Treatment with pharmaceutical and folk methods of dandruff on the head of an adult at home. Dandruff - causes and treatment
To understand why dandruff appears and how to deal with it, every person who has had a chance to face it wants to understand. Dandruff brings annoyance and irritation to many people. Nobody likes to see a “snowball” on their shoulders and white “scales” in their hair. This problem occurs as a result of increased exfoliation of scales on the scalp. The normal position is considered to be skin renewal once a month and this happens in most cases imperceptibly.
Main causes and symptoms
It is worth understanding why dandruff appears. A common cause of its occurrence is a fungal infection. This diagnosis is confirmed by almost all doctors who have encountered such a problem. Many patients do not recognize it and consider the “snow” on their shoulders to be only an aesthetic flaw. But the disease has deeper roots and it is necessary to understand well why dandruff forms on the head and how to get rid of it.
Signs of dandruff on the head- this is the appearance of white, yellow or gray scales that are clearly visible on the hair and clothes. The causes of the disease can be shocks, emotional overstrain, improperly selected shampoo, dietary errors, hormonal disorders, heredity, and improper metabolism. Why dandruff appears, it is impossible to answer unambiguously. It is noticed that on the head in men it occurs more often than in women, and in children it practically does not happen. Explaining why dandruff appears on the head in men, doctors call the same reasons as in women.
Wrong hair care
After thinking about why dandruff appeared on the head, a person should pay attention to how he takes care of his hair. If shampoo is not completely washed out of the hair from time to time, dandruff will not keep you waiting. Therefore, women with long curls should thoroughly rinse their hair with clean water after shampooing.
The disease often worries female representatives who like to use hairspray and mousse for styling hair.
If a girl washes her hair often, the skin loses moisture, and dry scales begin to form intensively on its surface. The use of shampoos with dyes and parabens can aggravate the problem. Foci with dandruff can be localized both throughout the head and in its individual areas (at the temples, crown, occiput or lateral parts).
Varieties of the disease
Dandruff is dry and oily. The first option is characterized by a feeling of tightness of the scalp and increased formation of scales that crumble on the shoulders. With oily dandruff, the hair becomes greasy, if you scratch your head, you feel oily skin, and an oily substance remains under the nails.
The type of dandruff can be determined using an ordinary napkin: when the hair is dirty, apply a clean towel to the scalp. If a greasy trace is visible on it, then you are dealing with oily dandruff.
Troubleshooting Methods
Having dealt with the causes of the disease, you can begin to treat it. Traditional medicine offers various natural remedies to be applied to the skin. Effective methods of fighting the disease include infusions of nettle, chamomile and string, as well as masks made from kefir and eggs. necessary, because it can cause severe discomfort to a person.
As well as folk methods exists medicinal methods treatment. If the disease is caused by an infection, the doctor will prescribe antifungal drugs; in case of dermatitis, he will suggest various antihistamines. Often, in the fight against the problem, doctors use special shampoos, sprays, creams and ointments. These funds, depending on their composition, help:
- renew the skin;
- fight the fungus
- heal inflamed areas;
- reduce itching.
In addition, there are physiotherapeutic methods, when various kinds of effects are made on the affected areas, as a result of which there is an improvement in well-being.
Modern beauty salons offer many procedures for improving the scalp: cryomassage, mesotherapy, hirudotherapy.
Preventive measures
Prevention can help prevent dandruff. Shampoos, balms and other hair care products must be selected taking into account the type of hair. You should use a personal comb, use less chemical styling products (varnishes, mousses, foams), dry the curls with cold air, wash them not too often and in warm water. Massage your scalp daily to improve blood circulation. Be sure to adjust the drinking regime and proper nutrition, since the condition of the hair and the body as a whole depends on it.
It is important to get enough vitamins and minerals that are found in vegetables and fruits. It is worth reviewing your diet and eliminating junk food:
- fast food;
- roast;
- salty;
- acute;
- alcohol.
During the day, you should drink from one and a half liters of water or more (depending on your weight) to improve your metabolism. Experiences, as you know, have a very negative effect on human health, including the condition of the skin, so stressful moments should be avoided.
Regular procedures for hair and scalp care will allow you to forget about the white “snow” on your shoulders, and timely treatment will help improve your hair and return it to a well-groomed and radiant appearance.
Dandruff (seborrhea) is one of the signs of skin inflammation, the so-called dermatitis. The causes of skin flaking are varied. This may be an allergic reaction, hormonal changes, mental stress or digestive disorders. Knowing the cause is important for choosing the right treatment. To get rid of dandruff on the head, it is necessary to act on the cause of the dermatological problem. Then therapeutic measures will be effective, and the result of treatment will be long-term.
The following factors lead to peeling of the skin on the head:
- Dysfunctions sebaceous glands head - either excessive secretion or insufficient production of sebum.
- Pathogenic spread of the fungus Pityrosporum. In this case, the second factor is formed only on the basis of the first - the fungus multiplies only on an unhealthy sebaceous secret.
There are several types of dermatitis peeling - allergic (formed with allergic / atopic dermatitis), infectious (more often - fungal, seborrheic, known as dandruff). There are also acute and chronic course of the disease.
Varieties of seborrhea: oily and dry dandruff
In the literal translation, seborrhea means "saliferous". Seborrhea with excessive secretion of skin secretion is called oily. It manifests itself in the form of yellowish sticky scales on the hair.
The type of seborrhea with insufficient secretion of sebaceous secretion is called dry. It manifests itself in the form of white dry scales, easily chipping from the hair.
Oily dandruff often forms in adolescents during hormonal changes. It can also form in women. In addition, oily seborrhea can be thick or liquid:
- thick- formed on a thick sebaceous secret. Scales of the skin accumulate mainly at the roots of the hair. A layer of scales disrupts the nutrition of hair follicles, with a long course it becomes the cause of baldness. Fatty thick seborrhea is more often formed in men, less often in women.
- Liquid seborrhea formed on liquid sebaceous secretion. With it, scales and fat fall mainly on the hair, which becomes wet, greasy.
Dry seborrhea is formed with insufficient secretion of sebum. With dry seborrhea, the amount of dandruff formed visually seems small. Dry peeling often appears during stress, with negative experiences, psychosomatic disorders.
There are also mixed types of seborrhea, when a person has hyperactive sebaceous glands in certain areas of the skin under the hair, and not enough in others. In this case, various dandruff forms on the hair - yellowish sticky and white dry.
Causes of dandruff: external and internal factors
The causes that lead to the appearance of various types of dermatitis are conventionally divided into external and internal.
to external include any traumatic factors external environment- aggressive substances, poisonous plants, bacterial or fungal infections.
Let us consider in more detail what internal and external causes can cause peeling of the skin, the appearance of dandruff.
Factor number 1 - infection, pathogenic fungus
Often the cause of seborrhea is an infection - a pathogenic fungus that settles on the scalp. It needs the right conditions to live. The appearance of the fungus is preceded by health problems, malnutrition, hormonal changes.
Seborrheic dermatitis is caused by two types of fungi:
- Pityrosporum (Malassezia) ovale;
- Pityrosporum (Malassezia) pachydermatis.
Both fungi are yeast-like microorganisms and differ in distribution characteristics. The first is found only on the skin of humans, the second is found in humans and animals.
Pityrosporum fungi are opportunistic pathogens. They are part of normal microflora a person where they work for the timely renewal of skin cells. In some conditions, they multiply uncontrollably, form peeling, inflammation.
With seborrheic dermatitis, the amount of Pityrosporum increases sharply and exceeds the norm. If on healthy skin should be 30-40% of the fungus Pityrosporum ovale, then 70 to 95% is found on diseased skin.
An increase in the number of fungal microorganisms occurs when the composition of sebum is disturbed. Pityrosporum fungi feed on sebaceous secretions and actively multiply on unhealthy sebaceous secretions. They "like" an increased amount of fatty acid, a reduced content of antiseptic components. With such changes, sebum loses its bactericidal properties and allows the pathogen to spread through the skin.
The result of the activity of the fungal flora is manifested in the following:
- The secretion of sebaceous secretion increases even more - mushrooms stimulate it for their nutrition and reproduction.
- The cycle of life of the cells of the outer epidermis is accelerated, while the process of maturation of the cell and its life time are reduced.
As a result of the activity of the pathogenic flora, an increased number of cells are formed that are exfoliated from the surface. Peeling becomes noticeable, individual cells stick together, become visible on the hair. There is a so-called seborrhea or dandruff.
In addition to a cosmetic defect, the appearance of dandruff causes discomfort. The fungus causes itching on the skin, sometimes - its inflammation.
On a note: the fungus Pityrosporum, with uncontrolled reproduction, also causes pityriasis versicolor on open areas of the skin.
Since sebum is necessary for the reproduction of the fungus, those areas of the skin that have more sebaceous glands are more affected by the vital activity of Pityrosporum fungi. Therefore, dandruff is more common in men than in women. They have more glands on the scalp, in the hair.
Factor number 2 - a change in epidermal cells
One of the mechanisms for the appearance of dandruff is the accelerated exfoliation of the cells of the outer epidermis (skin). The normal life cycle of a cell is 20 to 30 days. During this time, she manages to be born in the deep layers (in the so-called germ layer), move to the surface and die. Thus, a layer of dry keratinized cells accumulates on the surface of the skin, which have lost the ability to divide.
From the surface of the skin, keratinized cells are exfoliated and fall off. Together with them, the body gets rid of harmful toxic substances. The process of removing dead cells is usually invisible due to their microscopic size and dryness. Peeling becomes visible when wet cells of the epidermis are exfoliated.
On healthy skin, the cells of the epidermis are exfoliated at the stage when they have dried up and become hardly noticeable. With dandruff, the cells of the epidermis are exfoliated earlier, without drying out. Therefore, they stick together with each other, take the form of flakes, scales. The sloughing process is activated during washing, rubbing, putting on clothes, combing, and other mechanical actions.
Note: throughout life, a person “sheds” up to 20 kg of keratinized skin.
Factor #3 - Allergic Toxic Reaction
The medical name for dandruff is seborrheic dermatitis. This term refers to skin inflammation that occurs as a result of the action of irritants. It is accompanied by redness, peeling, itching.
Common cause of dermatitis different kind is a reaction to an irritating or poisonous substance. As a result of contact with the toxin, cells die rapidly. Strong peeling is formed - dead cells of the epidermis are exfoliated from the skin.
How to cure dandruff: medicines, shampoos, remedies
Dandruff treatment should take into account the cause of the disease. What drugs are used for treatment:
- Antimycotics- counteract the vital activity of pathogenic fungi, stop their reproduction. More often, external treatment is sufficient - with pastes, special therapeutic shampoos. Sometimes, with very strong peeling, external treatment is supplemented with a general one, tablets are taken orally.
- Anti-inflammatory- for drying and relieving inflammation, products with zinc, selenium, and sulfur are used.
- Keratolics- necessary for accelerated exfoliation and removal of dead cells. Salicylic acid is often added to anti-dandruff shampoo as a keratolic.
- vitamins- consumed orally and added to a paste or shampoo. They are necessary for the restoration and proper nutrition of hair follicles.
The best dandruff preparations contain various components listed - antifungal, anti-inflammatory, keratolic and vitamin. They are added to cosmetics for hair care. They are also used in the production of specific medicines. Let us consider in more detail each direction of therapy.
Antifungal and antimycotic treatment
We list what antifungal agents are used to treat seborrhea:
- Ketoconazole- an antifungal substance that is used internally and externally to treat fungal infections. It is part of the shampoos that are sold as a remedy for dandruff in pharmacies - Dermazole, Nizoral, Phytosilik, Keto Plus (contains, in addition to ketoconazole, the antiseptic zinc pyrithione), Elfa (also with ketoconazole and zinc).
- Bifosin- an antimycotic, which is part of the Bifon lotion and the Bifonazole series of drugs. Penetrates deep into the skin, retains high concentrations in it for a long time. Used to treat the scalp liquid form Russian Bifonazole (1% solution). Or ready-to-use German Bifon lotion. The anti-dandruff medicine is applied to the scalp and left on to ensure prolonged skin contact with the antifungal agent.
Important: dandruff forms a dense layer of keratinized scales on the scalp. This disrupts the nutrition of the skin and hair follicles. In order to avoid hair depletion and baldness, it is necessary to wash your hair often, remove the scales accumulated on the skin in a timely manner.
Treatment of inflammation: preparations with zinc, sulfur, selenium
Zinc is introduced into the composition of creams and ointments for a drying effect. A chemical compound called zinc pyrithione exhibits antifungal and antibacterial properties, limiting the growth of various pathogens - fungi, bacteria. Therefore, it is included in the composition of creams, talkers, therapeutic shampoos. For example, zinc pyrithione is found in shampoos Head and Shoulders, Jesen Dandroof.
Sulfur - combines the action of an antiseptic and an exfoliating agent. It contains horseradish, garlic, mustard. Hence the use of these products in traditional medicine for the treatment of dandruff. Sulfur provides their antiseptic properties, the ability to limit the growth and reproduction of pathogens.
Among pharmaceutical preparations with sulfur, many are in the form of ointments, therefore they are not used in the treatment of the scalp. You can use complex products with sulfur and other antifungal agents (for example, anti-dandruff shampoo in the Sulsen pharmacy).
Selenium - also exhibits an antifungal effect, and additionally - restores normal cell division, reduces flaking. Selenium is used as a chemical compound with sulfur - sulfide.
The component based on selenium sulfide is called sulsen. It contains 45% sulfur and 55% selenium.
Sulsen is added to soap and shampoo to treat dandruff. Wash the hair with soap and leave it on the head for 5-10 minutes. Paste and shampoo - applied to the head before washing.
Note: A good anti-dandruff shampoo contains various ingredients.
Accelerated Exfoliation
Accelerated exfoliating products remove dandruff quickly and effectively, but not for long. They enhance the exfoliation of the stratum corneum, but do not solve the main problem - the spread of the fungus on the skin under the hair. Therefore, they are not the main treatment for seborrhea, but complement the main therapy.
As exfoliating keratolytics, salicylic acid is most often used. From natural preparations - suitable concentrated Apple vinegar. It is important to consider that products with keratolytics greatly dry the skin.
Note: salicylic acid is part of the popular tablets - aspirin. They are also used as a cure for dandruff - crushed to a state of powder and mixed with shampoo. The resulting slurry is applied between the hair, kept for 2-3 minutes, washed off. If necessary, the procedure is repeated every other day.
Antiseptics for dandruff
One example of a natural antiseptic is birch tar. This natural substance contains a complex of biologically active substances that enhance immunity, improve the process of cell division, and slow down their death.
Shampoo with tar in the composition is sold in pharmacies under the trade name "Friederm". There are various variations of shampoos with tar, for example, a complex remedy with tar and salicylic acid - Algopix shampoo.
Folk remedies for dandruff
A remedy for dandruff at home can be prepared on the basis of antifungal, exfoliating, anti-inflammatory substances available at home. What does it offer ethnoscience to fight dandruff, what remedies help get rid of dandruff at home:
- Natural antifungal ingredient- baking soda. It is mixed with other natural substances - sour cream, eggs, applied to the head before washing. Hold for 30-40 minutes, then wash your hair with shampoo. Soda hair mask for dandruff fights with main reason peeling - a pathogenic fungus.
- Antiseptic substances- honey, aloe, raw onion gruel, lemon and onion juice. A mixture is prepared from them, which is applied to the hair before washing the head.
- Anti-dandruff exfoliating mask at home prepared with vinegar. It is added to the mass intended for application to the hair. This mask is not kept on the hair for longer than 10-15 minutes.
- Decoctions of antiseptic herbs- chamomile, oak bark, onion peel, succession, sage, calendula flowers, plantain leaves - used to rinse the head after washing the hair. They are an addition to the main treatment.
Interesting Facts
- According to statistics, dandruff is most often observed in young people from 14 to 25 years.
- In 1874, French anatomist and histologist Louis Charles Malasse discovered an unknown fungus in dandruff using a microscope. This discovery made it possible to identify one of the causes of dandruff.
- 90% of people suffering from seborrhea and dandruff also have problems with the gastrointestinal tract ( gastrointestinal tract).
- According to statistics, every second person at least once in his life had problems with dandruff.
The structure of the skin and skin appendages
The skin acts as a barrier between environment and the human body. The main functions of the skin are:
- thermoregulation (heat is consumed and released);
- protective (protects the body from chemical and mechanical influences);
- excretory (exudes sebum, water and decay products);
- immune (T-lymphocytes and Langerhans cells fight infection in the skin);
- respiratory (skin takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide);
- resorption (the skin is able to absorb various medicinal and cosmetic products).
- epidermis;
- dermis;
- hypodermis ( subcutaneous fat).
Epidermis
The epidermis is the surface layer of the skin, in which there is a continuous reproduction of new cells and keratinization of old ones.The epidermis contains the following types of cells:
- keratinocytes- produce keratin;
- Langerhans cells- macrophages that perform a protective function;
- melanocytes- produce melanin;
- Merkel cells- tactile cells.
Description of the layers of the epidermis
| Layer name | Layer Description |
| Basal | The basal layer consists of a single row of cells that are located directly on the border with the dermis. The cells of this layer are characterized by the fact that they continuously multiply, forming new skin cells. Also, the cells of the basal layer contain the pigment melanin, which determines the color of the skin, protects it from the influence of ultraviolet rays and causes a tanning effect. The existing Merkel cells in the basal layer are involved in the implementation of skin sensitivity. |
| prickly | In the spinous layer, the cells are arranged in three to eight rows. A feature of this layer is that new skin cells formed in the basal layer are fastened here with cytoplasmic outgrowths. |
| Grainy | The granular layer consists of one to five rows of closely adjacent cells. After the spiny layer, the cells, held together by special outgrowths, begin the process of keratinization here. This layer also contains epidermal macrophages - these are cells whose main function is to fight infection that enters the skin. |
| Brilliant | The shiny layer is observed on such areas of the body as the palms and feet, where the epidermis layer is quite dense. Also in this layer, the process of keratinization of epithelial cells continues. |
| Horny | The stratum corneum is in direct contact with the environment and performs a barrier function, preventing the penetration of microbes into the skin. This layer consists of keratinized cells, tightly adjacent to each other and containing keratin ( protein substance). |
Renewal of the upper layers of the skin on the head through the imperceptible exfoliation of dead cells occurs every three to four weeks, which is a normal physiological process. In people suffering from dandruff, the rate of cell death increases due to the increased production of new skin cells, that is, in the stratum corneum, the process of cell keratinization is significantly enhanced. As a result, dead cells accumulate, and their frequent exfoliation occurs. For this reason, dry dandruff develops in most cases.
Dermis
The dermis is represented by connective tissue and consists of two layers.This layer of the skin contains sebaceous glands, the increased work of which makes it difficult to exfoliate dead skin cells from the surface of the skin, which can later lead to the formation of dandruff. Sebum, not allowing already dead skin particles to fall off, eventually leads to the formation of conglomerates ( sticky pieces of keratinized skin). For this reason, oily dandruff develops in most cases.
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous fat is represented by fatty accumulations and connective tissue. This layer provides mobile attachment of the skin to organs and tissues, and also creates additional protection of the body from mechanical damage.Skin appendages
Skin appendages include:- Sebaceous glands. They produce a secret - sebum, which lubricates the hair and protects the skin.
- Sweat glands. They release water and decay products, and are also an important component in the process of thermoregulation.
- Hair. They are derivatives of the epidermis and cover almost the entire body.
- Nails. The nail bed is covered by the nail plate, which consists of horny substance.
Causes of dandruff
The main reasons for the development of dandruff are:
- violation of the glands of the skin;
- hormonal imbalance;
- fungus;
Violation of the glands of the skin
Violation of the glands of the skin can occur due to the following reasons:- Nervous stress. Excitement provokes increased productivity of the sebaceous glands.
- Heavy and fatty foods. Leads to a change in the composition of sebum.
- Hot food. Hot causes a rush of blood to the stomach, resulting in increased work of the sebaceous glands and skin.
- Hormonal disbalance. It entails a change in the work of the sebaceous glands, as well as a change in the consistency of sebum.
Hormonal imbalance
The skin-hair complex consists of the hair follicle, sebaceous and sweat glands, which secrete lubrication ( sebum), which helps exfoliate dead skin particles. An increase in androgen levels ( a group of hormones produced by the testes and ovaries) in men or women provokes an increase in sebum production. These violations lead to a change in the quality of sebum, which ceases to be fluid, but becomes thicker.Thick sebum provokes gluing of keratinized skin particles, preventing them from falling off, which subsequently leads to their exfoliation in layers ( dandruff).
A violation of the secretion and a change in the consistency of sebum can lead to the development of a disease such as seborrhea.
With seborrhea, the following symptoms can be observed:
- itching of the scalp;
- rashes on the skin in the form of redness, covered with greasy or dry scales that are capable of merging;
- pustules on the scalp.
Also, the causes of seborrhea can be:
- diseases gastrointestinal tract;
- endocrine disorders;
- hypovitaminosis;
- the presence of chronic foci of infection in the body.
Fungus
Human skin is covered with an invisible water-lipid lubricant that has an acidic environment. This lubricant protects the body from many microbes that sit on the surface of the skin, destroying them. However, if these microbes enter the skin, the process of rejection begins, that is, the body begins to intensively produce sebum. This protective mechanism makes it difficult for the scales to peel off the surface of the skin, which subsequently leads to dandruff.With an increase in sebum production, fungi play an important role ( Pityrosporum Ovale), which normally live on the surface of the skin, in this period they begin to multiply and grow with greater intensity. The sensitivity of the scalp becomes aggravated to the waste products of the fungus, which results in fungal infection skin. Subsequently, the fungi, covered with sebum and dead scales, form plaques, which, when peeled off, cause itching and constant dandruff.
Normally, 45% of the fungal flora is located on the surface of the human head, however, if the sebaceous glands are disturbed this indicator can increase up to 70%.
It should be noted that these fungi have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the skin, since they are involved in maintaining its microflora, protecting it from the penetration of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Fungi also maintain a normal pH ( acid-base balance) skin.
Skin diseases
Dandruff, for example, can be early sign psoriasis. This disease is autoimmune and consists in the fact that one's own immune cells ( macrophages) affect the superficial layers of the skin, causing their necrosis. This phenomenon leads to exfoliation of the skin in large layers in the form of dandruff. However, there are differences that allow you to quickly determine the presence of psoriasis in a person, for example, the appearance of psoriatic plaques of a reddish color.Predisposing factors
There are also predisposing factors that can trigger the development of dandruff.Endogenous factors:
- beriberi ( e.g. vitamin A deficiency);
- decrease in the body's defenses ( for example, after acute respiratory viral infection(SARS));
- intestinal dysbacteriosis e.g. after treatment with antibiotics);
- genetic predisposition ( if parents have dandruff).
- washing your hair daily with the wrong shampoo ( the natural lubricant that coats the scalp is washed off);
- regular use of a hot air dryer leads to overdrying of the skin ( the hair dryer should be kept at a distance of 30 cm from the hair and use a gentle setting);
- frequent stress ( stimulate the sebaceous glands);
- smoking ( chemicals found in tobacco help to weaken the body's defenses);
- lack of vitamins and minerals in the body can lead to dry skin or increased sebaceous glands);
- chronic fatigue ( leads to a weakening of the immune system);
- frequent hair coloring leads to damage and development of dry skin).
In what areas is dandruff more common?
Most often, dandruff appears on the scalp in the occipital-parietal region, since in this place there is an increased secretion of sebum. Also, the occurrence of dandruff in this area may be due to an increase in the number of the fungus Pityrosporum Ovale. This fungus is opportunistic and is asymptomatic on the skin in most people ( in those places where the greatest accumulation of sebaceous glands occurs).Also, dandruff can be observed in the following areas:
- brows;
- eyelashes;
- armpit;
- pubis.
What is dandruff?
Dandruff is made up of dead skin cells that, due to excessive exfoliation, appear as greyish-white flakes. Normally, a person undergoes a process of death of a certain number of skin cells within a month. In people suffering from dandruff, this process is observed much more often, approximately every ten days. This is due to a decrease or, conversely, an increase in sebum production.
Depending on the type of hair, dandruff is usually divided into two types:
- dry dandruff;
- oily dandruff.
Dry dandruff
oily dandruff
Dandruff treatment
Currently, there is a wide range of drugs for dandruff, however, it should be noted that such drugs must be selected individually, depending on clinical picture and causes of dandruff. The products used in the masks below have the following healing properties:
- Egg yolk contains beta-keratin, rich in fatty acids that deeply nourish and moisturize the scalp.
- Olive oil nourishes and moisturizes the skin.
- Lemon juice stabilizes the sebaceous glands and acid-base balance, also has a keratolytic effect, helping to exfoliate dead skin particles.
- Kefir. The composition of kefir includes vitamins of group B, A, calcium and protein, which moisturize, nourish the scalp, and also strengthen the hair roots.
- Castor oil moisturizes and strengthens hair, promotes skin exfoliation.
- To prepare the mask, you need to take one egg yolk, a tablespoon olive oil, one teaspoon of honey and one teaspoon of lemon juice. All ingredients must be thoroughly mixed and then rubbed into the scalp along the parting lines. After applying the mask, the head should be covered with a cap and kept for forty minutes, after which it is necessary to wash the head. This mask It is recommended to apply twice a week for one month.
- To prepare the mask, you will need four tablespoons of kefir, one tablespoon of olive oil and one egg yolk. All ingredients must be thoroughly mixed, and then applied to the scalp ( before washing hair) and leave for an hour and a half. This mask should be applied twice a week for one and a half to two months.
- In two egg yolks, add one tablespoon of castor oil and lemon juice, then mix thoroughly. The prepared mask should be applied to the scalp ( before washing hair) for one hour twice a week. The duration of treatment is one to one and a half months.
- It is necessary to mix salicylic acid ( two grams), Castor oil ( five grams) and vodka ( one hundred grams). The prepared lotion should be applied to the scalp for one and a half to two hours before washing your hair. This remedy should be used every other day until complete recovery.
- Birch tar ( five grams), Castor oil ( ten grams) and vodka ( one hundred grams) should be mixed and applied to the skin two hours before shampooing. This lotion should be applied two to three times a week until complete recovery.
Decoctions
| Decoction name | Therapeutic action | Cooking method | Application |
| beetroot juice | rich in vitamin C, beta-carotene, reduces inflammation | It is necessary to boil the beets, after which the resulting beetroot juice should be rinsed with hair. | This decoction should be used two to three times a week for a month. |
| Nettle decoction | contains vitamin A and E, strengthens hair, normalizes the sebaceous glands | Add two tablespoons of dry nettle to 400 ml of hot water and put on a slow fire for fifteen to twenty minutes. After boiling, the broth must be filtered and cooled. | Rinse your hair with the prepared product after washing your hair twice a week. The duration of treatment is one to two months. |
| Decoction of calendula | eliminates dandruff, strengthens hair, reduces oiliness of hair | Two tablespoons of calendula must be poured with 400 ml of hot water, then put on a slow fire for fifteen minutes. After cooking, the resulting broth must be filtered and cooled. | Ready decoction should rinse your hair after washing your hair once or twice a week for one to one and a half months. |
Dandruff Prevention
There are the following methods of dandruff prevention:
- hygiene of the scalp;
- protection of the scalp from the effects of high and low temperatures;
- diet and drinking plenty of water;
- stress prevention and immunity strengthening.
Hygiene of the scalp
To maintain the hygiene of the skin and hair, the following recommendations must be observed:- remember that such items and personal items as a comb, washcloth, as well as hats are intended exclusively for individual use;
- it is necessary to keep all personal hygiene items clean and replace them as they wear out;
- shampoos and cosmetics should be selected according to the type of hair;
- it is recommended to wash your hair as it gets dirty;
- it is not recommended to wash your hair very much hot water, since heat contributes to increased production of sebum;
- while drying hair, it is necessary to set the sparing mode on the devices ( warm air).
- Shampoo Nizoral. This product contains an antifungal agent ( ketoconazole).
- Sulsena paste 2%. The composition of the paste includes a sulfur compound, as well as useful additives, due to which the function of fatty secretion of the skin is normalized. The paste must be rubbed in a circular motion into the hair roots. After a ten-minute break, the product should be washed off with warm water. The procedure is recommended to be carried out once a week.
Protecting the scalp from high and low temperatures
Heat and direct sunlight are the same as cold and negatively affect the condition of the scalp, thereby provoking the occurrence of dandruff. As a preventive measure in this case, it is recommended to wear seasonal hats.Diet and drinking plenty of water
High-quality and nutritious nutrition plays a key role in the prevention of many skin diseases, including dandruff.To avoid any pathological changes on the part of the skin, it is recommended to use those foods that contain a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals.
| Vitamins and minerals | Food | having an effect |
| Vitamin B6 | walnuts fish, liver, bananas | They protect the skin from the adverse effects of the environment, and also help moisturize the skin. |
| Vitamin PP | cheese, tomatoes, cabbage | Restores the protective functions of the skin. |
| Zinc | nuts, seeds, beef | Participates in the process of renewal of skin cells. |
| Calcium | legumes, greens, dairy and sour-milk products | Participates in the secretion of the sebaceous glands With a lack of calcium, the elasticity of the skin decreases. |
It is also necessary to reduce the intake of those foods that can contribute to dandruff. For example, fatty, sweet, spicy and salty foods.
As for drinking plenty of water, this is due to the fact that a sufficient amount of fluid entering the body contributes to the normalization of metabolism.
Prevention of stress and strengthening of immunity
Weak immunity and stressful situations can negatively affect the work of the sebaceous glands, as well as the quality of the skin, making it drier. These factors can contribute to the development of dandruff. Based on this, stressful situations should be avoided and, if possible, spend as much free time in the fresh air as possible.The causative agent of the disease is the fungus Pityrosporum Ovale, present on the hairy skin each person. Under the influence of various negative factors, the vital activity of the fungus is activated, its number increases and a violation occurs. life cycle cells of the epidermis of the head. Instead of the prescribed twenty-eight to thirty-two days, they live only eight, which leads to the accumulation of dead particles on the surface of the skin. That is why dandruff is a medical, not a cosmetic problem, and it should be solved under the guidance of a dermatologist or trichologist.
The appearance of dandruff is not affected by the quality of the hair - it can occur regardless of whether it is dry, oily or normal. As for the age factor, it plays an important role. It is noted that young people aged 14-25 are most susceptible to its appearance - it is at this age that sebum is secreted in excess, which is an additional provoking factor. In older people, the secretion of sebum is minimized, so dandruff is practically not found.
CAUSES
The causes of dandruff are based on a number of factors associated with functional failures in body systems, mainly endocrine, nervous and digestive. In addition, the appearance of excessive peeling is often due to external causes related to the environment and skin care.
Diseases that contribute to the appearance of dandruff:
- neurological disorders: stress, depression, syndrome chronic fatigue, ;
- unbalanced diet: eating too many sweets and flour products;
- obesity;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: and duodenum, ;
- chronic diseases urinary system:,;
- genetically determined features of the structure and secretion of the scalp;
- improper care of the scalp: the use of shampoos and other care products that do not match the type of skin;
- rare or, conversely, too frequent hair hygiene contributes to dandruff;
- aggressive chemical composition tap water used for washing the head;
- exposure to dry air: the use of a hair dryer, ironing, hair curling irons, central heating in the cold season;
- lack of vitamins and minerals in the body: A, Z, group B, zinc, magnesium, healthy vegetable fats;
- an allergic reaction to the fibers that make up the hats;
- reduced immunity;
- skin diseases:,;
- bad habits: smoking, alcohol.
It is noted that the risk of dandruff increases significantly in the cold season - the reason for this phenomenon lies in a small amount of ultraviolet radiation, which has the ability to neutralize the fungus, and in the presence of a large amount of synthetics in hats.
CLASSIFICATION
There are three types of dandruff:
- Dry dandruff is characterized by a large number of dry scales on the surface of the epidermis of the scalp, resulting from a lack of sebum formation. With dry dandruff, the scales are easily separated from the hair, crumble and remain on the clothes. Their number varies depending on the degree of the disease - in the initial stages they are noticeable only upon closer examination, and in difficult cases they cover the entire head of the patient. This type of dandruff is often accompanied by dry, brittle and split hair.
- Oily liquid dandruff occurs due to increased sebum formation, which, in turn, is a consequence of hormonal imbalance in the body. Pathology is easy to recognize by the appearance of the skin - it becomes shiny, covered with enlarged pores. The hair takes on an untidy, unkempt appearance: it is as if greased and lies on the head in sparse, thin strands studded with yellowish scales. The processes that occur in the epidermis when oily seborrhea occurs often lead to a loss of bactericidal properties, resulting in painful and poorly healing abscesses on the head. Oily liquid dandruff often leads to baldness.
- Oily thick dandruff, just like liquid, occurs due to excessive activity of the sebaceous glands, but is accompanied by blockage of their ducts. The disease is often complicated by the appearance of acne and follicles on the scalp, the hair becomes stiff, their shafts thicken, and the number increases.
SYMPTOMS
The symptomatology of the disease depends on its type and is manifested by the following signs:
- scales covering the scalp - depending on the type of dandruff, they can easily separate or stick firmly to the surface of the epidermis and the base of the hair;
- imbalance of sebum formation - the skin becomes too dry or, conversely, too oily;
- untidy appearance;
- itching and other discomfort;
- increased hair loss, baldness.
The listed symptoms may also apply to other dermatological diseases of the scalp (seborrhea, lichen), therefore, before proceeding with treatment, it is necessary to conduct a qualified diagnosis with the help of a specialist.
DIAGNOSTICS
In diagnosing dandruff, the main emphasis is on the symptomatic manifestations of the disease. But since dandruff is only an external manifestation of the internal problems of the body, the task of the doctor is to examine the patient in order to identify them.
Methods for determining diseases:
- general and biochemical analysis blood;
- general analyzes of urine and feces;
- hormone tests;
- Ultrasound of the thyroid gland;
- Ultrasound of the gastrointestinal tract.
If necessary, other diagnostic methods are also involved in identifying the causes that provoked the appearance of dandruff, as well as other specialists are involved - a gastroenterologist, an immunologist, an infectious disease specialist.
TREATMENT
Treatment of dandruff is divided into two directions - the first is to neutralize the causes that caused it, and the second is to get rid of external symptoms. If the first stage depends entirely on the results of the examination and the diagnosis made by the doctor, then for the second stage, as a rule, pharmacy antifungal shampoos, lotions, serums, balms and masks are used. A beneficial effect on the condition of the scalp is also provided by natural shampoos based on tar, St. John's wort, sulfur, boron, fermented milk products, salicylic acid, ichthyol.
Other therapies:
- hormonal and vitamin therapy (taking zinc, sulfur, B vitamins);
- ultraviolet treatment;
- drugs that normalize bowel function;
- immune boosting drugs.
To stimulate the production of keratin (a protein that plays a direct role in the formation of the hair structure), vasoconstrictors are locally prescribed.
COMPLICATIONS
Prolonged lack of dandruff treatment is fraught with such negative consequences as weakening hair follicles, thinning and thinning hair, their fragility, and as a result - the loss of an attractive appearance. The disease can also provoke various inflammatory processes in the skin, the cause of which is combing the constantly itchy skin and introducing an infection into it.
PREVENTION
Prevention of dandruff comes down to compliance general rules healthy lifestyle, as well as compliance with hygiene standards.
Measures to reduce the risk of dandruff:
- Thorough, but at the same time moderate hygiene: the ideal frequency of hair washing is 2-3 times a week. At the same time, products for the care of the scalp and hair should be carefully selected taking into account individual characteristics, have the most natural composition, and if a person has a tendency to form dandruff, then periodic use of special therapeutic agents is desirable as a preventive measure.
- A healthy balanced diet, which must contain legumes, nuts, dairy products, plenty of fresh, boiled and stewed fruits and vegetables. You should exclude from the menu or minimize the use of all foods that can adversely affect the digestion process, provoke or diarrhea (white flour pastries, sodas, fast food, chips, fried foods, etc.).
- Monitor the state of the nervous system: do not disturb the mode of work and rest, try to relax more, fill life with positive impressions.
Preventive measures also include maintaining a healthy immune system (appropriate for age and physical fitness playing sports, swimming, staying in the fresh air for at least two hours on weekdays and at least four hours on weekends), avoiding bad habits.
PROGNOSIS FOR RECOVERY
Treatment of the initial stages of dandruff usually takes 4 to 6 weeks. In more advanced cases, especially those aggravated by endocrine disorders, this period is extended by the time required to completely cure the underlying disease. If the disease is chronic, then dandruff treatment should be carried out several times a year.
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Dandruff treatment
Dandruff is a big aesthetic problem faced by many people of various nationalities. Almost 50% of the inhabitants of Asia, Europe, Africa and the East suffer from profuse flaking of the scalp. Therefore, it is so important to understand "what it is and how to deal with it."
How is dandruff formed
Most people develop dandruff after puberty (If you notice dandruff in a child before puberty, we advise you to immediately consult a doctor, this may indicate more serious illness). During puberty, the body begins to produce much more testosterone. This hormone affects hair growth and can also have a negative effect on sebum production. Sebum is a fatty substance that protects our head from microorganisms. However, one organism has adapted to live off sebum (a fungus like Malassezia). This microorganism produces oleic acid, which penetrates into the scalp, causes irritation of the upper layer, and this leads to an increase in the turnover of skin cells.
As we all know, our skin consists of flat, dead cells that form in the basal layer of the epidermis and slowly move towards the surface of the skin (due to the fact that new cells are born under them, which crowd out the old ones). During this time, they dry out, become flat and keratinized (transparent, thin, invisible to the eye). Remnants of cells fly off the skin upon contact with clothing or during bathing. The entire update period lasts approximately 25-30 days.
But if the cycle is shortened to 7-10 days, the cells do not have time to dry (there is a lot of water left in them) and therefore become sticky. As they approach the surface of the skin, they stick together and form noticeable white flakes or lumps that can cause itching. In this case, the scalp should not have redness, inflammation or bleeding.
Types of dandruff
Depending on the type of scalp, there are two types of dandruff:
— Dry dandruff- appears as a result of insufficient hydration of the scalp, reduced sebum secretion. Scales cover almost the entire scalp and hair. The appearance of this type of dandruff is associated with the activation of the fungus, which, with good immunity, behaves calmly. However, if you violate the diet, increase mental and physical stress, the fungus is activated. As a result, the exfoliation process is accelerated and a mass of scales is formed, the number of which becomes noticeable. At the same time, the scales are easily separated, fall on clothes, and pollute the hair. Signs are: dry, brittle, thin hair with split ends.
— oily dandruff- appears as a result of highly active work of the sebaceous glands. Due to sebum, a sticky, greasy film forms on the head, which does not allow air to pass through, closes the pores, causes itching and irritates the nerve endings. The keratinized cells stick together with each other, forming large flakes impregnated with fat, they practically do not exfoliate, but fit snugly to the scalp.
Oily dandruff is further divided into 2 subtypes: thick and liquid. At thick oily dandruff thickens and reduces the elasticity of the skin, the mouths of the sebaceous glands expand. The shedding epithelium, impregnated with sebum, clogs the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands and a comedon is formed - a horny plug. When it is squeezed, a thick sebaceous mass is released. It has also been observed that when thick oily seborrhea hair becomes coarse and coarse.
At liquid oily dandruff the skin is shiny and resembles an orange peel (the pores are wide open), sebum is secreted in large quantities from the sebaceous glands. The hair is very greasy and stuck together in strands, as if oiled, and covered with yellowish scales, closely packed together. Ulcers may appear on the scalp due to the fact that the sebaceous secret changes its Chemical properties, losing sterilizing functions.
This division is necessary for the appointment proper treatment, since the causes of the appearance of each species are different.
Causes
1. Mushrooms of the genus Malassezia. Many experts note that the main cause of dandruff is yeast fungi of the genus Malassezia, which actively cover the entire human skin, especially the head. These fungi are classified as lipophilic microorganisms that feed on sebum. In a normal state of health, fungi do not betray their presence and do not cause any discomfort. But with any failure in the body, they begin to actively multiply, causing inflammation and itching. Their excess leads to an acceleration of the process of skin renewal, which in turn leads to the formation of dandruff.
Causes rapid growth strokes are still unknown, but it is known why a large amount of fat is formed in which they actively multiply:
- Chronic metabolic disorder, leads to improper functioning of the sebaceous glands (seborrhea) or infection by a fungus, and more often both at the same time
- Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy and menopause. This happens due to an imbalance between androgens (male hormones) and estrogens ( female hormones) towards the first,
— Stress
- Poor diet and consumption of large amounts of sugary and fatty foods
- Problems with digestion, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract
– chronic infections, broncho-pulmonary diseases
- Decreased immunity
- Vitamin deficiency (especially A, C, B, Zn (zinc))
- Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease;
- Hypersensitivity to fungi. People with hypersensitivity to fungi are more likely to develop seborrheic dermatitis. Many noted that their condition improves in the warm season and worsens in winter. The reason for this is the lack of sun, which destroys fungi.
2. Dry scalp. One of the reasons for the appearance of dandruff, especially in the winter, when it is cold outside and the air in the apartments is dry. The flakes produced for this reason tend to be smaller and less oily. Most likely, other parts of the body will also show signs of dryness, for example, on the hands or feet.
3. hereditary predisposition(features of the structure of the skin and its secretion).
4. Allergic reaction to hats, or rather on the material from which they are sewn (most often on cheap synthetics).
5. Wrong hair care:
- You rarely wash your hair. If you don't wash your hair regularly, oils and scalp cells can build up, causing dandruff.
- Sensitivity to hair care products - contact dermatitis. Sometimes sensitivity to certain ingredients or hair dyes, especially paraphenylene diamine(PPD) may cause redness, itching, and flaking of the scalp.
- Frequent hair coloring and perms
- If you do not wear a hat in the cold season, as well as when it is worn indoors for a long time, the microflora of the scalp changes.
Washing your hair too often or using a lot of styling products (varnishes, gels, etc.) can also irritate the scalp, causing dandruff.
6. Some skin diseases. Such as psoriasis, eczema, can cause dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis- a more serious disease than just dandruff, dandruff is observed on the skin, but at the same time, the skin is oily, reddened, irritated. The reason for its appearance is the fungus Malassezia furfur. It affects not only the scalp, but also other parts of the body where there are a large number of sebaceous glands, such as the eyebrows, on the sides of the nose and behind the ears, under the breasts, in the groin, and sometimes under the armpits. Psoriasis. This skin disease causes a buildup of dead cells that form thick, rough scales that usually appear on the knees, elbows, and torso, but sometimes on the head. It is very difficult to distinguish it from seborrheic dermatitis. Eczema. If you have this disease on any part of the body, then it can also appear on the head, leading to the development of dandruff.
8. Some other reasons- after heart attack, stroke, chemotherapy.
HIV - A study has shown that 10.6% of people with HIV have dandruff, this is due to a weakened immune system.
9. Diet- Some experts say that people who do not consume enough foods containing zinc, B vitamins and certain types of fats are more prone to dandruff.
10. Smoking and alcohol, have a negative effect on the metabolism, the violation of which leads to the development of the fungus.
Dandruff diagnosis
In order to understand that you have dandruff, you do not need to see a doctor. You can do it yourself. If you see the characteristic white flakes on your scalp, then you have dandruff.
With self-treatment, if the condition does not improve within 2 weeks, or if, on the head, there are initially red swollen spots, then you should consult a dermatologist or
But a misdiagnosis can also be made, because the symptoms of dandruff are similar to other diseases.
How to distinguish dandruff from other diseases
In order to understand whether it is dandruff or another skin disease, you need to get acquainted with the main distinguishing features of other diseases. Dermatitis- This is a replenishment of the scalp, which is manifested by redness and peeling. Itching may appear on initial stage. seborrheic eczema- This is a chronic dermatosis, which is accompanied by reddening of the scalp, body, face (behind the ears). The disease intensifies in any illness and during a period of stress, and then fades again. Most often occurs in older people. Psoriasis- this disease appears not only on the head, but also on the knees, elbows. Silvery scales may form on the scalp, itching, redness with a clear outline. Hair may begin to fall out. The disease progresses under stress. microsporia is a fungal infection that is contagious and can be passed from person to person. Pink scaly spots with a clear outline appear on the scalp, hair begins to fall out in the lesion.
Facts about dandruff
Dandruff is not contagious, meaning it is not transmitted or contagious
- rarely occurs in children;
- most often begins in adolescence due to hormones;
- the opinion that dandruff is more common in men than in women is not true. Men and women aged 20-40 suffering from dandruff are approximately the same;
- People after 50 years of age almost do not suffer from dandruff.
There is no connection between climate and dandruff, as people in hot and cold countries, with dry and humid climates, also experience dandruff.
- if you have dandruff, it means that there is a fungus on your head, but it’s not a fact that this is the main reason for cell exfoliation, the fungus develops as a result of a violation in the body.
- visually looks like white flakes;
- if there is dandruff, an increase in cell turnover is observed;
is a cosmetic problem, not a medical one;
- amenable to correction, treatment.
Treatment
For successful treatment, it is necessary to determine the true cause of dandruff. If it is not possible to establish a pathological process that has a negative impact, then the first thing to do is to adjust the daily routine and change the means for caring for the scalp and hair. The following are guidelines to be followed during treatment.
1. Gently brush your hair gently before washing. This will already reduce the appearance of dandruff, especially for the moderate and mild degree of the disease.
2. Do not rub, scratch or scratch your head too hard, as this may increase the appearance of dandruff.
3. Use soft water for rinsing and washing.
4. Wash your hair as it gets dirty.
5. It is better not to use a hair dryer for drying.
6. If you use styling products, do not forget to wash them off at night.
7. Do not keep washed hair under a towel for a long time.
8. Massage your head once a week.
9. Use an appropriate shampoo for frequent shampooing.
10. Disinfect the comb during treatment. It is also advisable to disinfect or change a hat, cap and other headgear.
11. Limit the consumption of fried, spicy and fatty foods.
12. Include in the diet foods rich in B vitamins and fiber.
13. In case of violations of the water balance, drink more water (tea, mineral water, morses).
14. Use a natural wood comb and change it every 2-3 months, as wood absorbs grease well.
15. Use hair care products that contain antifungal ingredients. Treatment programs that include shampoo and lotion are very effective. The shampoo helps in the fight against the fungus, and the lotion exfoliates the already existing dandruff, heals and additionally nourishes the scalp.
17. If you have diseases that lead to dandruff, and medical cosmetics do not help to cope with it, it is recommended to undergo a course of physiotherapy.
How to treat dandruff
For the treatment of dandruff, antifungal agents are used primarily in the form of shampoos and lotions. But if you use only shampoos without internal therapy, you can not expect the desired result. Therefore, it is necessary to have proper nutrition, treatment endocrine diseases, pathologies of the digestive tract, elimination of foci of chronic infection (chronic tonsillitis, carious teeth, sinusitis, etc.)
If your dandruff is due to a food allergy, avoid foods that can cause allergies and take antihistamine (anti-allergic) medications.
With excessive activity of the sebaceous glands (a problem with hereditary predisposition), the drug methionine is used.
For the treatment of oily seborrhea, antiandrogenic drugs may be prescribed, which reduce the activity of the sebaceous glands. One of these drugs is Diane-35, but it is used only as directed by a doctor.
Vitamins and supplements for dandruff treatment
To increase immunity and normalize metabolic processes, vitamins and dietary supplements containing selenium, zinc, and sulfur are used.
Essential fatty acids;
Vitamin E (80-120 IU per day)
Vitamin B6 (6 mg per day);
Vitamin B12 (9 mcg per day);
Niacin (1000 mg per day);
Vitamin A, "Aevit" (10,000 IU per day);
- "Selenium-Spirulina" (1-2 capsules per day);
Complexes of amino acids;
Lecithin, (1200 mg per day);
Flaxseed oil (1 tablespoon per day);
Bioflavononds (100 mg);
Immunomodulators (honey, pollen, royal jelly, lycopid, echinacea).
- "Beta-carotene" (1-2 capsules per day) /
In pharmacies you can find many vitamin complexes. The most effective are:
— Multi-tabs Intensive,
— Nutrilite,
— Supradin,
— Vitrum,
— centrum,
— Leveton forte.
Preparations for the treatment of dandruff
For the treatment of dandruff, it is necessary to use substances that have an antimicrobial effect, that is, they stop the growth of microbes (cytostatic effect), facilitate the removal of scales from the skin (exfoliating or keratolytic effect) and normalize peeling processes (reducing effect). Antimicrobial and antifungal activity have zinc pyrithione, ketaconazole, climbazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, piroctone olamine. Antimicrobial and cytostatic - selenium disulfide, ciclopirox. Cytostatic and keratoreus - tar. Exfoliating - salicylic acid, sulfur.
Active ingredients used to treat dandruff
— Pyrithione zinc(for example Selsun Salon, Head & Shoulders) inhibits the reproduction of fungi due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, slows down the process of cell renewal of the scalp.
— Coal tar or tar(for example, Neutrogena T / Gel) help get rid of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis, by normalizing the process of cell renewal and slowing down their shedding. It also has bactericidal and antimicrobial properties. Eliminates itching, redness and peeling
— Salicylic acid and sulfur(Sebulex, Ionil T, Fostex and Vanseb) helps to dry out dandruff flakes and make them invisible, but this can lead to excessive dryness of the scalp and even more flaking, this is due to the suppression of the secretion from the sweat and sebaceous glands. So use conditioner after washing your hair.
— Ketoconazole("Nizoral", "Keto Plus", "Dermazol", "Sebozol", "Kenazol") is a drug of the azole group; a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that inhibits the reproduction of fungi. The first improvements are noticeable after 7 days. Helps where many means are powerless. In addition, it does not have a systemic effect on the body, that is, it is not absorbed into the bloodstream, unlike climbazole.
— Climbazole has antifungal and antibacterial action. Suppresses the growth of fungi, fights dandruff. The drug is effective in the fight against fungi that are resistant to other drugs.
— Cyclopirox one of the best means from dandruff which has a fungicidal effect. It begins to act within 3 minutes after application.
— clotrimazole- also applies to antifungal drugs. It violates the integrity of the membrane of fungi and disrupts the synthesis of ergosterol, due to which clotrimazole has a bactericidal effect.
— Miconazole- has antifungal and antibacterial action. Helps restore the balance of the microflora of the scalp.
— Bifonazole(Bifon lotion) is a highly effective antifungal drug that is used to treat dandruff. Fungi do not develop resistance to it and do not decrease sensitivity. Quickly eliminates all the unpleasant symptoms of the disease: itching, dryness, peeling, tightness of the skin.
— Piroctone olamine or Octopyrod(Cosmelitte Profesional) - eliminates both dry and oily dandruff. It helps to normalize the rate of renewal and life cycle of scalp cells, and also inhibits microbial activity.
— Ichthyol("Fitolit") - has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, local anesthetic effect due to the content of organically bound sulfur. Normalizes the renewal cycle of skin cells.
— selenium sulfide(for example, Sulsena) - has antifungal properties. It slows down cell renewal and reduces the activity of the Malassezia fungus, by suppressing its reproduction. This product can bleach blonde, gray or chemically colored hair, so use it only as directed and rinse your hair well after washing.
Physiotherapy for the treatment of dandruff
Cryomassage This procedure is based on exposure of the scalp to low temperatures. The procedure is carried out as follows: the hair is divided into partings and the skin is carefully treated with cotton swabs, which are dipped in a liquid nitrogen. The duration of the course is ten procedures. Thanks to the procedure, the vessels of the scalp are successively compressed and expanded, contributing to the improvement of microcirculation and nutrition. hair follicles. Also, as a result of exposure to low temperatures, the protective functions of the body and immunity are strengthened, the endocrine system is stimulated, and metabolic processes are activated. As a result of increased immunity, the activity of fungi that cause dandruff is blocked. In addition, after cryomassage, medicinal preparations are better absorbed. But you should be careful when choosing a specialist who will carry out the procedure, as liquid nitrogen can burn the scalp. If during cryomassage you feel a burning sensation, inform the doctor about it. The procedure is recommended to take place in late autumn and early spring, when the immune system is especially weakened. Warning: the entire course of treatment should not exceed 10 procedures, if more are done, liquid nitrogen dries out the skin, which makes the sebaceous glands work more actively, the pores become clogged and as a result you have dandruff again, so it is better to repeat the course of treatment after month.
Darsonvalization scalp using a comb vacuum electrode. The procedure is carried out as follows: the comb electrode is smoothly and slowly moved over the head from the forehead to the back of the head, and if the hair is short, then the procedure can be carried out in the opposite direction. The duration of the procedure is approximately 10 minutes. The course is 10-15 procedures. There is a change in physico-chemical processes in tissues, improvement of blood circulation and metabolic processes. Helps cleanse the scalp from dandruff scales, heal scratches and wounds. Decreases sebum production. Currents of Darsonval also have a calming effect on the central nervous system, which also contributes to its treatment, since this disease is also a psychological problem. In addition, the absorption capacity of the skin increases, therefore, after the procedure, a healing lotion or anti-dandruff balm is rubbed into the scalp.
Dandruff Prevention
I would like to note that it is much easier and cheaper to follow preventive measures than to treat dandruff. Especially prevention is necessary for people who are at risk. Prevention before, will get rid of treatment after .
1. sunlight can help get rid of dandruff. But remember that you can’t stay in the sun for a long time, this can lead to skin diseases. Just a few minutes in the sun is enough and at the same time protect the rest of the body with clothing and sunscreen.
Another warning: some anti-dandruff preparations containing tar can increase the sensitivity of the scalp to ultraviolet light. Therefore, carefully read the instructions for any contraindications.
2. Increase in air humidity . It is believed that the decrease in humidity in the air (both outdoors and indoors) in winter can lead to dry skin, which in turn will cause dandruff.
One of the most simple ways increase the humidity is to buy a humidifier. Ideally, a humidifier should be in all living rooms. The humidifier must be carefully maintained so that it does not become a breeding ground for bacteria and mold.
3. Less stress . Many experts believe that stress can cause dandruff or worsen the condition. But as everyone knows, reducing stress is easier said than done. Here are some tips:
- Work on a positive attitude.
- Learn to manage time.
Use breathing and meditation techniques.
Spend more time on hobbies and recreation.
- Maintain physical activity.
- Avoid excessive consumption of sugar and caffeine.
- Seek support from friends, relatives, spiritual mentors.
4. Diet food . Diet has a big impact on skin and hair health. Therefore, to prevent dandruff, eat foods that contain zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, selenium and vitamins. Zinc: oysters, red meat, poultry, legumes, nuts, crab, lobster, whole grains, dairy products and fortified cereals. Omega 3 fatty acids: Cold water fish such as salmon and halibut, walnuts, flaxseed, canola oil, broccoli, beans, spinach, grapes, cauliflower, kiwi and melons. vitamins: eggs, fish, milk, whole grain bread, legumes, broccoli, cabbage, potatoes and lean beef.
To prevent dry skin drink more water and eat more fruit.
5.Limit the amount of hair styling products . All hair styling products (sprays, lotions, creams and gels) help to style your hair, but they can also cause dandruff. These products can build up on the scalp, and also lead to increased oiliness and sensitivity of the scalp, resulting in itching and flaking.
If you can’t completely give up styling products, then reduce their amount to a minimum and be sure to wash your hair before going to bed. If you have a tendency to get dandruff, try washing your hair every day as a preventive measure.
6. Better not use other people's hygiene products and headwear.
7. For prevention once every 2 weeks wash your comb with shampoo or soap. If you use a wooden comb, it must be replaced after 2 months.
8. The head should not be wet for too long as high humidity promotes the growth of fungus.
9. Very a good remedy for the prevention of dandruff is raw egg shampoo . To prepare it, take 2-3 eggs, add a little water and beat. Apply to the scalp and massage with massaging movements for 3-5 minutes, rinse with warm water.
10. Scalp massage can be carried out with oils, table salt or without them. The scalp must be massaged with all fingers, while making circular movements. This helps to improve blood circulation and nutrition of the hair. Duration 5-10 minutes.