and release of acetylcholine from preganglionic endings, reduces spasm of smooth muscles, and inhibits the excitability of the myocardium and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Eliminates the descending inhibitory influences of the reticular formation of the brain stem. Inhibits polysynaptic reflexes. In large doses, it can disrupt neuromuscular conduction, cause convulsions. Shows a short anesthetic activity (the duration of infiltration anesthesia is 0.5–1 h). Compared with lidocaine and buvicaine, procaine has a less pronounced anesthetic effect, and therefore, it has a relatively low toxicity and a greater therapeutic breadth. The antiarrhythmic effect is due to an increase in the refractory period, a decrease in the excitability and automatism of the myocardium. When administered intramuscularly, it is effective for the treatment of elderly patients in the early stages of diseases associated with functional disorders of the central nervous system
Pharmacokinetics
When administered parenterally, it is well absorbed. The degree of absorption depends on the site and route of administration (especially on vascularization and blood flow velocity in the injection site) and the final dose (amount and concentration). It is rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma and tissue esterases and cholinesterases to form two main pharmacologically active metabolites: diethylaminoethanol (has a moderate vasodilating effect) and para-aminobenzoic acid (is a competitive antagonist of sulfanilamide chemotherapeutic drugs). medicines and may weaken their antimicrobial activity). The half-life is 30-50 s, in the neonatal period - 54-114 s. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites (80%); no more than 2% is displayed unchanged. Metabolism of procaine is impaired in patients with a genetic deficiency of plasma cholinesterase. Poorly absorbed through mucous membranes
Indications
Infiltration, conduction, epidural and spinal anesthesia; vagosympathetic and pararenal blockade; pain syndrome in gastric ulcer and duodenum, hemorrhoids, nausea
Contraindications
Individual sensitivity
Precautionary measures
Before using procaine, it is mandatory to conduct a skin test for individual sensitivity to the drug, which is evidenced by swelling and redness of the injection site. When using the drug, control of the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory and central nervous systems is required. To reduce systemic action, toxicity and prolong the effect of local anesthesia, procaine is used in combination with vasoconstrictors (0.1% solution of epinephrine hydrochloride at the rate of 1 drop for 2–5 ml of novocaine solution). When conducting local anesthesia when using the same total dose, the toxicity of procaine is the higher, the more concentrated the solution used is. In this regard, with an increase in the concentration of the solution, it is recommended to reduce the total dose or dilute the solution of the drug to a lower concentration (sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution). To prevent the development of hypersensitivity reactions, therapy begins with the introduction of 2 ml of a 2% solution, after 3 days (in the absence side effects) is administered 3 ml, then proceed to the introduction of a full dose - 5 ml per injection. The drug is used with caution in emergency operations accompanied by acute blood loss, conditions accompanied by a decrease in hepatic blood flow, progression cardiovascular insufficiency(usually due to the development of heart block and shock), inflammatory diseases or infection of the injection site, pseudocholinesterase deficiency, renal failure, childhood (under 18 years), elderly patients (over 65 years), seriously ill, debilitated patients, during pregnancy, during childbirth and lactation (breastfeeding) Procaine slowly penetrates through intact mucous membranes, as a result of which it does not provide superficial anesthesia. During the period of outpatient treatment, it is necessary to refrain from administering vehicles and work that requires heightened attention, speed of mental and motor reactions
Use during pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy and lactation, the drug is used only if the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus and child.
Dosage and administration
Novocaine is administered intramuscularly - 5-10 ml of a 1-2% solution 3 times a week for a month, after which a 10-day break is taken; for infiltration anesthesia, 0.25-0.5% solutions are used, for conduction anesthesia - 2% solution. Inside - 1/2 tsp (for pain). Method of application and dose. Novocaine is used intradermally, intramuscularly, intravenously. For infiltration anesthesia, a 0.25-0.5% solution is used, for anesthesia according to the Vishnevsky method (tight creeping infiltration) - 0.125-0.25% solutions, for conduction anesthesia - 1-2% solutions, for epi- or epidural anesthesia - 2% solution. Perhaps the appointment for intraosseous anesthesia. If it is necessary to use lower concentrations of procaine (0.125% or 0.25%), the solutions are diluted with a sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution to the required concentration before use. Intravenous administration is carried out slowly, preferably in isotonic sodium chloride solution. With local anesthesia, the dosing regimen is individual, depending on the type of anesthesia, route of administration, indications, condition and age of the patient. For conduction anesthesia, up to 25 ml of a 2% solution is injected; for epidural - 20-25 ml of 2% solution. Higher doses of procaine in conduction blockade of nerves and plexuses, epidural anesthesia - no more than 0.5 g once without epinephrine or 1 g with epinephrine. With pararenal blockade (according to Vishnevsky), 50-80 ml of a 0.5% solution are injected into the perirenal tissue, with vagosympathetic blockade - 30-100 ml of a 0.25% solution. For cupping pain syndrome used intramuscularly or intravenously. Intravenously injected from 1 ml to 10-15 ml of a 0.5% solution. For circulatory and paravertebral blockade in eczema and neurodermatitis, novocaine 0.5% is used intradermally. For treatment early stages diseases that are more common in the elderly (endarteritis, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, spasms of the coronary vessels and cerebral vessels, diseases of rheumatic and infectious origin, etc.) 2% solution of 5 ml is administered intramuscularly 2 times a week, the course is 12 injections, a break – 10 days (four courses are possible during the year). With atrial fibrillation, a 0.25% solution of 2-4 ml is administered intravenously 4-5 times a day. For adults, the maximum single dose for intramuscular injection is 0.1 g, intravenous - 0.05 g; the maximum daily dose for both routes of administration is 0.1 g. Doses for children depending on age and body weight have not been developed. Novocaine is also used to dissolve antibiotics of the penicillin group in order to lengthen their duration.
Side effects
Dizziness, weakness, hypotension, allergic reactions
Overdose
Symptoms: pallor skin and mucous membranes, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, increased nervous excitability, cold sweat, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure almost to collapse, tremor, convulsions, apnea, methemoglobinemia, respiratory depression, sudden cardiovascular collapse. The action on the central nervous system is manifested by a feeling of fear, hallucinations, convulsions, motor excitation. In cases of overdose, the administration of the drug should be stopped immediately. During local anesthesia, the injection site can be punctured with adrenaline. Treatment: general resuscitation measures, which include oxygen inhalation, if necessary, mechanical ventilation. If convulsions continue for more than 15-20 seconds, they are stopped intravenous administration thiopental (100-150 mg) or diazepam (5-20 mg). With arterial hypotension and / or myocardial depression, ephedrine (15-30 mg) is administered intravenously, in severe cases, detoxification and symptomatic therapy. In case of development of intoxication after the injection of novocaine into the muscles of the leg or arm, an urgent application of a tourniquet is recommended to reduce the subsequent entry of the drug into the general circulation
Interaction with other drugs
Prolongs the neuromuscular blockade caused by suxamethonium (since both drugs are hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase). The use simultaneously with MAO inhibitors (furazolidone, procarbazine, selegelin) increases the risk of arterial hypotension. The toxicity of procaine is increased by anticholinesterase drugs (suppressing its hydrolysis). Procaine metabolite (para-aminobenzoic acid) is a competitive antagonist sulfa drugs and may weaken their antimicrobial activity. When treating the injection site of a local anesthetic with disinfectant solutions containing heavy metals, the risk of developing a local reaction in the form of pain and swelling increases. Potentiates the action of direct anticoagulants. The drug reduces the effect of anticholinesterase drugs on neuromuscular transmission. Possible cross-sensitization
special instructions
With caution: in case of violation of the function of the cardio - vascular system; with heart failure
local anesthetic
Active substance
Procaine (procaine)
Release form, composition and packaging
Solution for injection 0.5% transparent, colorless.
Excipients: hydrochloric acid 0.1M, water for injection.
2 ml - ampoules (10) / complete with an ampoule knife or a scarifier, if necessary for ampoules of this type /) - packs of cardboard.
5 ml - ampoules (10) / complete with an ampoule knife or a scarifier, if necessary for ampoules of this type /) - packs of cardboard.
10 ml - ampoules (10) / complete with an ampoule knife or a scarifier, if necessary for ampoules of this type /) - packs of cardboard.
pharmachologic effect
A local anesthetic with moderate anesthetic activity and a wide range of therapeutic effects. Being weak base, blocks Na + - channels, prevents the generation of impulses at the endings of sensory nerves and the conduction of impulses along nerve fibers. Changes the action potential in the membranes of nerve cells without a pronounced effect on the resting potential. Suppresses the conduction of not only pain, but also impulses of a different modality. With absorption and direct vascular injection into the bloodstream, it reduces the excitability of peripheral cholinergic systems, reduces the formation and release of acetylcholine from preganglionic endings (it has some ganglion-blocking effect), eliminates spasm of smooth muscles, and reduces the excitability of the myocardium and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Eliminates the descending inhibitory influences of the reticular formation of the brain stem. Inhibits polysynaptic reflexes. In high doses, it can cause convulsions. It has a short anesthetic activity (the duration of infiltration anesthesia is 0.5-1 h).
Pharmacokinetics
Undergoes complete systemic absorption. The degree of absorption depends on the site and route of administration (especially on vascularization and blood flow rate of administration) and the final dose (amount and concentration). It is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases and the liver with the formation of two main pharmacologically active metabolites: diethylaminoethanol (has a moderate vasodilating effect) and para-aminobenzoic acid (it is a competitive antagonist of sulfanilamide drugs and can weaken their effect). T 1/2 - 30-50 s, in the neonatal period - 54-114 s. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites, no more than 2% is excreted unchanged.
Indications
Infiltration (including intraosseous) anesthesia; vagosympathetic cervical, pararenal, circular and paravertebral blockades.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity (including to para-aminobenzoic acid and other local anesthetic esters). Children's age up to 12 years.
For anesthesia by the method of creeping infiltrate - pronounced fibrotic changes in tissues.
Carefully. Emergency operations accompanied by acute blood loss; conditions associated with a decrease in hepatic blood flow (for example, chronic insufficiency, liver disease); progression of cardiovascular insufficiency (usually due to the development of heart blocks and shock); inflammatory diseases or infection at the injection site; pseudocholinesterase deficiency; ; childhood from 12 to 18 years old, elderly age(over 65 years old); with caution in seriously ill and / or debilitated patients; during pregnancy and during childbirth.
Dosage
Only for procaine solution 5 mg/ml (0.5%).
For infiltration anesthesia 350-600 mg (70-120 ml) are administered. Higher doses for infiltration anesthesia for adults: the first single dose at the beginning of the operation - not more than 0.75 g (150 ml), then during each hour of the operation - not more than 2 g (400 ml) of the solution.
At pararenal blockade(according to A.V. Vishnevsky) 50-80 ml is injected into the perirenal tissue.
At circular and paravertebral blockade intradermally injected 5-10 ml. With vagosympathetic blockade, 30-40 ml is administered.
For reduce absorption and prolong action with local anesthesia, additionally injected 0.1% solution of epinephrine hydrochloride - 1 drop per 2-5-10 ml of procaine solution.
The maximum dose for use in children over 12 years old- 15 mg/kg.
Side effects
From the side of the central and peripheral nervous system: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, lockjaw.
From the side of the cardiovascular system: increase or decrease in blood pressure, peripheral vasodilation, collapse, bradycardia, arrhythmias,.
From the side of the hematopoietic organs: methemoglobinemia.
Allergic reactions: itchy skin, skin rash, other anaphylactic reactions (including anaphylactic shock), urticaria (on the skin and mucous membranes). If during the use of the drug any of the indicated in the instructions appeared side effects or they get worse, or if you notice any other side effects not listed in the instructions, tell your doctor.
Overdose
Symptoms: pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, "cold" sweat, increased respiration, tachycardia, lowering blood pressure, up to collapse, apnea, methemoglobinemia. action on the central nervous system manifested by a feeling of fear, hallucinations, convulsions, motor excitation.
Treatment: maintaining adequate pulmonary ventilation, detoxification and symptomatic therapy.
drug interaction
Enhances the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system of drugs for general anesthesia, sleeping pills, sedatives, narcotic analgesics and tranquilizers.
Anticoagulants (sodium ardeparin, sodium dalteparin, sodium danaparoid, sodium heparin, warfarin) increase the risk of bleeding. When treating the injection site with disinfectant solutions containing heavy metals, the risk of developing a local reaction in the form of pain and swelling increases.
Use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (, procarbazine, selegiline) increases the risk of developing a pronounced decrease in blood pressure. Enhances and prolongs the action of muscle relaxant drugs. Vasoconstrictors (epinephrine, methoxamine, phenylephrine) prolong the local anesthetic effect.
Procaine reduces the antimyasthenic effect of drugs, especially when used in high doses, which requires additional correction in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
Cholinesterase inhibitors (antimyasthenic drugs, cyclophosphamide, demecarium bromide, ecothiopa iodide, thiotepa) reduce the metabolism of local anesthetic drugs.
The metabolite of procaine (para-aminobenzoic acid) is a sulfonamide antagonist.
special instructions
Patients require monitoring of the functions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and the central nervous system.
It is necessary to cancel monoamine oxidase inhibitors 10 days before the introduction of a local anesthetic.
It should be borne in mind that when performing local anesthesia using the same total dose, the toxicity of procaine is the higher, the more concentrated the solution is used.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms
During the period of treatment, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require an increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Pregnancy and lactation
If it is necessary to prescribe the drug during pregnancy, the expected benefit to the mother and the potential risk to the fetus should be compared. With caution during childbirth.
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
The drug is dispensed by prescription.
Terms and conditions of storage
Store the drug in a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Shelf life - 3 years. Do not use after the expiry date stated on the packaging.
injection.
1 ml of the solution contains 5 mg or 20 mg of procaine hydrochloride as an active substance and excipients - a solution of hydrochloric acid 0.1 m, water for injection. Description: Clear, colorless or slightly colored liquid.
Description of the dosage form
solution for infusion
Novocain: Indications
infiltration, conduction and epidural anesthesia; vagosympathetic cervical, pararenal, circular and paravertebral blockades.
Novocain: Contraindications
Hypersensitivity (including to para-aminobenzoic acid and other local anesthetics), children under 12 years of age. For anesthesia by the creeping infiltrate method: pronounced fibrotic changes in the tissues. For epidural anesthesia: atrioventricular block, marked decrease in blood pressure, shock, infection of the lumbar puncture site, septicemia.
With caution Emergency operations, accompanied by acute blood loss; conditions accompanied by a decrease in hepatic blood flow (for example, in chronic heart failure, liver diseases); pseudocholinesterase deficiency; kidney failure; children's age from 12 to 18 years and in elderly patients (over 65 years); weakened patients; pregnancy and childbirth.
Dosage and administration
For infiltration anesthesia: use 0.25-0.5% solutions; for anesthesia according to the Vishnevsky method (tight creeping infiltration) - 0.125-0.25% solutions. To reduce absorption and prolong the action during local anesthesia, an additional 0.1% solution of epinephrine hydrochloride is administered - 1 drop per 2-5-10 ml of procaine solution. Higher doses for infiltration anesthesia for adults: the first single dose at the beginning of the operation - no more than 500 ml for a 0.25% solution or 150 ml for a 0.5% solution. In the future, during each hour of the operation - no more than 1000 ml for a 0.25% solution or 400 ml for a 0.5% solution. The maximum dose for use in children over 12 years old is 15 mg / kg. For conduction anesthesia: 1-2% solutions (up to 25 ml); for epidural - 2% solution (20-25 ml). With pararenal blockade (according to A.V. Vishnevsky), 50-80 ml of a 0.5% solution or 100-150 ml of a 0.25% solution are injected into the perirenal tissue, and with vagosympathetic blockade - 30-100 ml of a 0.25% solution. For circular or paravertebral blockades, a 0.25% - 0.5% solution is injected intradermally.
Novocain side effects
Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, cauda equina syndrome, convulsions, increased or decreased blood pressure, collapse, peripheral vasodilation, bradycardia, arrhythmia, pain in chest, involuntary urination or defecation, impotence, methemoglobinemia, allergic reactions (up to anaphylactic shock). From the side digestive system: nausea, vomiting. Other: return of pain, persistent anesthesia, hypothermia, with anesthesia in dentistry: numbness and paresthesia of the lips and tongue, prolongation of anesthesia.
Overdose
Symptoms: pale skin and mucous membranes. Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, "cold" sweat, increased severity of side effects. Treatment: maintaining adequate pulmonary ventilation, detoxification and sympathetic therapy.
Interaction
Enhances the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system of general anesthesia, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotic analgesics and tranquilizers. When using local anesthetic drugs for spinal and epidural anesthesia with guanadrel, guanethidine, mecamylamine, trimethaphan, the risk of a sharp decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia increases. Anticoagulants (ardeparin, dalteparin, danaparoid, enoxaparin, heparin, warfarin) increase the risk of bleeding. When treating the injection site of a local anesthetic with disinfectant solutions containing heavy metals, the risk of developing a local reaction in the form of pain and swelling increases. Use with MAO inhibitors (furazolidone, procarbazine, selegeline) increases the risk of hypotension. Strengthen and lengthen the action of muscle relaxants. When prescribing procaine together with narcotic analgesics, an additive effect is noted, which is used during spinal and epidural anesthesia, while respiratory depression increases. Vasoconstrictors (epinephrine, methoxamine, phenylephrine) prolong the local anesthetic effect. Procaine reduces the antimyasthenic effect of drugs, especially when used in high doses, which requires additional correction in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Cholinesterase inhibitors (anti-myasthenic JIC, cyclophosphamide, demecarine, ecothiophate, thiotepa) reduce the metabolism of procaine. The procaine metabolite (para-aminobenzoic acid) is a sulfonamide antagonist.
Solutions of novocaine 0.5%, 1%, 2% - contain in their composition: β-diethylaminoethyl ester of para-aminobenzoic acid hydrochloride and water for injection. It is a colorless transparent liquid. Packed in bottles of 10, 20, 100, 200, 250, 400, 450 or 500 ml.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Novocain has a wide breadth of therapeutic action. When absorbed and directly injected into the bloodstream, it has a general effect on the body, reduces the formation of acetylcholine and lowers the excitability of peripheral cholinergic systems, has a blocking effect on autonomic ganglia, reduces spasms of smooth muscles, reduces the excitability of the heart muscle and the excitability of the motor areas of the cerebral cortex. In the body, novocaine is hydrolyzed, forming para-aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol, which are pharmacologically active substances. Para-aminobenzoic acid is an integral part of the folic acid molecule, has an antihistamine effect, participates in detoxification processes, and has an antisulfanilamide effect. Diethylaminoethanol has a moderate vasodilating effect. Resorbed novocaine, affecting interoreceptors, causes a restructuring of the autonomic innervation and thus has a long-term therapeutic effect in hypertension, a number of pulmonary and other diseases. The anesthetic property of novocaine manifests itself quickly and acts for a short time.
INDICATIONS
For local anesthesia, therapeutic blockades for various diseases, dissolution of penicillin and other drugs. For the treatment of various non-contagious diseases in combination with specific and symptomatic agents, the drug is prescribed for gastric ulcers, atony with tympania of the proventriculus and intestines, dyspepsia, spastic colic, mechanical intestinal obstruction, traumatic peritonitis, reticuloperitonitis, spasm of blood vessels (blockade according to V.V. Mosin and lumbar blockade according to A.I. Fedotov). In ophthalmology, novocaine is used for keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, periodic inflammation of the eyes in horses (infraorbital blockade). In surgery, novocaine is used to treat wounds, ulcers, fistulas, myositis, papillomatosis (intradermal or intravenous). In obstetric and gynecological practice, novocaine is prescribed for metritis, endometritis, prolapse of the uterus and vagina, retention of the placenta in cows and goats (perinephric blockade), with serous-catarrhal mastitis (central injection into the affected lobe and by blockade of the udder according to B. A. Bashkirov or D. D. Logvinov).
DOSES AND METHOD OF APPLICATION
Novocaine is used for infiltration anesthesia in the form of 0.25 - 0.5% solutions administered in an amount of 30 - 300 ml, and in some cases - several liters; for anesthesia according to the method of A. V. Vishnevsky (tight creeping infiltration) - 0.125 - 0.25%; spinal anesthesia - 1 - 2%. For novocaine blockade of the celiac nerves and borderline sympathetic trunks (according to Mosin), a 0.5% solution of novocaine is used. The solution is injected at the point of intersection of the anterior edge of the last rib with the lateral edge of the longissimus muscle until it stops in the body of the penultimate thoracic vertebra. Cattle and horses are injected with 0.5 ml per 1 kg of body weight; pigs, sheep, goats and dogs - 15-20 ml per animal; foxes, rabbits and cats - 3 - 5 ml per animal on each side. For a short novocaine blockade of the nerves of the udder (according to Logvinov), 150-200 ml of a 0.5% solution of novocaine is injected into the suprapyatnia of the affected quarter. For blockade of the external pudendal nerve (according to Bashkirov), 80-100 ml of a 0.5% solution of novocaine is injected into the loose tissue between the large and small lumbar muscles of the corresponding side. For pararenal blockade (according to Vishnevsky), novocaine is injected into the perirenal tissue in the form of 0.25 - 0.5% solutions. Novocaine solutions are used intravenously, subcutaneously and orally (0.25 - 0.5%), intramuscularly (1 - 2%), into the aorta (1%). The concentration and dose depend on the weight, age of the animal, the course of the disease, the type of anesthesia and the nature of the surgical intervention. The maximum single dose of novocaine per head: horses 2.5 g, cattle 2 g, dogs 0.5 g or (in ml per animal).
SIDE EFFECTS
In very rare cases allergic reactions. In toxic doses causes excitation, then paralysis of the central nervous system.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
To reduce absorption and lengthen the action during local anesthesia, a solution of adrenaline hydrochloride (0.1%) is added, 1 drop per 2-10 ml of novocaine solution.
STORAGE CONDITIONS
List B. In the manufacturer's closed packaging, in a dry, protected from direct sunlight, out of the reach of children and animals, separately from food and feed at a temperature of 0 - 25 ° C. The shelf life of the drug is 3 years from the date of manufacture.