The diphtheria vaccine is a side effect. Diphtheria vaccine

Vaccination against diphtheria is a prevention of the development of the acute phase of the disease, reduces the risk of complications and consequences of the infection.

Epidemiological control of the spread of diphtheria bacillus among adults and child population carried out by the method of routine vaccination, the terms of which are established by the World Health Organization.

The effectiveness of the diphtheria vaccine depends on two main factors:

First, how good quality in serum diphtheria vaccines.
Second, what is the coverage of the population that received the diphtheria vaccine.

According to official data, only if 95% of the population is vaccinated, the required effectiveness of vaccination against diphtheria infection will be achieved. Is it necessary to do? The vaccine reduces the risk of infection with a bacterial bacillus and the development of diphtheria, which leads to the defeat of all ENT organs. Dense films can be found on the mucous membranes of the oropharynx. This film is a developing pathogen that, over time, will affect organs and tissues, and, as a result, severe intoxication will develop.

Quite often there is the formation of fibrinous films in the oropharynx. This phenomenon is dangerous because the film formed in the larynx, bronchi and trachea easily peels off: thick walls sink down, blocking Airways leading to the death of the patient. Vaccination against diphtheria in children is necessary to prevent the development of complications that develop when an exotoxin enters the systemic circulation. This substance causes swelling in the vascular walls, massively affects internal organs.

Vaccination against diphtheria is associated with the components of whooping cough and tetanus, the administration of the drug after an acute viral infection or allergies can lead to adverse immune responses. Before carrying out routine vaccination, a three-day course of antihistamine therapy should be carried out before and after the introduction of serum into the child's body. The vaccination schedule is established by the national calendar of preventive vaccinations.

As soon as the baby is three months old, it's time to immunize: in order to reduce the number of injections, the vaccines are combined. The child will receive one vaccination, which acts simultaneously against diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus. After the first vaccination, it is necessary to repeat the same injection in a month.

After the end of vaccination, a year later, reaction prophylaxis is started. The first revaccination is carried out one year after the last vaccination, the second after seven years, and the third after ten. Adults receive a vaccine every ten years. Diphtheria vaccination is the most effective way to prevent this disease currently.

Contraindications for vaccination against diphtheria for children and adults:

prematurity;
intrauterine fetal pathology, congenital malformations;
acute infections;
noncommunicable diseases in the acute phase:
anaphylactic shock, bronchial asthma;
primary and secondary immunodeficiencies;
severe systemic pathology (protoporphyria, collagenoses);
exacerbation of chronic processes;
blood pathology;
serious illnesses CNS (epilepsy, encephalitis, meningitis);
kidney or liver failure;
immediate type reaction in response to the introduction of the vaccine.

The introduction of vaccines in the presence of contraindications, hidden diseases with an inadequate examination of the patient, against the background of alcohol intake, increases the risk of side effects by several tens of times. Failure of the immune defense system leads to an increase in pathological inflammatory reactions with the development of auto-aggression to one's own organs and tissues.

Refusal of vaccination is made by parents every 6 months, is in the outpatient card of the child. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the lack of preventive vaccinations is not a reason for refusing to enroll a child in preschool and school institutions.

With routine immunization with live inactivated sera, an unvaccinated baby is quarantined for up to 21 days due to the risk of infection. Refusal of preventive vaccinations is the choice of each parent, requires careful familiarization with documents, certificates and legal regulations.

Is the body fully protected after vaccination? Vaccination and revaccination does not exclude the possibility of developing the disease. Regardless of the age of a person, the disease can occur with massive infection, being in a closed team or quarantine.

In order to immediately diagnose the first signs of diphtheria, a person should be regularly observed by specialists. It is also necessary to follow the procedures of general strengthening therapy, which will allow the immune system to fight the disease in the initial stages, if a person still becomes infected with diphtheria.

Can I bathe after a diphtheria vaccination? After the injection, a small lump remains on the skin of the arm or under the shoulder blade, which is undesirable to wet on the first day after the vaccine is administered.

Diphtheria and tetanus vaccination: types of vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria, polio

Vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus helps to prevent the acute phase of the disease if a person is ill with diphtheria. Compared to those who did not vaccinate, vaccinated people tolerate this infection much more painlessly: diphtheria does not affect the internal organs, fibrinous films do not form. Anatoxin blocks the toxic effect of the exotoxin of the pathogen after it enters the body of a child or adult.

Immunization with diphtheria toxoid is carried out according to the schedule of routine vaccinations, taking into account the interval:

45 days for a child up to a year;
7 years old in a child over a year old up to 14 years old;
10 years old from 14 to 56 years old.

The frequency of vaccination is required to create intense immunity, prevent pathological reactions and complications of immunization. If the child has contraindications against vaccination, then you should be under the supervision of a doctor for the entire period of treatment.

Types of diphtheria vaccine:

DPT.
Pentax.
Infanrix.
Infanrix-Gexa.

The combined classic DTP vaccine is a whole-cell associated pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus serum, the clinical safety of which allows it to be administered only to completely healthy children. Due to the high rate of complications and side effects after DPT, the diphtheria and tetanus vaccine is not used in European countries.

ADS without a pertussis component is administered to children with severe lesions of the central nervous system, in the presence of contraindications and individual intolerance. If a child has been ill with whooping cough, after a full recovery, he is vaccinated according to the plan with a diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

Pentaxim is an adsorbed acellular tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine containing inactivated polio serum and a pathogenic antigen for the prevention of Haemophilus influenzae. Pentaxim is easier to tolerate than DTP due to inactivated components.

Infanrix is the most sparing method of vaccination against diphtheria, it contains acellular components of the pertussis antigen cell wall. Reviews of parents after immunization with this vaccine indicate good tolerance, the absence of general and local reactions to the administration of serum.

Infanrix-Geksa contains tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis components, Haemophilus influenzae antigens, inactivated polio serum and hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine is well tolerated by young children, does not cause side effects and complications.

Where is the immunization carried out? Scheduled immunization is carried out by a pediatrician at the place of observation and management of the child in the office of preventive vaccinations. If an emergency injection of toxoid is necessary, the parents and the baby are sent to the infectious diseases hospital.

Diphtheria Vaccination: When Given to an Adult, Adult Vaccination Schedule, Side Effects

For the prevention of the disease, vaccination against diphtheria is indicated, when routine immunization is given to adults, exacerbations of chronic pathology, acute viral diseases and intolerance to the components should be excluded. Unlike child's body, adult patients react more severely to pertussis and tetanus components.

Revaccination in adults is often carried out with ADS vaccine without a pertussis component, this is associated with a high risk of damage to the respiratory center of the central nervous system by pertussis exotoxin. Local changes in the injection area in adults are mild, however, fever, general weakness and general intoxication syndrome are characteristic.

When should an adult be vaccinated against diphtheria? Revaccination should be performed by every adult. Vaccinated people tolerate diphtheria infection much easier than unvaccinated people. Immunoprophylactic vaccinations are shown when traveling to other countries, territories with focal outbreaks of infection.

The adult diphtheria vaccination schedule aims to give the DPT vaccine regularly, namely every ten years. Vaccination is carried out only by a specialist of a medical institution and strictly under his supervision.

The individual characteristics of the human body are also taken into account so that the diphtheria vaccination does not do more harm than good. Side effects in adults on the diphtheria vaccine are manifested by local symptoms in the area of \u200b\u200bthe intramuscular injection in the form of redness, swelling and soreness.

Local changes can turn into more severe forms:

hyperemia;
edema;
infiltration;
abscess;
lymphadenitis;
lymphangitis;
keloid scar.

Perhaps an increase in the syndrome of intoxication, general weakness, fatigue, malaise. General side effects:

osteomyelitis;
arthritis;
convulsions;
organic damage to the central nervous system (pertussis and tetanus components);
serum sickness;
anaphylactic shock.

Important

Vaccination against diphtheria during pregnancy is not given, as there is a high probability of intrauterine infection of the fetus.

Diphtheria vaccination: consequences, reaction, side effects and complications

For immunoprophylaxis and prevention of spread infectious disease among the population, regardless of the age of the patient, vaccination against diphtheria is performed, the consequences develop in the presence of contraindications to vaccination and individual intolerance to serum components. Negative reactions immune system develop in response to the entry of a pathogenic agent into the human body.

After vaccination, adults and adolescents are required to undergo a three-day course of antihistamine therapy to reduce the activity of immune defense cells. Effective way prevention of side effects after the introduction of the vaccine is a premature course of drugs that block histamine receptors within five days before immunization.

The reaction to the vaccine is manifested by severe pulling or shooting pain, reddening of the skin in the form of a bright red spot and severe swelling. Increasing intensity pain syndrome accompanied by an increase in body temperature, intoxication syndrome and a decrease in overall performance. In undiagnosed immunodeficiency states, the risk of developing an organic lesion of the central nervous system, osteomyelitis, or joint damage increases.

Before immunization, the doctor is obliged to conduct a set of examinations, which includes a general examination, pharyngoscopy, sowing films, blood and urine tests, as well as determining antibody titers.

Side effects develop after the introduction of complex vaccines, this is due to the impossibility of an adequate immune response when a large number of pathogenic antigens enter the body. Immunization requires a thorough examination of the patient, the complete exclusion of any pathologies and acute infections to prevent the development of complications.

Complications and consequences of vaccination against diphtheria are manifested by the sudden onset of a convulsive syndrome against the background of severe hyperthermia and intoxication. Seizures may be clonic at the site of vaccine administration or clonic tonic with involvement of the entire striated musculature.

The condition is dangerous by damage to the respiratory muscles, followed by respiratory arrest. Post-vaccination meningitis and encephalitis develop spontaneously, are accompanied by a variety of clinical symptoms, require early initiation of treatment in a hospital setting.

How to care for the injection site? To prevent negative reactions after vaccination against diphtheria, it is recommended not to wet the injection site on the first day. Rubbing and scratching can lead to bacterial infection, increased swelling and redness of the post-vaccination area. Reception antihistamines eliminate unpleasant symptoms and reduce the risk of side effects.

IN modern world for children, vaccination against diphtheria is a must. This disease affects several human organs and poses a great threat to health. Therefore, doctors recommend that every child be vaccinated against diphtheria in order not to suffer from the disease in the future.

Why is diphtheria dangerous?

A disease such as diphtheria is infectious. In the process of its development, the upper respiratory tract, nose, pharynx, eyes and even genitals become inflamed. The main threat is not in the inflammation itself, but in poisoning with a toxin produced by the pathogen (diphtheria bacillus). It is this harmful element that creates problems for the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

The disease is accompanied by general weakness, localization of palpable pain in the throat, as well as high body temperature. You can get infected with it at absolutely any age, and this is done quite easily, since it is transmitted by airborne droplets.

Treatment and prevention of diphtheria in children

Small children and adolescents with diphtheria must be hospitalized. In the next two weeks, they will have to observe strict bed rest.

Antitoxic serum is considered the main remedy for the treatment of the disease. It can be administered both intramuscularly and intravenously. Along with this, the doctor prescribes antibiotics, among which penicillin is the most effective.

Treatment can also be symptomatic. For this, certain drugs are taken that correspond to various symptoms (for example, with high temperature antipyretics are taken). It is also necessary to carefully monitor the doctor for the appearance and progression of complications.

The most effective method of preventing the disease is vaccination against diphtheria. Side effects in children after it, of course, occur, but quite rarely, since it all depends on age. To date, there are several vaccines, which will be discussed in detail below.

Do I need a vaccination

To understand why a diphtheria vaccine is needed for children, it is necessary to understand the exact medical indicators. Every year in hospitals of any country, counts of patients who fell ill and died from this disease are kept. Although there is another component, which is not so easy to calculate - saving parents time and money, which they do not spend just like that, because children practically do not get sick with this disease.

Over the past few decades, vaccination has indicated that:

in states where almost 100% of the population is vaccinated, only visitors or patients who could not be vaccinated in a timely manner suffered from the disease;
already transferred diphtheria does not give a full guarantee that a person will not become infected with it again;
death is 4%;
at the time of the appearance of vaccinations, about 20% of diseases in children were precisely diphtheria, while the number of deaths reached 50% of patients.

Varieties of vaccines

In order to prevent the disease in Russia, combined vaccines are used. In their composition, they all contain diphtheria toxoid. It is a drug that produces antibodies to the main pathogen. There are currently three types of vaccines:

DTP vaccination. The consequences in children after it are not so serious. It has a triple counteraction - not only against diphtheria, but also against whooping cough, as well as tetanus.
ADS. In the circle of specialists, it is called the diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. It is the most common, as it is actively used for the prevention of both diphtheria and tetanus. In addition, the terms of vaccination of these two vaccinations coincide.
ADS-M. It is an ADS vaccine, but in smaller doses.
AD-M. It has existed for a long time, but is rarely used. Modern specialists do not always agree to work with it, since it is a monovaccine, and as a good prevention, it is necessary to use a comprehensive option.

Other drugs

In addition to the well-known vaccines described above, other injections are actively used in some hospitals. They have also existed for quite a long time, but they have not lost their popularity over all this time. These include:

Pentaxim is a drug that helps the body develop protection against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hemophilic infection, and poliomyelitis.
"Infanrix Hexa" - a six-component vaccine, is used as a prophylaxis not only against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus, but also against hemophilic infection and hepatitis B.
"Infanrix" is an imported analogue of DPT, containing protective cells against whooping cough, tetanus and, of course, diphtheria.

Vaccination Schedule

Young parents who care about their own child are always interested when they vaccinate their children against diphtheria. The Russian vaccination calendar claims that it must be done until the child is one year old. The vaccine is given only three times: at 4, 5 and 6 months. Thanks to these vaccines, the body will develop resistance to the pathogen.

The next vaccination against diphtheria for children will be done already in order to maintain immunity. The first step is to do it at 18 months. Further vaccination against diphtheria is recommended for children 7 years of age. The last vaccination will be at 14 years of age.

All these vaccinations become a guarantee that the body will be resistant to the effects of infection. Subsequent vaccinations will need to be done much less frequently - only once every ten years.

It is also worth noting that a diphtheria vaccination for children aged 14 years or 4 months is required. The doctors themselves strongly recommend that parents do not save on the health of their child and still visit a clinic where you can get vaccinated. It doesn’t hurt at all and won’t take much time, so there is no reason to refuse it.

Method of administration

In addition to the vaccination schedule, parents are also interested in children. This question remains the most important for them.

Vaccines are administered intramuscularly only. It is impossible to vaccinate intravenously or subcutaneously, unlike antitoxic serum.

The most common sites for grafting are:

hips;
shoulder delta.

For small children (up to three years old), the injection is injected into the middle third of the anterolateral part of the thigh. And for slightly older patients (up to 14 years and above) - in the upper third of the shoulder protrusion.

Immediately after an injection into the muscle, the area around it may hurt. As a rule, these are not strong pain sensations, so even the smallest patient can endure them. Plus, they don't last long.

Indications

The indication for vaccination against diphtheria in children is only the necessary prevention of severe forms of the disease, as well as its consequences. There are no other items that require vaccination.

Contraindications

Unlike indications, there are much more contraindications for vaccination. Any vaccination is a cause for an imbalance in the functioning of the systems of the human body. It is for this reason that most contraindications are associated with the temporary state of the immune system.

Both vaccination in children with DPT, the consequences of which are practically not serious, and other types of vaccination are not recommended in such cases:

The presence of bacterial, viral and other diseases. In such a situation, the specialist only recommends waiting until the child is completely healthy.
The development of allergic reactions to any pathogens.
Any post-vaccination complications from a recent vaccination.
Diseases associated with neurology. If they are present and in the active phase, it is strictly forbidden to inject toxoid. In this case, you will need to wait for the onset of remission or a period without any exacerbations.
Mild forms of diseases - redness of the throat, rhinitis and the like. They, of course, do not pose a danger and do not prohibit vaccination, but it is still worth waiting for the vaccination until the symptoms go away.

Compared to other vaccinations, the list of contraindications for the diphtheria vaccine does not include diseases such as cancer, immunodeficiency states, powerful chemotherapy.

Reaction to vaccination

All parents should be prepared for the fact that there will be at least some reaction to the diphtheria vaccination in children. Normal side effects include:

apathy;
mild lethargy;
redness of the treated area;
increase in body temperature;
slight pain in the first week after vaccination;
slight malaise;
the formation of a small bump at the injection site of the needle, which will resolve within three to four weeks.

All these reactions cannot be called complications, since they will not last so long, and nothing will have to be done to eliminate them. In addition, they may not appear in all children. Therefore, do not worry if no consequences are observed after vaccination - this is also the norm.

Side effects

Most often, side effects appear in the form of allergic reactions to various components of the drug used. Along with this, they can be provoked by a refusal to comply with contraindications.

Complications

In addition to the usual reaction to the vaccine and the classic side effects, complications after the procedure should also be considered. They require special attention, since it is precisely such consequences that can worsen the condition of the child, and it may not be so easy to cure them.

Despite the fact that complications are extremely rare, you still need to know about them. The list is not too long:

runny nose;
cough;
profuse sweating;
dermatitis;
otitis;
diarrhea;
bronchitis;
scabies;
pharyngitis;

It is these diseases that are considered complications that occur immediately after the injection. But it is worth considering that they are only weak adverse effects. In addition to them, more serious complications can also arise if parents refuse to comply with contraindications.

Often there are problems with cardiovascular system. In this case, myocarditis may begin to develop, and the heart rhythm will also be disturbed. They are considered the most serious complications that little child it's pretty hard to get through.

However, there is a chance to get adverse effects of a neurological nature. They are caused by damage to the peripheral and cranial nerves. There are such complications in the form of limbs, strabismus. There are more severe cases, which include paralysis of the muscles of the diaphragm, as well as the respiratory muscles.

Medical practice shows that so far not a single case of death after the ADS vaccine has been recorded. In addition, there were no children who would go into anaphylactic shock. Thanks to these facts, you can be sure of the benefits and complete harmlessness of the injection.

Parents' concerns about the need for vaccinations are understandable, because they all care about their children and want only the best for them. But even despite certain concerns, you should not immediately refuse vaccination. In any case, the best solution to the problem is to seek the advice of a specialist. He will tell you in detail what an injection is, why it is needed and whether it is worth administering it to a small child. Whether or not to vaccinate is ultimately up to the parents themselves.

Complications are rather difficult moments in the period after the injection into the child's body. Of course, you can avoid them, because they are caused, as a rule, by non-compliance with elementary contraindications.

After visiting the doctor, you must carefully monitor the child. Be sure to catch the moment when there is only a hint of side effects. As soon as they occur, you immediately need to go to the pediatrician to make sure that such a reaction is quite normal.

Specialists and experienced parents who have already seen many cases of diphtheria in children can give good recommendations newcomers. By adhering to them, you can be sure that the child will not have any problems. The main tips are:

Consultation with a specialist. As mentioned above, you should consult your doctor about the specifics of the vaccination, vaccination schedule, side effects, advantages and disadvantages of the injection. Based on the information received, it will be much easier to understand whether a vaccine is needed.
Careful choice of clinic. If the parents definitely decided to send their child to the doctor, then it is necessary to take the choice of the clinic where the procedure will be carried out with particular seriousness. It is best to give preference to public clinics or trusted specialists with whom you have worked before.
The condition of the child before vaccination. Before agreeing to a vaccination, you need to make sure that the child is not sick with anything. Otherwise, adverse consequences cannot be avoided.

Often people wonder if it is possible to wet the area where the needle was inserted. In fact, it is allowed to do this on the very first day, but only with cool or lukewarm water. At the same time, it is worth abandoning the baths, and washing the child only in the shower. However, in the near future you do not need to use all kinds of shower gels, since ordinary baby soap is best for this period. Also, within seven days after vaccination, you should not wash with a washcloth, as it can be the main cause of redness or inflammation at the injection site.

In the first days after the procedure, experts recommend making sure that the child does not overheat or overcool. If this is allowed, then the patient's immunity may significantly deteriorate.

Many parents believe that the vaccine is mandatory, although in fact it is safe to refuse it. You just need to remember that it protects the baby from infection, and even if the disease has appeared, it will be much easier to transfer it after vaccination.

There is no immunity to this disease. It is transmitted by air - from a carrier of bacteria, a person suffering from diphtheria or from infected objects.

Incubation period of this disease is on average from two to five days. The greatest danger of the disease, especially for, is the possible ones that can be caused by a huge amount of toxins in the focus of infection.

Disease danger

When an infection enters a person's bloodstream, toxic substances spread throughout the body, adversely affecting cells, the heart, and the nervous system.

When the larynx is affected by diphtheria, a true croup disease occurs - there is a decrease in the respiratory opening, and the child may suffer from lack of air. In this case, the most terrible consequence of the disease can occur - death.

By timely introduction of the vaccine, it is possible to prevent the possibility of a disease or greatly reduce the likelihood of its onset, and in case of infection, significantly alleviate the form of the course.

Infants are vaccinated against diphtheria by injecting the drug into the thigh, it is believed that in this way it is more completely absorbed.

Timing of the diphtheria vaccination

The very first vaccination is done at the age of three months. She is not grafted into pure form, and in combination with drug called AKDS. The drug is administered in three stages: at three, then at four, and finally at five months of a child's life. The next vaccination comes in one year, then at seven years, after - at twelve and at seventeen years.

Everyone has the right to refuse vaccination. In this case, it is necessary to write a refusal in writing addressed to the head physician of the medical institution with reasoned reasons for such a decision.

The introduced vaccine is valid for several years, after which it is systematically repeated for adults until the age of fifty-six.

The free vaccine is very difficult to tolerate by the body - a rise in temperature is noticed, the child becomes capricious, and a painful hardening forms at the injection site. Therefore, vaccination is practiced on a paid basis. Foreign analogues of the drug are more easily tolerated. Such a procedure is carried out exclusively at the request of the person himself, the very effect of both vaccines (paid and free) is absolutely the same.

Vaccination against diphtheria consists in the administration of a toxin contained in the causative agent of the disease, which causes the production of specific antibodies and, in the future, immunity to the disease. In most cases, the diphtheria vaccine is given in childhood, but over time, its effect weakens, so adults may need to be revaccinated to maintain immunity to this disease.

Side effects after vaccination against diphtheria in adults

Diphtheria alone is extremely rarely vaccinated. Usually, complex vaccines are used for vaccinations ADS (diphtheria and tetanus) or DTP (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus). The choice of the type of vaccine depends on the presence of an allergy to a particular component, since allergic reactions to a vaccine or any of its components are not uncommon.

An inoculation is made in the shoulder muscle or in the area under the scapula. In addition to allergic manifestations after vaccination against diphtheria in adults, the following side effects (mostly temporary) may be observed:

an increase in body temperature (up to 37.5 ° C, rarely higher);
increased sweating;
general weakness and feeling unwell for the first 2-3 days after vaccination;
indigestion, nausea, liquid stool;
pain at the injection site;
redness, induration and swelling at the injection site;
runny nose;
otitis i.

As a rule, such side effects are short-lived and disappear 3-5 days after diphtheria vaccination or respond well to treatment. In exceptional cases, after vaccination against diphtheria, severe side effects may occur in the form of muscle pain, spasms, temporary limitation of mobility and atrophy at the injection site.

Complications after vaccination against diphtheria in adults

In general, diphtheria vaccination for adults is considered safe and does not lead to serious complications if precautions are taken.

The most dangerous and frequent complication after such a vaccination is an acute allergic reaction, up to , especially in people prone to allergic manifestations and patients with bronchial asthma.

Besides, in rare cases perhaps a significant increase in temperature (up to 40 ° C), the development of complications from the heart (tachycardia, arrhythmia), the occurrence of seizures.

As a local complication, an abscess may develop at the injection site.

To reduce the risk of complications, vaccinations should not be carried out for at least a month after an acute respiratory viral infection or any infectious disease. In the event of an allergic reaction, re-administration of the vaccine is contraindicated.

Diphtheria is a life-threatening infectious disease that in unvaccinated patients can be especially severe and lead to. The disease is caused by a diphtheria bacillus that enters the human body by airborne droplets through the mucous membranes of the oropharynx.

This way of transmission of the infection leads to its rapid spread among collectives and in the most short time capable of hitting a large enough number of people.

Fortunately, today humanity has learned against the disease. It begins in early childhood and is carried out throughout a person's life, which allows you to maintain immunity at the proper level.

At present, mass immunization of the population has made it possible to minimize cases of diphtheria in civilized people and avoid the complex consequences of the disease when it develops in the body of a vaccinated person, who will definitely endure the disease in its mildest form.

Is it included in the National Calendar?

According to leading immunologists, diphtheria is the only reliable way to prevent the onset of symptoms of an infectious disease or help the body to endure it in a mild form without serious complications. In our country, control over the spread of diphtheria pathogens among the population is implemented through routine vaccination, which makes it possible to control the situation and prevent outbreaks of the epidemic process.

The terms of mass immunization of all age groups of the population, regardless of their race and gender, have been established by experts from the World Health Organization.

It has been established that the effectiveness of preventive measures depends on several factors:

coverage of the population who received the diphtheria vaccination;
the quality of the vaccine preparation intended for the development of protective immune complexes in the body.

The diphtheria vaccination schedule in our country is regulated at the state level and is included in the National Vaccination Calendar.

Anti-diphtheria immunization of children and adults today is a mandatory event, which can be carried out absolutely free of charge in any state clinic.

At what age and how often are children given: vaccination schedule

Immunization of a child's body against diphtheria is a long and very laborious process that needs constant monitoring by the parents of the baby, as well as by the medical staff who are watching him.

The first vaccination against diphtheria is given to the baby at 3 months.

Doctors must necessarily warn the adult members of the infant's family about the amount of vaccination, its duration and possible risks.

In addition, before each procedure, a small patient should be examined by a specialist who gives an opinion on the possibility of vaccination or refusal of it.

According to the National Vaccination Calendar and general recommendations World Health Organization, children are vaccinated against diphtheria in several stages, starting from infancy:

first vaccination - 3 months;
second injection - 4.5 months;
third injection - 6 months;
the fourth dose is administered at 18 months;
the fifth vaccination is given at 6-7 years.

Such an immunization plan allows you to create reliable and long-term protection against infectious agents, aimed at preventing infection and the course of the disease in severe forms with numerous complications from the internal organs.

As experience shows, the body of the baby develops a full-fledged immune protection after the first three injections. Injection of prophylactic drugs at the age of one and a half and 6-7 years is an auxiliary measure aimed at consolidating the result. Such actions provide immunity to the child for ten years, after which he is shown revaccination (at 16-17 years old).

Diphtheria vaccination for adults: when and how many times?

Diphtheria very often affects the body of adults, even if they were vaccinated in childhood according to the schedule. The fact is that immune complexes after specific prophylaxis circulate in the blood for about ten years, after which they weaken and lose their ability to prevent infection.

A separate group of patients are adults who, for some reason, were not vaccinated in childhood, or the data on their vaccinations were lost. With this scenario, immunologists propose to use with a reduced number of antigens.

Each dose (0.5 ml) of such a vaccine preparation contains 5 units, as well as a number of excipients. This immune suspension does not include due to its increased allergenicity.

After all, he is able to harm an unvaccinated person, provoking severe complications in him. The vaccination schedule for childhood unvaccinated patients looks different than for immunized individuals.

Such people need a double vaccination against diphtheria. The interval between the first and second injection should be 30 to 45 days. The first revaccination in such cases is prescribed six months after the second vaccination, and the last one - five years later. Further, such a patient is vaccinated according to the general scheme, receiving a prophylactic dose of antidiphtheria toxoid every ten years.

The scheme of vaccination and revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus

Today, anti-diphtheria vaccination for babies of the first year of life is given together with an anti-tetanus component. A similar procedure is carried out by introducing a complex DPT vaccine, which is known for its numerous adverse reactions.

Therefore, babies with comorbidities and weakened immunity are offered an alternative - immunization with ADS vaccines,. containing exclusively components against diphtheria and tetanus.

Vaccine pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus adsorbed liquid - DPT

The vaccination schedule for diphtheria and tetanus without a pertussis component does not differ from the immunization plan with a complex DTP vaccine and has the following form:

3 months;
4.5 months;
6 months;
one and half year;
6-7 years old.

Revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is carried out in children already in adolescence when they are 16 or 17 years old.

Which then will allow to judge the quality of the formed immunity and will enable the specialist to correctly build a revaccination plan in adulthood.

Names of vaccines

For the prevention of diphtheria in children and adults in our country, only certified high-quality vaccines are used, which have passed all the necessary stages of testing and research.

As a rule, complex vaccine preparations are used for immunization, which reduce the number of injections received by the patient and form strong immunity against several infectious diseases at once:

DTP vaccine;
prophylactic drug Pentaxim of the French company;
Belgian (Glaxo).

Domestic DTP vaccine suspension consists of a mixture of corpuscular pertussis vaccine, as well as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

One dose of DPT prophylactic contains:

about 10 billion pertussis pathogens killed;
15 units of diphtheria toxoid;
5 units of tetanus toxoid.

In addition to the main components, the vaccine also contains auxiliary substances necessary for stabilizing and preserving the solution, including aluminum hydroxide, merthiolate, formaldehyde.