Under a democratic regime, publicity is. Social Studies Test (Preparation for the Unified State Examination)

OPTION 1

1. Write down the missing word in the table.

OBJECTS OF SCIENCE

THE SCIENCE

OBJECT OF SCIENCE

...

Patterns of the relationship of social subjects about political power

Jurisprudence

The system of basic concepts of jurisprudence and the main branches of Russian law

2. Find a concept that generalizes to all the other concepts in the series below. Write down this word (phrase).

moral standards ; positive sanctions ; social control ; legal regulations ; negative sanctions .

3. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, characterize the concept of "post-industrial society". Find two terms that “fall out” of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in response.

1) science

2) industrial revolution

3) information

4) globalization

5) traditionalism

6) internet

4. Choose the correct judgments about new trends in education and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Through email and video conferencing, schools can establish and maintain international connections.

2) Distance learning is becoming more widespread among students of different ages.

3) The humanization of education involves increased attention to the personality of the student, his interests, needs.

4) modern education focuses on the competence of students, and therefore knowledge becomes unnecessary.

5) Previously, attention was paid to continuing education, and now the complete secondary school provides sufficient educational preparation.

5. Establish a correspondence between the functions of the family and their manifestations: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

MANIFESTATIONS OF FAMILY FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY

A) distribution of family responsibilities

B) joint leisure activities

C) family budget planning

D) transmission of traditions and values

D) removal of psychological stress

1) recreational

2) economic

3) educational

Write in the line of answers the chosen numbers under the corresponding letters.

A

6. Scientists study the social structure of modern society. What are the methods that distinguish scientific knowledge from other types cognitive activity can they be used?

1) modeling the processes of social differentiation in conditions of economic instability

2) collection of statistical data through questionnaires

3) development and implementation of a set of measures of state support for low-income families

4) description of cases of social differentiation of the population

5) putting forward and testing hypotheses about the directions of social policy to mitigate income inequality

6) assessment of the facts of social stratification of society from the standpoint of the ideals of equality and justice

7. Find in the list below the mechanisms for the implementation of the state's monetary (monetary) policy. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) support and protection of competition

2) change in the discount rate of interest for a loan

3) ensuring the protection of property rights

4) regulation of income of the population

5) establishment of the bank reserve norm

6) operations in the securities market

8. Establish a correspondence between the type of unemployment and its characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

SIGNS

TYPE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

A) occurs when there is a decline in production

B) covers all areas of production

C) is caused by changes in the structure of demand and production technology

D) can lead to severe social upheaval

D) leads to the need for the emergence of new professions

1) cyclic

2) structural

A

9. Nadezhda is 40 years old, she is a housewife. A woman maintains order in the house, takes care of her husband, who works at a large enterprise. To what categories of the population can Nadezhda be attributed? Choose from the proposed list the desired positions and write down the numbersin ascending order under which they are listed.

1) able-bodied

2) part-time

3) not included in the labor force

4) desperate to find a job

5) temporarily unemployed

6) busy

10. The figure shows the situation in the private clinics market: the supply line S has moved to a new position S1.

(P - the price of the goods, Q - the volume of supply). This movement may be associated primarily with (co)

1) a significant increase in the income of the population

2) an increase in state requirements for licensing medical practice

3) the abolition of import duties on pharmaceuticals foreign manufacturers

4) decrease in availability and quality medical services in public clinics

11. Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The concept of "social stratification" refers to any changes taking place in society.

2) Social stratification involves the division of society into social strata by combining different social positions with approximately the same social status.

3) Sociologists identify the following criteria for social stratification: income, power.

4) Social stratification involves the allocation of social strata depending on the personal qualities of a person.

5) The prestige of a profession as a criterion of social stratification is associated with social attractiveness, respect in society for certain professions, positions, occupations.

12. In country 2, sociologists studied the degree of popularity of television news programs in society. Below are the results of the answer to the question: "Why do you watch news programs broadcast on television?"

What conclusions can be drawn from the given data? Choose the correct positions and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The vast majority of respondents in country 2 do not watch news programs.

2) About half of the respondents strive to know what is happening in the country and in the world.

3) A quarter of the respondents watch news programs out of habit.

4) A quarter of respondents indicated that the news helps them distract from work problems.

5) The groups of TV viewers for whom the news is important for their work and who watch it out of habit are approximately the same in size.

13. Select the correct judgments about the features of a democratic political regime and write down the numbers

under which they are listed.

1) Under a democratic regime, publicity is the principle of organization and activity of the state apparatus.

2) Under a democratic regime, power is divided into legislative, executive and judicial.

3) Under a democratic regime, the activities of opposition parties are prohibited.

4) Unlike political regimes of other types, under a democratic regime, there is the right of power to levy taxes and fees.

5) Under a democratic regime, unlike political regimes of other types, there is a right of power to the legal use of force.

14. Establish a correspondence between state powers and functions and the subjects of the supreme power of the Russian Federation that implement them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

SUBJECTS OF AUTHORITY

A) approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation

B) calls the elections of the State Duma

B) manages federal property

D) develops the federal budget

D) pardons

1) President of the Russian Federation

2) Government of the Russian Federation

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A

15. State Z holds regular elections for the legislature. Representatives of various political forces participate in them. What additional information indicates that the country has a proportional electoral system? Select the required positions from the proposed list and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) mandates are distributed among the parties in accordance with the number of votes cast

2) opposition parties along with pro-government parties nominate their own candidates

4) inter-party coalitions are created during the pre-election period

6) the smallest number of votes for election is established

16. Which of the following applies to the personal (civil) rights of citizens of the Russian Federation? Write down the numbers under which these rights are indicated.

1) the right to privacy

2) the right to protect honor and good name

3) the right to social security

4) freedom of thought, speech

5) the right to housing

6) the right to rest

17. Establish a correspondence between examples of offenses and types of legal liability.

EXAMPLE OF OFFENSE

TYPE OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY

A) fraud

B) ticketless travel in public transport

C) violation of the rules for the transport of hazardous substances

D) violation of the delivery time of the goods

D) kidnapping for ransom

1) Administrative

2) Criminal

3) Civil

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A

18. Citizen P. has his own business. What fact will allow us to conclude that the organizational form of his company is a joint-stock company?

1) The authorized capital of the company is divided into equal parts, each of which is issued by a security.

2) The company is engaged in the production of products that are in demand.

3) At the meeting of the founders of the company, its charter was adopted.

4) The firm is focused on making a profit.

19. Read the text below, each position of which is indicated by a specific letter.

(A) On the eve of the New Year, all the leading parties of the country hold their forums. (B) In addition to the re-election of leaders, many parties are updating their ideological guidelines. (C) The commonality of the ideological platform is one of the most important features of the party. (D) The timing of the party congresses cannot be considered auspicious. (E) New Year's Eve troubles, a decrease in interest in the activities of parties may prevent the adoption of quality documents.

Determine which positions of the text have

1) actual character

2) the nature of value judgments

3) the nature of theoretical statements

Write in the table under the letter denoting the position, the number expressing its nature.

A

20. Read the text below with a number of words missing. The words in the list are given in the nominative case. singular. Each word (phrase) can only be used once.

“Among ___________(A), the most significant are laws. Laws are divided into two groups - basic and current. The main laws include ___________ (B), which are the foundation for all legislation. In federal states, such as Russia, along with the general constitution, each separate territory also has basic laws. The stability of the constitution shows the uniformity of development of one or another ___________ (B), its strength and clear mechanism, as well as agreement among citizens about the main goals and objectives of development. ___________(D) are adopted by the legislative bodies of the state and establish rules in the most important areas of society. Most often they are combined into ___________ (D), each of which has its own specifics. If constitutions establish ___________(E), then laws explain their specific application in society and they can change much faster along with changes in people's lives.

Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap with words. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

1) codes

2) legal capacity

3) regulations

4) legal understanding

5) constitutions

6) general principles

7) state

8) current laws

9) citizenship

The table below lists the letters that indicate the omission of a word. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

A

21. Name the principles of the rule of law given by the author.

Read the text and complete tasks C1-C4.

With the advent of the principle of inalienable natural human rights in the theory of the rule of law, it acquires its main value quality, becomes the highest priority. To ensure this principle, it is necessary to have a separation of powers, designed to balance them, the rule of law. The priority of human rights does not relieve him of responsibility for the proper use of his rights and freedoms and at the same time places the responsibility for ensuring these rights on the state. A special legal bond is being created: the mutual responsibility of the state and the citizen. (...) The rule of law, in order to fulfill its main function - the protection and protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens - must be equipped with a system of procedures, mechanisms, institutions that guarantee subjective human rights. (...) The principle of the legislator being bound by human rights is of great importance. A constitutional state cannot be created in a society torn apart by social contradictions, political struggles that go beyond the law. A rule of law state can exist and successfully develop in a society where there is an agreement of citizens regarding the principles of its structure, the goals of its development, where freedom and human rights are associated with respect and trust of fellow citizens in state institutions and in each other. Moral factors, solidarity, uniting around generally recognized values ​​- these non-legal factors have an invaluable influence on attitudes towards human rights, law, and legality. No matter how wonderful the principles of a rule of law state, they would never have been implemented in an atmosphere of instability, unbelief, and the moral degradation of society. The goal of the rule of law is to protect human rights, to ensure the dignity of the individual, as an integral component of the culture of society, which embodied centuries-old ideas about a self-determined person, free from poverty, violence, oppression, and humiliation. In ensuring dignity, a huge role belongs to the nature of the relationship between a person and power, in which a person acts not as an object of commands, but as an equal partner of the state, participating in decision-making, exercising control over the activities of power structures in the forms provided for by law, freed from the rigid guardianship of the state.

E. V. Lukasheva

22. The author lists the conditions that are necessary for the existence of a legal state. List three conditions.

23. The author argues that "the rule of law is impossible to create in a society torn apart by social contradictions, political struggle that goes beyond the law." Based on the text and your own knowledge, give three arguments that prove the correctness of the author's statement.

24. The author argues that the priority principle of the rule of law is the natural human rights, which require separation of powers. Based on your knowledge of the social science course and your life experience, give three arguments proving the correctness of the author's statement.

25. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social control"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social control.

26. Use three examples to show the role of education in a person's life.

27. In N.'s family, there is no clear division of domestic duties into men's and women's. If the husband comes home before his wife, he cooks dinner, feeds the children, puts them to bed. Every evening, all family members get together, talk about the events of the day, discuss the problems that have arisen. What type can be attributed to the N. family? Indicate the two signs by which you determined this, and name any sign of this type of family that is not indicated in the condition of the assignment.

28. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Man as a spiritual being."

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

29. By completing task C9, you can show your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive to you. To this end, select onlyone from the statements below (C9.1-C9.3). Choose one of the statements below, reveal its meaning, indicating the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon); formulate your attitude to the position taken by the author; justify this relationship.

When presenting your thoughts on various aspects of the problem raised (marked topic), when arguing your point of view, useknowledge obtained during the study of the course of social science, correspondingconcepts , as well asfacts social life and own lifeexperience .

C9.1 Philosophy: "Confidence in the existence of an external world, independent of the knowing subject, underlies the whole doctrine of nature." (A. Einstein)

C9.2 Economy: “Businesses can reach a dead end if they focus not on customers, but on competitors.” (D. Bezos)

C9.3 Sociology, social psychology: "Some unwritten laws are stronger than all written ones." (Seneca)

C9.4 Political science: “All people are equal in democratic states; they are equal even in despotic states: in the first case - because they are everything, in the second - because they are all nothing. (C. Montesquieu)

C9.5 Jurisprudence: "Justice is the basis of the state." (Latin legal saying)

Civil society and the rule of law.

1. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the concept of "civil society". Write in the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) administration of justice

2) public organization

3) private interest

4) social activity

5) social interaction

6) legislative power

2. Below is a list of features. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the features of a state of any type.

1) sovereignty; 2) presence of a certain territory; 3) priority of human rights and freedoms; 4) the right to set and collect taxes; 5) public nature of power; 6) establishment and implementation of the principle of separation of powers.

3. Find the functions of the state in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) political

2) law enforcement

3) social

4) democratic

5) ethnic

4. Find organizations representing civil society in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) association of university teachers

2) regional department of education

3) association of law enforcement veterans

4) territorial department of internal affairs

5) consumer protection union

5. Find political institutions in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) socio-political movement

2) political parties

3) political culture

4) political norms

5) state

6. Choose from the proposed manifestation of the activities of civil society institutions. Write your answer in numbers without spaces.

1) The interregional trade union of truck drivers took the initiative to change the location of warehouses and parking lots near the metropolitan metropolis.

2) The Ministry of Press and Information has announced a competition for the production of a series of feature films on the formation of civic identity.

3) The human rights organization "Freedom of Speech" came out in support of journalists and proposed the adoption of laws aimed at guaranteeing the safety of their activities.

4) The Association of Creative Teachers launched a project on its information portal to advise young teachers on methodological issues.

5) Investigative Committee Russian Federation accepted for consideration the case of an attack on a well-known journalist.

6) The President of the country initiated the creation of a new innovative scientific center in Skolkovo near Moscow.

7. Find in the list below the elements of the si-ste-we of the checks and pro-ti-vo-ve-owls between the branches of power in the right state. For-pi-shi-those numbers, under someone they are indicated.

1) the possibility of a Pre-zi-den-tom RF veto on a bill

2) confederation of societies for consumer rights

3) free media of mass information

4) Institute of Upol-no-mo-chen-no-go on human rights

5) the right to dismiss the Go-su-dar-stven-noy Duma of the Pre-zi-den-tom of the Russian Federation

6) accountability of the Government of the Russian Federation to the parliament

8. In country Z, there is a for-mi-ro-va-nie civil society. Which of the given examples confirms this conclusion?

1) There was a re-for-ma si-ste-we of the or-ga-nov of the central administration.

2) Increase-li-chi-elk-whether-che-stvo not-for-vi-si-my mass media.

3) At many schools, they co-create in-pe-chi-tel-sky advice.

4) Introducing-re-on the electronic sys-ste-ma of the eye-for-state-su-dar-stven-ny services.

5) You grew the number of citizens who took part in de-I-tel-no-sti in-li-ti-che parties.

6) Pro-from-ve-de-us for-buy-ki with-time-men-no-go ob-ru-do-va-nia for children's hospitals.

9. Choose the correct judgments about the functions of the li-ti-che-party in the de-mo-kra-ti-che-society and for-pi -shi-those numbers, they are indicated under someone-ry-mi.

1) Li-ti-che parties participate in the organization, under-go-to-ke and pro-ve-de-nii of par-la-ment elections.

2) Li-ti-che parties participate in legal proceedings.

3) Po-li-ti-che-sky parties mo-bi-li-zu-yut citizens to carry out po-li-ti-che-sky actions.

4) Po-li-ti-che parties participate in the for-mi-ro-va-nii of right-of-protection-ni-tel-ny bodies.

5) Po-li-ti-che-sky parties pro-vo-dyat or-ga-ni-for-qi-on-nye measures among the parties-ty-no-th asset .

10. Choose the right judgments about the features of the de-mo-kra-ti-che-go in-li-ti-che-go mode and for -pi-shi-those numbers, they are indicated under someone-ry-mi.

1) With de-mo-kra-ti-che-sky re-zhi-me, the publicity is yav-la-et-sya principle-qi-pom or-ga-ni-za-tion and de-i-tel- no-sti go-su-dar-stven-no-th apparatus.

2) Under the de-mo-kra-ti-che-sky re-zhi-me, the power is once-de-le-na into legislative, executive and judicial.

3) With de-mo-kra-ti-che-sky re-zhi-me, de-ya-tel-ness of op-po-zi-qi-on-ny parties is prohibited.

4) In ot-li-chie from in-li-ti-che-sky regimes of other types, with de-mo-kra-ti-che-region -there is the right of power to collect taxes and fees.

5) Under the de-mo-kra-ti-che-skom regime, in de-li-chie from the-li-ti-che-regimes of other types, there is a right power to the legal application of force.

11. Choose the right judgments about the right state and write down the numbers in ascending order , under someone they are indicated.

1) The legal state-su-dar-stvo from-li-cha-et from not-right-in-the-go ver-ho-ven-stvo for-to-on and rights.

2) In the right-of-go-su-dar-stvo, the mouth-nav-whether-va-et-sya from-the-existence-vav-neck earlier from-de-le-niye public-private power sti from society.

3) The power in the right state, as well as in the non-legal state, has a mo-no-po-lea on the legal use of force.

4) The legal state-su-dar-stvo provides-pe-chi-va-et right-of-no-she-tion in society, right-of-equality.

5) The branches of power in the right-in-go-su-dar-stve are not-for-vi-si-we from each other.

12. Choose the right judgments about the signs inherent in any state, and write down the numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) To the signs of the state-su-dar-stva from-no-sit-sya its ter-ri-to-ri-al-naya integrity.

2) The highest body for-to-but-yes-tel-noy power in the state is parliament.

3) The state has a mo-but-pol-ny right to collect taxes.

4) The most important sign of the state-su-dar-stva is its sovereignty.

5) The state has pri-su-sche times-de-le-tion of power on sa-mo-hundred-I-tel-ny branches.

13. Choose the correct judgments about the state of the state and write down the numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) The state in the broadest sense is a community of people, or-ga-ni-zu-e-may or-ga-na-mi of power and living in a certain area.

2) The state in the narrow sense is a system of institutions, having the supreme power in a certain territory.

3) In any state, there is state control over the sphere of politics, the spiritual life of society.

4) In any state of citizenship, we are granted the right to many public associations.

5) In any state, su-dar-stve ga-ran-ti-ro-va-no, equality of all before the law.

14. Choose the correct judgments about the functions of civil society and write down the numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) Stim-mu-li-ro-va-nie societal-stven-but-lez-noy de-I-tel-no-sti of citizens.

2) Protecting the borders and providing the social order.

3) Participation in the for-mi-ro-va-nii or-ga-nov de-mo-kra-ti-che-go-right-in-go-so-qi-al-no-go state .

4) Or-ga-ni-for-tion of the society-no-go con-tro-la for co-blue-de-ni-em of the rules of good-ro-with-west competition.

5) Resolution of eco-no-mi-che-ditch disputes between economic entities.

15. Civil society institutions perform a number of important functions in the life of modern society. List any three of them.

16. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "civil society"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about any prerequisite for the formation of civil society, and one sentence revealing any of the functions of civil society.

17. In modern society the role and importance of civil institutions is being strengthened. Give three examples illustrating the partnership of civil non-political organizations with the state.

18. Name any three institutions of civil society in modern Russia and give examples of their activities.

19. In the lecture, on-or-to-lo-ha, there was you-said-for-the idea that in-li-ti-che-party you-sta-pa-the-ca-zu -th link between civil society and the state. Pri-ve-di-te three ar-gu-men-ta in support of a given opinion.

20. You have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Civil society and the rule of law."

Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Political regime (from Latin regimen - government) - political management, a set of those
or other methods, techniques and forms
implementation of political relations in
society (state or country), or
way of functioning of its political
systems.

Signs of a political regime

power mechanisms,
way of functioning
government agencies,
procedures for selecting ruling groups and
political leaders;
distribution of power between
various social forces and
expressing their interests
political organizations

Types of political regimes

Democracy
Totalitarianism
Authoritarianism

Democracy δῆμος "people" + κράτος "power"

- a political regime in which
recognized as the only source of power
people, power is exercised by will and in
the interests of the people. Democratic regimes
formed in the rule of law.
Examples: UK, Japan,
France

Totalitarianism (from lat. totalis - whole, whole, complete)

is a mode of complete control from the side
states over all spheres of life
society and every person through
direct armed signing.
Examples: Nazi Germany, USSR

Authoritarianism (from lat. auctoritas - power, influence)

- characteristics of special types of regimes,
based on unlimited power
one person or group of people while saving
some economic, civil and
spiritual freedoms for citizens.
Examples: Third World Countries

Anarchy

- represents the idea of ​​lack of power
in relation to a society, a group of persons or
an individual person.

1. Choose the correct judgments about the features of a democratic political regime and write down the numbers,
under which they are listed.
1) Under a democratic regime, publicity is the principle of organization and activity of the state apparatus.
2) Under a democratic regime, power is divided into
legislative, executive and judicial.
3) Under a democratic regime, the activities of opposition parties are prohibited.
4) Unlike political regimes of other types, when
In a democratic regime, there is the right of the authorities to levy taxes and fees.
5) Under a democratic regime, in contrast to political
regimes of other types, there is a right of power to the legal use of force.

10.

2. Select the correct judgments about the authoritarian political regime.
1) An authoritarian regime is always established as a result of the forcible capture of a political
authorities.
2) Under an authoritarian regime, the political rights and freedoms of citizens are not respected or significantly limited.
3) An authoritarian regime can exist in states with both monarchical and republican forms of government.
4) Under an authoritarian regime, the opposition is subjected to
restrictions and persecution by the current government.
5) Authoritarian regimes first appear in the 20th
century.

11.

3. Choose the right judgments about political regimes and
write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The signs of a political regime include procedures
selection of ruling elites and political leaders.
2) The signs of a political regime include order
distribution of power among different social
forces and expressing their interests political
organizations.
3) The type of political regime is determined by the state of rights
and human freedoms.
4) A totalitarian regime differs from a democratic one
availability of a professional management apparatus
(bureaucracy).
5) A political regime of any type is characterized by
implementation of the principle of separation of powers.

12.

4. Find distinctive features in the list below.
traits of a totalitarian political regime. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) mutual responsibility of the state and
societies
2) state monopoly on the mass media
information
3) obligatory ideology
4) centralized control system
economy
5) power is subject to the control of society

13.

5. Establish a correspondence between the political regime and its
signs: for each position given in the first column, select
corresponding position from the second column.
SIGNS
A) power is exercised by a group of people
B) the equality of all before the law is guaranteed
C) citizens are given the right to diversity
public associations
D) power and order are valued more than rights and freedoms
human
D) a special role in the state belongs to such
institutions like the army and the church
E) state control over the sphere is carried out
politics, the spiritual life of society
TYPES OF POLITICAL REGIMES
1) democratic
2) authoritarian

14. D/Z

"Totalitarian or
democratic regime, which
they are better, in your opinion, and
why?"
(Essay)

USE FOR SECTION: "POLICY"

1. Write down the word missing in the table.

Subsystems of the political system	Compound
institutional	State, political parties, socio-political movements
	Political principles, legal and moral norms, political traditions

Answer:________.

2. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts of the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.

1) general elections; 2) parliamentary democracy; 3) the government responsible to the Parliament; 4) deputies from the opposition; 5) equality before the law.

4. Select the correct judgments about political regimes and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

2. A democratic political regime implies guarantees of human rights and freedoms.

3. Constitutions exist only in democratic countries.

4. The establishment of parliamentarism began in modern times.

5. characteristic feature totalitarianism is the merging of the state and the ruling party.

Answer:________.

5. Select the correct judgments about the forms of government and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The nature of the distribution of powers between the center and the regions determines the form of government.

2. All modern democratic states have a republican form of government.

3. Monarchical government involves the transfer of power by inheritance.

4. Under a republican form of government, in contrast to a monarchical government, the government is elected by the population.

5. In the conditions of the republic, the stay in the highest elective posts is limited to a certain period.

Answer:________.

6. In state Z, the president is elected by members of both houses of parliament. What additional information indicates that state Z is a parliamentary republic? Select the desired positions from the list and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Parliament is a permanent body.

2. Parliament can dismiss the government.

3. The government is responsible to the president.

4. The leader of the party that won the parliamentary elections becomes the head of government.

5. Parliament is elected on the basis of universal and equal suffrage.

6. The main function of the government is the development and adoption of laws

Answer:________.

7. Select the correct judgments about the features of a democratic political regime and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Under a democratic regime, publicity is the principle of organization and activity of the state apparatus.

2. Under a democratic regime, power is divided into legislative, executive and judicial.

3. Under a democratic regime, the activities of opposition parties are prohibited.

4. Unlike political regimes of other types, under a democratic regime there is the right of the authorities to levy taxes and fees.

5. Under a democratic regime, unlike political regimes of other types, there is the right of the authorities to the legal use of force.

Answer:________.

8. Art. 3 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic states that the task of the state is to remove obstacles that actually limit the freedom and equality of citizens, hinder the full development of the human personality. What conclusions can be drawn from this constitutional provision? Write down the numbers under which these conclusions are indicated.

1. The Republic proclaimed the values ​​of a democratic social state.

2. The Republic is distinguished by stable social relations.

3. The Republic is a welfare state with high living standards.

4. The Republic is a modern state with developed legislation.

5. The Republic proclaimed the sovereignty of the people.

6. The Republic recognizes a person, his rights and freedoms as the highest value.

Answer:________.

9. Country Z has a stable political system, which ensures the stable development of society. What are the components of a political system?

1. communicative

2. cultural and ideological

3. educational

4. regulatory

5. party organizational

6. institutional

Answer:________.

10. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the branches of the highest state power include power

1. judicial

2. municipal

3. executive

4. party

5. legislative

6. folk

Answer:________.

11. Select the correct judgments about the forms of government and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Only countries that are multinational in their composition have a federal state structure.

2. In a unitary state, there is no territorial division of the country.

3. In a federal state, the subject of the federation has a part of sovereignty.

4. Unitary states have, as a rule, a unicameral parliament.

5. In unitary states more often than in federal states, authoritarian regimes are established.

Answer:________.

12. State Z holds regular elections for the legislature. Representatives of various political forces participate in them. What additional information indicates that the country has a proportional electoral system?

Select the required positions from the proposed list and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. mandates are distributed among the parties in accordance with the number of votes cast

2. opposition parties along with pro-government parties nominate their own candidates

4. inter-party coalitions are formed during the pre-election period

Answer:________.

13. State Z has adopted a new constitution, and elections are held at regular intervals. What additional information will allow us to conclude that there is a totalitarian regime in state Z? Choose the correct answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The main supreme authorities are formed on the basis of elections.

2. The branches of power are constitutionally separated.

3. Separate articles of the constitution are devoted to the rights and freedoms of citizens.

4. There is a single mandatory political ideology.

5. Full control of the state over all aspects of the life of society and the individual has been established.

Answer:________.

14. Select the correct judgments about the place and role of a political party in modern society and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. A political party is an element of the communicative component of the political system.

2. The political party that has received the majority in parliament forms the highest legislative and executive power.

3. The most important function of the party in a democracy is to manage

national economy.

4. In a modern democratic society, the participation of the party in the election campaign is of particular importance.

5. One of the functions of a political party is the identification and coordination of interest groups of citizens of the country.

Answer:________.

15. In state Z, the opposition has created its own party and has its own press. What additional information indicates that state Z is democratic? Find the hallmarks of democracy in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. a multi-party system has developed

2. there are educational and property electoral qualifications

3. parliament is elected in free and alternative elections

4. the country has a unitary form of government

5. the constitution guarantees the rights and freedoms of citizens

6. The president is endowed with broad powers

Answer:________.

16. Select the correct judgments about political power and write down the numbers under

by which they are indicated.

1. Political power is expressed in the management of the affairs of the state and society through the system of state bodies.

2. Political power includes a system of non-state methods of influencing society and citizens.

3. Political power is engaged in educational and scientific activities.

4. The institutions of political power include production organizations.

5. The institutions of political power include consumer and

trade unions.

Answer:________.

17. State Z is led by a charismatic leader. What are the characteristics of this type of political leadership? Write down the numbers under which these features are indicated.

1. leadership is based on tradition

2. leadership is carried out on the basis of laws adopted by a modern democratic society

3. leader is distinguished by rhetorical and communication skills, artistry

4. citizens endow the leader with exceptional, outstanding leadership qualities

5. The leader energizes others

6. leadership is based on the habit of citizens to obey

Answer:________.

18. Choose the right judgments about the rule of law and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The rule of law distinguishes from non-legal the rule of law and law.

2. In a state of law, the previously absent separation of public authority from society is established.

3. Power in a legal state, as well as in a non-legal state, has a monopoly on the legal use of force.

4. The rule of law provides legal relations in society, legal equality.

5. The branches of power in the rule of law are independent of each other.

Answer:________.

19. State Z was headed by the heir of the ruling dynasty, popular among the people. Which of the following information indicates that the political leadership in state Z can be characterized as traditional? Choose the correct positions and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

2. Political leadership is characterized by the belief of citizens in the extraordinary, outstanding qualities of the leader.

3. The leader exercises political power on the basis of laws and within the framework of laws.

4. Members of the society experience in relation to the leader both a feeling of love and a feeling of fear.

5. Leadership relies on the habit of submission.

6. The competence of the leader is clearly defined by the constitution and regulatory acts.

Answer:________.

20. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of gaps.

“The form of the state, no matter how it is expressed, always has a direct connection with the state _____ (A). Forms of government differ depending on whether the power is exercised by one person or whether it belongs to the collective _____ (B). In the first case we have a monarchy, in the second ____ (B). A parliamentary monarchy is distinguished by the fact that the _____ (D) of the monarch is formally and actually limited in all areas of the exercise of state power. Legislative power belongs to _____ (D), executive - _____ (E). Parliamentary monarchies in science

often referred to in literature as constitutional monarchies.

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once. Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:

1. federation

2. government

3. President

4. Parliament

6. elected body

7. politics

9. republic

Read the text and complete tasks 21-24.

The form of the state is a complex concept that includes three elements: the form of government, the state structure and the political regime. The form of the state is not a simple combination of its constituent elements, but the unity of an integral system, due to its internal connections and relationships. The form of each particular state as a unity of the indicated elements (forms of government, forms of government

and the political regime) is formed historically under the influence of a number of factors. Undoubtedly, it is influenced by the level of economic development achieved by society at a certain stage of its development, and the relationship between the main political forces in society. Therefore, in different historical epochs, those forms of the state prevailed, which to a greater extent corresponded to the stage

economic growth and the balance of political forces in the country. This explains the fact that in the Middle Ages, for example, the most common form of government was a monarchy (various types). And after the bourgeois revolutions in some countries, the monarchical form of government either underwent significant changes or was replaced by a republican one (also of various types).

This diversity is explained by the fact that, in addition to the above factors, other conditions can also influence the form of the state, in particular, the geographical position of the country, the historical traditions inherent in the peoples inhabiting it, etc.

The state is a form of exercise of sovereign power. Depending on who is the bearer of sovereign power, one can speak of various

forms of government. The form of government is understood as the organization of the supreme state power, the procedure for the formation of its bodies, their competence and relationship with the population, the degree of participation of the population in the formation of these bodies.

According to the forms of government, states are divided into monarchies and republics. The monarchical form of government takes shape even in a slave-owning society and is still preserved in some countries.

Of course, the monarchy as a form of government did not remain unchanged. It underwent very significant changes depending on the conditions for the development of socio-political institutions and the alignment of the socio-political forces of society.

The head of such a state is the monarch, his activity is not limited to a certain period, i.e. he performs his duties for life. the source of power is the sovereign people. In the republics, the highest bodies of state power are collegiate and mostly elected (the head of state is the president, parliament), which are elected for a fixed term. Officials of elected bodies of state power bear political responsibility to their constituents. It can be expressed in such forms as the early recall of a deputy, the dissolution of parliament, the resignation of the government, and the dismissal of the president.

(M.I. Abdulaev)

21 Specify four factors influencing the folding of the form of the state.

23. Article 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes that Russia is a democratic federal law-based state with a republican form of government. Correlate these characteristics of the Russian state system with the three elements of the form of the state as a system indicated in the text (first give the element, then give its description).

24. Supporters of monarchies argue that such states are more stable and better ensure the continuity of power. Based on social science knowledge, using the text, give three arguments in favor of the republican system.

25. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "form of state-territorial structure"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the varieties of forms of state-territorial structure, and another sentence characterizing one of these varieties.

26. Name any three social functions of the state and illustrate each of them with an example.

27. Country Z has a single national constituency. The government is formed by the bloc of parties that win the elections. Deputy seats (mandates) in the legislative assembly are distributed among political parties depending on the votes they have received, provided that these parties have overcome the 10% electoral barrier.

What type of electoral system is country Z? State one advantage and one disadvantage of this electoral system.

28. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Political Consciousness". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

ANSWERS

1. normative
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21. 1. level of economic development; 2. correlation between political forces; 3. geographical location of the country; 4. historical traditions.
22. 1. two signs of a monarchy indicated by the author are given: The monarch is at the head of the state His reign is not limited by any 2. Another sign is named, for example: power is inherited.
23. The answer must indicate three elements of the form, each of which must be correlated with the characteristics of the Russian political system: 1) form of government: republic; 2) form of territorial-state structure: federation; 3) political regime: democracy.
24. 1) the republican form with a system of permanent elections of government bodies ensures the participation of the population in political processes; 2) in the republics, a closer connection between the authorities and the people is established due to the responsibility of leaders to their voters; 3) the change of power under the republican system creates conditions for the renewal of the elites.
25. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "The form of government reflects the system of relations between central and regional authorities"; 2) one sentence with information about the types of forms of territorial and state structure, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: "One of the forms of government is a federation." 3) one sentence characterizing any of the varieties of forms of government, for example; “In a unitary state, territorial entities do not have political independence”;
26. 1) establishment and maintenance of minimum social standards of life: wages, pensions, living wage, etc. (State Z passing a pension law, State Z passing a minimum wage law); 2) support those who are in force objective reasons cannot fully work: sick, disabled, children, elderly people, students, etc. (Law "On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation"; Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "On Approving the Procedure for Issuing Disability Certificates"); 3) the allocation of the necessary funds for the social needs of the entire population of the country (the adoption of programs aimed at the development of education, health, transport); 4) development of pension provision, insurance, healthcare, etc. (law on indexation of pensions).
27. 1) a type- proportional electoral system; 2) advantage of this type of electoral system, For example: Assumes the active work of political parties, including opposition ones; The stability of political elites, Stability of the ongoing political course; 3) disadvantage of this type of electoral system, For example: There is no personal responsibility of parliamentarians to voters, there is no mechanism for recalling deputies by the population; The emergence of new political leaders, the renewal of elites is difficult; In parliament, as a rule, small parties that are not able to overcome the electoral threshold are not represented.
28. 1. Political consciousness as a form of social consciousness 2. Components of political consciousness 2) beliefs and attitudes 4) stereotypes 3. Functions of political consciousness: 1) ideological 2) regulatory 3) cognitive 4) estimated 5) mobilization 6) communicative 7) educational 4. Levels of political consciousness: 1) state and ordinary 2) theoretical and empirical 5. Forms of political consciousness: 1) specialized 2) mass 6. Political consciousness and ideology 7. The role of the media in the formation of political consciousness