Dandruff - causes and treatment. Causes and treatment of dandruff on the head: what can be done Internal causes of dandruff

seborrhea. A disease caused by dysfunction of the sebaceous glands.

Seborrhea affects not only the scalp, but also other parts of the body. Consider the main factors from which dandruff appears on the head in women.

Heredity. Seborrhea can be genetically programmed and passed down from generation to generation.

Reception hormonal drugs . Uncontrolled intake of hormonal drugs for mental disorders, stress. The use of contraceptives, the use of steroids during sports, drugs for weight loss.

Diseases. The presence of seborrhea signals problems with the ovaries, the formation of a large amount of male hormones in the blood.

It may be a harbinger of neoplasms in the organs of the genitourinary system or accompany epilepsy, nervous disorders, Parkinson's disease.

Weakened immunity. Diseases thyroid gland, diabetes, chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract, long-term use of drugs leads to a malfunction in the body, weakening its protective functions.

Hormonal disbalance. V childhood glands that produce sebaceous secret, practically do not function. V adolescence adulthood, puberty occurs. The level of hormones increases, they give impetus to the activation of the sebaceous glands.

Frequent use of electric heaters. Hair dryer, hair straightener, curling irons and other devices, when used systematically, dry out hair and scalp.

Wrong hair care products. Shampoos, gels, rinses must be suitable for a certain type of hair.

Hair coloring. No matter how much manufacturers write about the use of natural ingredients to create coloring agents, practice confirms the opposite. The chemicals that make up the dyes have a negative effect on the skin.

masks. Homemade masks using various means to improve hair growth (tincture of pepper, vitamins) can do more harm than good.

Lack of knowledge, the desire to get a quick effect lead to mistakes, which can result in dandruff.

Improper nutrition. The use of fatty, smoked, fried foods, lack of vegetables and fruits, a large amount of sweets.

Stress, overwork, heavy physical exertion.

Impact of external factors. Unfavorable weather conditions, polluted atmosphere.

signs

Clinical signs of seborrhea. , each of which has its own clinical picture of development.

. The sebaceous glands work hard, a large amount of sebaceous secretion is produced, the skin and hair become shiny, greasy. The resulting dandruff is large, oily, multi-layered. The sebaceous glands become clogged, bacterial infection begins, which leads to purulent inflammation of the deep layers of the skin. Complications: seborrheic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis.
. The sebaceous glands reduce the production of sebum. The skin dries out and cracks. Hair becomes brittle, dry, split ends. Dandruff is small, dry. , aggravated after shampooing. Complications: red skin spots on the affected area (seborrhea), fungal skin lesions.
Seborrhea mixed type. Combines Clinical signs both types.

Clinical signs of dandruff. Dermal the integument is dehydrated, the skin dries out. Changes (shortens) the natural cycle of separation of skin scales.

In a normal state, the process of skin renewal occurs in 30 days, with the appearance of dandruff - 7 days. Complications: hair becomes brittle and dry. Skin itches, reddens.

Important! Only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and distinguish a cosmetic defect from a serious disease. Do not self-medicate, consult a doctor.

What to do, who to contact?

If no one in your family had seborrhea, dandruff appeared for the first time, you can try to get rid of it.

If the symptoms worsen, there is no result from the treatment, doctor's consultation required.

Often the question arises as to which doctor to contact. Everyone recommends a trichologist.

If you live in Moscow, you should look for it. In all other cases you should consult a dermatologist. The doctor will conduct an examination and prescribe treatment.

How to deal with dandruff in women?

Shampoos

Of these, decoctions are prepared for rinsing hair.

Lotions based on vegetable oils, berries, fruits using mustard, yeast, and bee products are also very popular.

Use is possible only if the diagnosis is accurately established. It is not possible to cure seborrhea with decoctions and herbs.. But you can lose time and bring the disease to a chronic state.

Complex treatment

Treatment of seborrhea (dandruff) includes a whole range of activities. It is not enough to solve the problem with the external manifestations of the disease, it is important to treat the cause of the disease.

A dermatologist, after conducting an examination and establishing an accurate diagnosis, will prescribe a treatment.

Tableted antifungal medicines.
Antihistamines drugs.
Topical remedies ( shampoos, lotions).
Preparations for the stabilization of hormones.
Immunomodulators(dietary supplements, vitamin complexes).
Physiotherapy:
- laser puncture;
- electroporation;
- magnetotherapy;
- darsonvalization;
- cryo massage.

If dandruff is a consequence of cosmetic errors, they must be eliminated. Otherwise, the treatment will not work.

Useful video

TV show about the causes of dandruff:

Prevention

In order for dandruff not to cause you problems, you need to follow simple rules.

Lead a healthy lifestyle.
To refuse from bad habits.
Monitor nutrition and weight.
Observe the rules of hygiene.
At the first symptoms of the disease, consult a doctor.

The rules are not complicated, it is not difficult to follow them. But your beauty and health depend on them.

Dandruff is easy to spot and easy to treat. A seemingly harmless disease can lead to serious consequences up to hair loss. The causes of dandruff on the head in women, methods of prevention and treatment, taking into account the type of hair, we will analyze below.

What causes dandruff in women

Dandruff occurs for various reasons. Women who have discovered signs of it in themselves, the first thing they rush to change shampoo: television advertising inspires that this is the only thing. The wrong shampoo can really cause dandruff, but this is just one of the causes. possible causes her appearance.

Dandruff can be the result of improper hair and scalp care. For example, washing your hair too infrequently or doing it the wrong way causes problems in the same way as inappropriate cosmetics.

In addition, dandruff may appear from exposure high temperature. Passion for hot drying, electric tongs and washing hair with hot water can have unpleasant consequences for beauty.

Another common cause is temperature fluctuations. The habit of walking in winter without a hat, visiting a steam room without protection on your head can lead to an unpleasant result.

The appearance of dandruff can be a symptom indicating a serious problem in the body. This includes skin lesions with yeast fungi, impaired blood circulation in the skin, improper diet, poor in vitamins and trace elements.

Dandruff can appear in women during hormonal disruptions and changes: puberty or pregnancy.

The first signs of the appearance

It is generally accepted that a symptom of dandruff is the appearance of white flakes in the hair and on dark clothes. But if you listen to your feelings, the trouble can be recognized and prevented in time, and not deal with the consequences.

The most visible sign of a coming problem:

. It cannot appear just like that, it was provoked by some kind of irritant. In some cases, a woman knows that her head is itchy after coloring or applying some kind of hair mask. Itching in a certain place can be caused by a mosquito bite. If there is irritation of unknown origin, the cause may be dandruff.
Redness on the skin for no apparent reason.
Feeling of dryness, tightness, desire to moisturize the skin.
Unusual need to touch the head, scratch, rub, protracted combing of the hair.
With oily seborrhea, the hair is quickly polluted, greasy appears, the scalp looks like a lemon peel with clogged pores.
Hair falls out more than usual, evenly over the entire skin or in separate areas;
improper functioning of the hair follicles leads to a deterioration in the appearance of the hair, they become dull, brittle and lifeless.

What are the consequences for the scalp and hair if dandruff treatment is not started in a timely manner

The disease should not be left to chance. Hoping that itching will go away on its own, and white scales are not a reason to skip work for a visit to the doctor, can be a fatal mistake. Irritation can turn into inflammation, the follicles will be damaged. Separate parts of the head will be covered with scar tissue, in which there will be no hair follicles. These areas of baldness cannot be easily restored and cause psychological discomfort.

Glycolic acid chemical peel

Simple and effective remedy fight against dandruff - peeling of the scalp. This proven method is still surprising, it is believed that it is intended to refresh the skin of the face and body.

For the scalp, this procedure shows excellent results, regulates the activity of the sebaceous glands, improves the functioning of the hair follicles. More and more cosmetologists include this service in their prices, as it gave excellent results in the treatment of baldness and dandruff.

The skin on the head needs periodic cleansing of the dead epidermis. Washing the head, especially the wrong one, does not cope with this task. The task of peeling is to free the skin from the layer of dead epidermis, the remnants of cosmetics and the secretion of the sebaceous glands. Thanks to this procedure, cleansed skin responds well to the subsequent application of masks, balms, wraps and other healing and healing procedures.

Chemical peeling can be done in the salon no more than once a week. To do this, a composition of acids is applied to cleansed skin. They have a positive effect on the structure of the hair itself. After neutralizing the composition for the hair, a mask is made, then washed off and dried. There are few contraindications for this procedure: sensitivity or allergy to the drug, pregnancy and lactation, neoplasms, fungal infections and skin lesions.

The best dandruff shampoos for women

It is not always possible to go to the doctor at the first sign of dandruff. In most cases, changing care products allows you to forget about minor troubles. Having chosen from dandruff for women, you can look at the response and, if necessary, try other methods.

Nizoral. Treats lichen and fungal infections, seborrheic dermatitis. It has a healing effect on any part of the body. Nizoral shampoo gets great reviews on most independent sites. If the cause of seborrhea is a fungal infection, shampoo will help.

Advice: masters in salons work without gloves. They can carry fungus on their hands despite having a sterile instrument. After a visit to the salon, you can use shampoo for prevention.

Anti-dandruff shampoo Algopix. The composition of the shampoo includes time-tested components: microalgae, tar, salicylic acid. The tool is used three times a week. After application, the head is massaged and the shampoo is left for 10 minutes. Important! Tar in the composition can unpredictably change the color of blond or bleached hair. Do not use for children.

Anti-dandruff shampoo "Instant clear l'oreal professionnel". The manufacturer offers this shampoo to owners of normal and oily hair. Its therapeutic effect is based on the zinc that is part of it. Users note its rapid impact on the problem, cost-effectiveness and pleasant packaging.

Effective ointments

A simple remedy for treatment is dandruff ointment. Their recipes have long been tried and tested, they have a low price and are very convenient to apply. They do not flow, do not dry out, application in specific areas is possible.

Salicylic ointment - fights inflammation thanks to the composition with salicylic acid. Dries, destroys bacterial and fungal infections. For the head, you need to choose compositions with an acid content of not more than 5%. The ointment is applied to clean, dry scalp for 15 minutes, washed off with shampoo. After the course, lipid metabolism normalizes, itching disappears, dandruff disappears. The tool accelerates the regeneration of the skin.

Zinc ointment– suitable for everyone, gives the best results with oily hair. Zinc oxides in the composition soothe irritated skin, dry and destroy fungal infections. Leaves a protective film on the skin. The ointment is applied for an hour, you can apply several times a day.

Pasta Sulsena- deservedly considered the best remedy from dandruff. The composition with selenium disulfide can be used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent. The paste is applied to washed and dried hair for 10 minutes, it is easily washed off. The paste dries the skin, reduces the activity of the sebaceous glands.

Folk remedies for dandruff

ethnoscience has accumulated vast experience in preserving youth and beauty. Dandruff treatment folk remedies described on the pages of ancient herbalists and family collections useful tips. They work great in modern conditions, are simple, free and have no contraindications.

Burdock oil comes to mind first. The effect of burdock oil on the scalp is not limited to seborrhea: metabolism is normalized, hair growth is enhanced, the scalp is saturated with useful substances. A significant amount of inulin in the composition cleanses the skin. Need to know what Burr oil not squeezed out of the plant. A useful drug is macerate, an oil extract from burdock roots. You can prepare it yourself by pouring dried chopped roots with oil suitable for your skin type. 3-4 weeks and the oil is ready for use. You can enhance the effect of the extract if you add suitable herbs to the burdock root: horsetail, rosemary, sage, oak bark;
Infusion or decoction of nettle. A glass of fresh or dried herbs is poured with six glasses of boiling water and left in a water bath for 20 minutes. Rinse your hair with this product after washing;

Popular masks

Popular and fast funds good, but expensive or difficult to use. More and more women are looking closely at what is in their own kitchen: masks for dandruff on the head can be prepared from the usual products that are in every kitchen. They are easy to prepare, they do not require significant expenses or trips to the forest for medicinal raw materials. They are easy to use and easy to wash off with water or a drop of shampoo.

In the kitchen there are dried herbs: chamomile, yarrow, tea leaves. In the refrigerator you can find olive oil, apricot kernel oil, willow or oak bark, honey, vinegar, vodka, sea salt, starch, kefir. These and many other products can be used to restore hair health.

Herbal mask for oily skin heads

In a coffee grinder, grind a tablespoon of chamomile herbs and. You can replace these herbs with yarrow and others. The powder is mixed with a tablespoon of kefir and left in a warm place until the grass swells.

The mixture is applied to washed and towel-dried hair under a plastic cap, rinsed head after half an hour. The mask is done twice a week. Duration of application can be up to six months.

Honey mask for dry scalp

To get rid of infections, reduce tightness, dryness and flaking, add a tablespoon of olive oil or three drops of sage oil to a tablespoon of honey. The mixture is heated in a water bath and beat until the honey is completely melted.

Apply to clean dry hair. After a small massage, the hair in the mask is hidden under a cap for half an hour, then washed off with shampoo. Use twice a week, after two weeks on the third skin you need to rest.

Essential oils for dandruff

More and more research proves the benefits of plant essential oils not only as flavoring agents, but also as medicinal agents. Esters contain volatile substances that easily and quickly penetrate the skin, nourishing and improving its condition. A couple of drops of quality essential oil can replace complex recipes for healthy potions. Essential oils for dandruff and itching of the head are a new trend in cosmetology, available to any woman who wants to restore her beauty.

The simplest solution is to add essential oil in shampoo. Do not pour a whole bottle into a shampoo bottle - it can mediocrely disappear from under the cap. It is optimal to drip esters into a portion of shampoo immediately before use.

For dry scalp esters of lavender, lemon, geranium, rosemary and bergamot are suitable, as well as their combinations.

10 ml of shampoo, 4 drops of tea tree ether and 4 drops of geranium ester.
4 drops lavender, 2 lemons and 2 geraniums.

Essential oils for oily skin: eucalyptus, thyme, rosemary oil. Geranium, lemon, bergamot and tea tree are just as good for oily skin as they are for dry skin.

5 drops of geranium oil and 5 drops of lemon.
3 drops of geranium, a drop of tea tree, 3 bergamot and 3 lavender.

The general principle is 8-12 drops of suitable oils with a scent that you like. After application, the skin is massaged for several minutes, then washed off. Adding a conditioner to the balm is also possible, but the smell of the hair will be more persistent.

Disease prevention

In order to avoid the appearance of white flakes on dark clothes, you need to follow simple rules: Refusal of other people's hats, combs, contact with strangers help avoid infection.

In the process of treating dandruff, it is important to wash combs and wash hats to avoid re-infection.

Attentive attitude to health is likely to prevent the problem.

A thoughtful diet, timely hygiene, regular visits to the doctor - all this affects appearance no less than expensive cosmetics and complex hairstyles.

Interesting Facts

According to statistics, dandruff is most often observed in young people from 14 to 25 years.
In 1874, French anatomist and histologist Louis Charles Malasse discovered an unknown fungus in dandruff using a microscope. This discovery made it possible to identify one of the causes of dandruff.
90% of people suffering from seborrhea and dandruff also have problems with the gastrointestinal tract ( gastrointestinal tract).
According to statistics, every second person at least once in his life had problems with dandruff.

The structure of the skin and skin appendages

The skin serves as a barrier between the environment and the human body.

The main functions of the skin are:

thermoregulation (heat is consumed and released);
protective (protects the body from chemical and mechanical influences);
excretory (exudes sebum, water and decay products);
immune (T-lymphocytes and Langerhans cells fight infection in the skin);
respiratory (skin takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide);
resorption (the skin is able to absorb various medicinal and cosmetic products).

The skin is made up of the following layers:

epidermis;
dermis;
hypodermis ( subcutaneous fat).

Epidermis

The epidermis is the surface layer of the skin, in which there is a continuous reproduction of new cells and keratinization of old ones.

The epidermis contains the following types of cells:

keratinocytes- produce keratin;
Langerhans cells- macrophages that perform a protective function;
melanocytes- produce melanin;
Merkel cells- tactile cells.

Description of the layers of the epidermis

Layer name	Layer Description
*Basal*	The basal layer consists of a single row of cells that are located directly on the border with the dermis. The cells of this layer are characterized by the fact that they continuously multiply, forming new skin cells. Also, the cells of the basal layer contain the pigment melanin, which determines the color of the skin, protects it from the influence of ultraviolet rays and causes a tanning effect. The existing Merkel cells in the basal layer are involved in the implementation of skin sensitivity.
*prickly*	In the spinous layer, the cells are arranged in three to eight rows. A feature of this layer is that new skin cells formed in the basal layer are fastened here with cytoplasmic outgrowths.
*Grainy*	The granular layer consists of one to five rows of closely adjacent cells. After the spiny layer, the cells, held together by special outgrowths, begin the process of keratinization here. This layer also contains epidermal macrophages - these are cells whose main function is to fight infection that enters the skin.
*Brilliant*	The shiny layer is observed on such areas of the body as the palms and feet, where the epidermis layer is quite dense. Also in this layer, the process of keratinization of epithelial cells continues.
*Horny*	The stratum corneum is in direct contact with the environment and performs a barrier function, preventing the penetration of microbes into the skin. This layer consists of keratinized cells, tightly adjacent to each other and containing keratin ( protein substance).

Renewal of the upper layers of the skin on the head through the imperceptible exfoliation of dead cells occurs every three to four weeks, which is a normal physiological process. In people suffering from dandruff, the rate of cell death increases due to the increased production of new skin cells, that is, in the stratum corneum, the process of cell keratinization is significantly enhanced. As a result, dead cells accumulate, and their frequent exfoliation occurs. For this reason, dry dandruff develops in most cases.

Dermis

The dermis is represented by connective tissue and consists of two layers.

This layer of the skin contains sebaceous glands, the increased work of which makes it difficult to exfoliate dead skin cells from the surface of the skin, which can later lead to the formation of dandruff. Sebum, not allowing already dead skin particles to fall off, eventually leads to the formation of conglomerates ( sticky pieces of keratinized skin). For this reason, oily dandruff develops in most cases.

Hypodermis

Subcutaneous fat is represented by fatty accumulations and connective tissue. This layer provides mobile attachment of the skin to organs and tissues, and also creates additional protection of the body from mechanical damage.

Skin appendages

Skin appendages include:

Sebaceous glands. They produce a secret - sebum, which lubricates the hair and protects the skin.
Sweat glands. They release water and decay products, and are also an important component in the process of thermoregulation.
Hair. They are derivatives of the epidermis and cover almost the entire body.
Nails. The nail bed is covered by the nail plate, which consists of horny substance.

Causes of dandruff

The main reasons for the development of dandruff are:

violation of the glands of the skin;
hormonal imbalance;
fungus;

Violation of the glands of the skin

Violation of the glands of the skin can occur due to the following reasons:

Nervous stress. Excitement provokes increased productivity of the sebaceous glands.
Heavy and fatty foods. Leads to a change in the composition of sebum.
Hot food. Hot causes a rush of blood to the stomach, resulting in increased work of the sebaceous glands and skin.
Hormonal disbalance. It entails a change in the work of the sebaceous glands, as well as a change in the consistency of sebum.

These factors, increasing the work of the sebaceous glands, contribute to the formation or exacerbation of dandruff.

Hormonal imbalance

The skin-hair complex consists of the hair follicle, sebaceous and sweat glands, which secrete lubrication ( sebum), which helps exfoliate dead skin particles. An increase in androgen levels ( a group of hormones produced by the testes and ovaries) in men or women provokes an increase in sebum production. These violations lead to a change in the quality of sebum, which ceases to be fluid, but becomes thicker.

Thick sebum provokes gluing of keratinized skin particles, preventing them from falling off, which subsequently leads to their exfoliation in layers ( dandruff).
A violation of the secretion and a change in the consistency of sebum can lead to the development of a disease such as seborrhea.

With seborrhea, the following symptoms can be observed:

itching of the scalp;
rashes on the skin in the form of redness, covered with greasy or dry scales that are capable of merging;
pustules on the scalp.

Also, the causes of seborrhea can be:

diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
endocrine disorders;
hypovitaminosis;
the presence of chronic foci of infection in the body.

Fungus

Human skin is covered with an invisible water-lipid lubricant that has an acidic environment. This lubricant protects the body from many microbes that sit on the surface of the skin, destroying them. However, if these microbes enter the skin, the process of rejection begins, that is, the body begins to intensively produce sebum. This protective mechanism makes it difficult for the scales to peel off the surface of the skin, which subsequently leads to dandruff.

With an increase in sebum production, fungi play an important role ( Pityrosporum Ovale), which normally live on the surface of the skin, in this period they begin to multiply and grow with greater intensity. The sensitivity of the scalp becomes aggravated to the waste products of the fungus, which results in fungal infection skin. Subsequently, the fungi, covered with sebum and dead scales, form plaques, which, when peeled off, cause itching and constant dandruff.

Normally, 45% of the fungal flora is located on the surface of the human head, however, if the sebaceous glands are disturbed this indicator can increase up to 70%.

It should be noted that these fungi have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the skin, since they are involved in maintaining its microflora, protecting it from the penetration of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Fungi also maintain a normal pH ( acid-base balance) skin.

Skin diseases

Dandruff, for example, can be early sign psoriasis. This disease is autoimmune and consists in the fact that one's own immune cells ( macrophages) affect the superficial layers of the skin, causing their necrosis. This phenomenon leads to exfoliation of the skin in large layers in the form of dandruff. However, there are differences that allow you to quickly determine the presence of psoriasis in a person, for example, the appearance of psoriatic plaques of a reddish color.

Predisposing factors

There are also predisposing factors that can trigger the development of dandruff.

Endogenous factors:

beriberi ( e.g. vitamin A deficiency);
decrease in the body's defenses ( for example, after acute respiratory viral infection(SARS));
intestinal dysbacteriosis e.g. after treatment with antibiotics);
genetic predisposition ( if parents have dandruff).

Exogenous factors:

washing your hair daily with the wrong shampoo ( the natural lubricant that coats the scalp is washed off);
regular use of a hot air dryer leads to overdrying of the skin ( the hair dryer should be kept at a distance of 30 cm from the hair and use a gentle setting);
frequent stress ( stimulate the sebaceous glands);
smoking ( chemicals found in tobacco help to weaken the body's defenses);
lack of vitamins and minerals in the body can lead to dry skin or increased sebaceous glands);
chronic fatigue ( leads to a weakening of the immune system);
frequent hair coloring leads to damage and development of dry skin).

In what areas is dandruff more common?

Most often, dandruff appears on the scalp in the occipital-parietal region, since in this place there is an increased secretion of sebum. Also, the occurrence of dandruff in this area may be due to an increase in the number of the fungus Pityrosporum Ovale. This fungus is opportunistic and is asymptomatic on the skin in most people ( in those places where the greatest accumulation of sebaceous glands occurs).

Also, dandruff can be observed in the following areas:

brows;
eyelashes;
armpit;
pubis.

What is dandruff?

Dandruff is made up of dead skin cells that, due to excessive exfoliation, appear as greyish-white flakes.

Normally, a person undergoes a process of death of a certain number of skin cells within a month. In people suffering from dandruff, this process is observed much more often, approximately every ten days. This is due to a decrease or, conversely, an increase in sebum production.

Depending on the type of hair, dandruff is usually divided into two types:

dry dandruff;
oily dandruff.

Dry dandruff

oily dandruff

Dandruff treatment

Currently, there is a wide range of drugs for dandruff, however, it should be noted that such drugs must be selected individually, depending on clinical picture and causes of dandruff.

The products used in the masks below have the following healing properties:

Egg yolk contains beta-keratin, rich in fatty acids that deeply nourish and moisturize the scalp.
Olive oil nourishes and moisturizes the skin.
Lemon juice stabilizes the sebaceous glands and acid-base balance, also has a keratolytic effect, helping to exfoliate dead skin particles.
Kefir. The composition of kefir includes vitamins of group B, A, calcium and protein, which moisturize, nourish the scalp, and also strengthen the hair roots.
Castor oil moisturizes and strengthens hair, promotes skin exfoliation.

To prepare the mask, you need to take one egg yolk, a tablespoon of olive oil, one teaspoon of honey and one teaspoon of lemon juice. All ingredients must be thoroughly mixed and then rubbed into the scalp along the parting lines. After applying the mask, the head should be covered with a cap and kept for forty minutes, after which it is necessary to wash the head. This mask It is recommended to apply twice a week for one month.

To prepare the mask, you will need four tablespoons of kefir, one tablespoon of olive oil and one egg yolk. All ingredients must be thoroughly mixed, and then applied to the scalp ( before washing hair) and leave for an hour and a half. This mask should be applied twice a week for one and a half to two months.

In two egg yolks, add one tablespoon of castor oil and lemon juice, then mix thoroughly. The prepared mask should be applied to the scalp ( before washing hair) for one hour twice a week. The duration of treatment is one to one and a half months.

Lotions

It is necessary to mix salicylic acid ( two grams), Castor oil ( five grams) and vodka ( one hundred grams). The prepared lotion should be applied to the scalp for one and a half to two hours before washing your hair. This remedy should be used every other day until complete recovery.
Birch tar ( five grams), Castor oil ( ten grams) and vodka ( one hundred grams) should be mixed and applied to the skin two hours before shampooing. This lotion should be applied two to three times a week until complete recovery.

These products will help eliminate oiliness, itching of the head, and will also help exfoliate the skin.

Decoctions

Decoction name	Therapeutic action	Cooking method	Application
*beetroot juice*	rich in vitamin C, beta-carotene, reduces inflammation	It is necessary to boil the beets, after which the resulting beetroot juice should be rinsed with hair.	This decoction should be used two to three times a week for a month.
*Nettle decoction*	contains vitamin A and E, strengthens hair, normalizes the sebaceous glands	Add two tablespoons of dry nettle to 400 ml hot water and put on a slow fire for fifteen to twenty minutes. After boiling, the broth must be filtered and cooled.	Rinse your hair with the prepared product after washing your hair twice a week. The duration of treatment is one to two months.
*Decoction of calendula*	eliminates dandruff, strengthens hair, reduces oiliness of hair	Two tablespoons of calendula must be poured with 400 ml of hot water, then put on a slow fire for fifteen minutes. After cooking, the resulting broth must be filtered and cooled.	Ready decoction should rinse your hair after washing your hair once or twice a week for one to one and a half months.

Dandruff Prevention

There are the following methods of dandruff prevention:

hygiene of the scalp;
protection of the scalp from the effects of high and low temperatures;
diet and drinking plenty of water;
stress prevention and immunity strengthening.

Hygiene of the scalp

To maintain the hygiene of the skin and hair, the following recommendations must be observed:

remember that such items and personal items as a comb, washcloth, as well as hats are intended exclusively for individual use;
it is necessary to keep all personal hygiene items clean and replace them as they wear out;
shampoos and cosmetics should be selected according to the type of hair;
it is recommended to wash your hair as it gets dirty;
it is not recommended to wash your hair with very hot water, as heat contributes to increased production of sebum;
while drying hair, it is necessary to set the sparing mode on the devices ( warm air).

As a preventive measure, it is recommended to use the following remedies for dandruff:

Shampoo Nizoral. This product contains an antifungal agent ( ketoconazole).

Note: any preventive shampoos should be used no more than once every two weeks.

Sulsena paste 2%. The composition of the paste includes a sulfur compound, as well as useful additives, due to which the function of fatty secretion of the skin is normalized. The paste must be rubbed in a circular motion into the hair roots. After a ten-minute break, the product should be washed off with warm water. The procedure is recommended to be carried out once a week.

Note: Wash your hair with shampoo before applying the paste.

Protecting the scalp from high and low temperatures

Heat and direct sunlight are the same as cold and negatively affect the condition of the scalp, thereby provoking the occurrence of dandruff. As a preventive measure in this case, it is recommended to wear seasonal hats.

Diet and drinking plenty of water

High-quality and nutritious nutrition plays a key role in the prevention of many skin diseases, including dandruff.

To avoid any pathological changes on the part of the skin, it is recommended to use those foods that contain a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals.

Vitamins and minerals	Food	having an effect
*Vitamin B6*	walnuts fish, liver, bananas	Protects the skin from adverse effects environment and also help to moisturize the skin.
*Vitamin PP*	cheese, tomatoes, cabbage	Restores the protective functions of the skin.
*Zinc*	nuts, seeds, beef	Participates in the process of renewal of skin cells.
*Calcium*	legumes, greens, dairy and sour-milk products	Participates in the secretion of the sebaceous glands With a lack of calcium, the elasticity of the skin decreases.

It is also necessary to reduce the intake of those foods that can contribute to dandruff. For example, fatty, sweet, spicy and salty foods.

As for drinking plenty of water, this is due to the fact that a sufficient amount of fluid entering the body contributes to the normalization of metabolism.

Prevention of stress and strengthening of immunity

Weak immunity and stressful situations can negatively affect the work of the sebaceous glands, as well as the quality of the skin, making it drier. These factors can contribute to the development of dandruff. Based on this, stressful situations should be avoided and, if possible, spend as much free time in the fresh air as possible.

“Snow” on the head or a white coating that can be found under the nails if you scratch your head causes few pleasant emotions. Dandruff is often overlooked, believing that white or yellowish flakes are caused by the wrong shampoo, and as soon as you change the brand of detergent, everything will work out. Is it so?

Dandruff: features

Dandruff is a syndrome that causes intense exfoliation of the scalp scales for a long time (the desquamation of dead cells is disturbed). Dead particles may be white, yellow or grayish in color. Most often, dandruff appears in young boys and girls from 14 to 25 years old.

The main factors that cause dandruff are:

daily stress;
High-calorie, fatty food, fast food, too spicy or hot food (provokes increased production of sebaceous glands);
Hormonal failures, menopause;
Avitaminosis;
Heredity;
Weakened the immune system after viral diseases.

Additional, but important factors include the frequent use of curling irons, hair dryers, the choice of low-quality shampoos or mousses (it is important to select products depending on skin type), as well as prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or an overdose of drugs. If dandruff is chronic, then the reason lies in the failure of the gastrointestinal tract. Any digestive problems, such as a violation of the intestinal microflora or dysbacteriosis, lead to the formation of scales. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are the most common cause that causes a "snow" attack, but there are other reasons - developing psoriasis, skin fungus, a mild form of seborrhea (malfunctions in the functioning of the skin glands), which can turn into seborrheic dermatitis.

Failure of the hormonal background due to a sharp increase in the level of androgen - a hormone in the ovaries, occurs due to the large production of fat. Sebum thickens, keratinized scales stick together and fall off in layers. If you do not pay attention to the problem, you can provoke the development of seborrhea.

seborrhea

The disharmony caused by seborrhea violates the chemical composition of the skin secretion and the production of sebum (increasing or, conversely, reducing the amount of sebaceous secretions) and simultaneously disrupting metabolism. There are oily seborrhea - when the hair has a greasy, greasy appearance, the strands often stick together, and the scalp is shiny and periodically covered with abscesses, and dry seborrhea - when the hair is brittle, dull and lifeless, the scalp is dry, irritated. Dry dandruff consists of small white particles that can be not only on the head, but also sprinkle on eyebrows, eyelashes and even the pubic area. When moving, keratinized cells can litter clothes, falling on the shoulders (traces of dandruff are especially clearly visible on black clothes). The oily appearance of dandruff resembles yellowish, purulent pellets glued together. Hair gets greasy very quickly, even if you washed your hair an hour ago. Symptoms of seborrhea: rash, ulcers on the skin, burning and itching skin, hair fall out.

If the scalp is affected by a fungus, outgrowths form from skin scales that cause discomfort - itching or burning with each scratching. The main reason why the fungus occurs is insufficient production of sebaceous glands, poor nutrition, lack of vitamins (in particular vitamin A). Fungal flora can increase up to 70% instead of the optimal 45%.

Treatment

The first thing to do is to give up perm, hair coloring, the use of gel, varnish or foam, as well as cosmetic sparkles. Any products containing chemicals can provoke even more irritation of the skin. Reconsider your lifestyle - perhaps it's time to adjust your diet, give up alcohol and cigarettes. Alcohol greatly affects thermoregulation - the abuse of drinks and excess dose accelerates the work of the sebaceous glands, which negatively affects the entire body. You can give your hair freshness or change the tone a little with the help of natural remedies - henna or basma. If dandruff does not go away, or is observed in too large quantities, it is necessary to consult a specialist - a trichologist. After the examination, physiotherapy, cryomassage, darsonvalization, hirudotherapy can be prescribed. Treatment with leeches is very popular and effective, you can learn more about hirudotherapy.

Popular shampoos and ointments

"Nizoral" (contains the active substance ketoconazole). Kills fungi, treats seborrheic dermatitis, lichen. Already after 1 use, burning and itching are reduced. Hair washing is carried out three times a week, for a month or two weeks.

"Perhotal" - more cheap analogue. Hair wash - twice a week.

"Bioderma Node DS" - suitable for the treatment of diseases such as psoriasis, dermatitis, effectively removes dandruff, fungus. In the composition of ichthyol, salicylic acid, seaweed extract (kelp). Wash your hair 21 days 4 times a week.

"Paste Sulsena" inexpensive and effective, in addition to treating seborrhea, psoriasis and dandruff, restores the structure of the hair follicle, preventing its loss. The paste is applied to wet roots (immediately after shampooing), washed off after 10-15 minutes.

Sulfuric ointment. Apply the ointment on the scalp in an even layer and rub with massage movements for 4-5 minutes. The product is applied in the morning, afternoon and evening on a clean and dry head. The course of treatment is 10 days.

It is possible to use such products as Naftaderm, Sebazol, Keto Plus, Cortisone cream (relieves inflammation), Dermazol, Algopix, tar shampoo, zinc ointment (relieves inflammation), Friederm zinc, spray "Panthenol" (restores damaged tissues, relieves irritation).

Homemade recipes for dandruff

Against the fat type. Mix 2 tbsp. mustard powder with water until a viscous slurry is formed, add 2 tbsp. lemon juice. The mask is evenly distributed on the skin. It is better to wrap your head with cling film, and cover it with a towel on top. After 8-9 minutes, wash off the mask with warm water. Make sure that there is no burning sensation, at the slightest discomfort, wash off the mixture. It is worth noting that in some cases, it is the masks home cooking can cause dandruff.

Pour finely chopped burdock (1 pc.) olive oil(2 tablespoons), let the mixture brew for 14 days. You need to rub the product 2 times in 7 days, wash off after 60 minutes.

Grate the middle head of onion, transfer the odorous gruel to gauze, rub the scalp. Penetrating into the pores, onion juice will not only cure dandruff, but also accelerate hair growth. After 25-30 minutes, wash your hair with shampoo, rinse your hair with chamomile infusion.

Dandruff on the head (lat. Squamae) is dead skin particles. Peeling off for a long time, particles can become a problem. It's good that they are designed to deal with them. medications and folk methods. Scales are found in different thicknesses and shapes: layered, leaf-shaped, pityriasis, as well as different colors: yellowish, whitish, grayish-silver.

Seborrhea is a disease whose symptom is dandruff. It is characterized by dysfunction sebaceous glands, which causes a decrease or increase in the production of sebum, as well as a change in its chemical composition. The appearance of the disease is explained by external and internal causes. The external ones are:

Incorrect care.
Overdrying of the skin due to the use of ironing and hair dryer.
Abuse cosmetics: gels, paints, varnishes.
Violation of personal hygiene: the use by several people of one comb, hairpins, scissors.

The main internal cause is dysfunction of the sebaceous glands. It can be caused by several factors:

Metabolic disease.
Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
Failure in the pancreas or thyroid glands.
Fungus.
Heredity, features of the structure of the skin.

The quality and quantity of secretions depend on the state of the body, gender, age, disease. The course of the disease is complicated by hypovitaminosis, chronic diseases, untimely hygiene, eating fatty or sweet foods.

During puberty, the amount of fat increases, in old age it decreases. From 14 to 25 years of age, the balance between female hormones estrogen and male androgens are disturbed, male becomes more. This causes increased oiliness of the scalp, back and face, can lead to dandruff in places, on the head, face, shoulders.

The composition of secretions in seborrhea changes due to an increased amount of fatty acids.

Types of disease

Distinguish seborrhea dry and oily. Oily is divided into liquid and thick. It often occurs in areas of the epidermis with a large number of sebaceous glands: on the scalp, on the face, on the chest and on the back.

dry form

The causative agent of the disease is the fungus Pityrosporum ovale (or Malassezia Furfur). He lives peacefully among many people without causing disturbance. It is activated under certain conditions: physical labor, reduced immunity, intense mental or psycho-emotional state, postpartum period.

Sebum is produced, but its structure changes. It becomes viscous and worse stands out. The surface of the skin looks dry, it becomes hypersensitive. Dandruff crumbles, the head begins to itch. When layering scales, yellowish, grayish or whitish sores appear. Peeling breaks the entire surface of the scalp or the region of the occiput and crown. Hair exfoliate, become brittle, thin and dry.

thick fat type

The skin is excessively dense, has a brownish-gray color, elasticity is reduced. Hair is hard and thick. In the enlarged mouths of the sebaceous ducts, a plug is formed from secretions and keratinized particles. If you squeeze the comedone, then a thick mass is released. Sometimes comedones develop into cysts (atheromas). With inflammation of atheroma, pus is released and a scar is formed.

Ingested staphylococci and streptococci can cause severe pustular complications.

Liquid fat type

The pores are enlarged, fat is secreted from them in excess. Hair has to be washed often, because for 2-3 days they seem to be oiled and hang in glued strands. Yellowish sticky scales tightly adjoin the hair. Often the disease is accompanied by itching. V rare cases baldness is possible.

Meet purulent complications more pronounced than in the dry form. hair follicles turn into pustules, when opened, they form thick honey-colored crusts. The color of the skin under the foci of infection changes.

Mixed seborrhea

With a mixed form of the disease, part of the skin is prone to oily type, part is dry. For example, the skin on the cheeks is dry, on the forehead, nose and chin is oily. There are cases of mixing liquid and thick forms of oily seborrhea. For example, facial skin has signs of oily form, hairy part heads are dry.

seborrheic alopecia

This is a complication that occurs in every fourth person if the underlying disease is not properly treated or dandruff is not treated.

Physiological seborrhea develops first: hair loss is the same, although increased sebum secretion has already begun. Sometimes the process normalizes within 2-5 years. In other cases, physiological seborrhea flows into chronic, leading to baldness.

Hair becomes thin, brittle, life span is reduced, they are replaced by vellus hair. The process is accompanied by a feeling of tightening of the skin, itching, unpleasant painful sensations.

In women, the frontal region thins more often. In men, baldness affects the temples, the back of the head, and the fronto-parietal part.

The scalp is covered with greyish-yellow greasy scales. They are easily separated by mechanical action, part remains on the hair. Under the microscope, you can see that hair follicle greatly changed. Often the changes are irreversible, so the renewal of the fallen hair does not occur. In women, seborrheic alopecia is often accompanied by menstrual irregularities.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Characterized by increased exfoliation and inflammation of the skin. The neck, ear shells, skin folds, and the eyebrow area become inflamed and itchy. Scratching increases the risk of infection. The hair is dry, thin, breaks quickly, the ends are prone to splitting.

Treatment by a trichologist

Determining the type of disease and methods of treatment is the task of a trichologist. He can find out why the disease arose, the degree of development, he will tell you how to treat dandruff.

Dandruff is a symptom, to eliminate it, it is necessary to regulate the activity of the sebaceous glands. They are located in the lower layers of the epidermis, so the treatment must be from the inside. Shampoo will help remove dandruff and oil from the surface. In addition, lotions and masks, vitamin complexes are prescribed.

For the treatment of seborrhea, the doctor prescribes medications, focusing on the active substance. In pharmacies you can find the following drugs:

Shampoos "Dermazol", "Nizoral" with ketoconazole. Used to fight fungus. Effective on initial stage, with prolonged use, addiction and reduced effectiveness are possible.
Lotion "Bifon" with bifonazole. Works similarly to ketoconazole, but stays longer on the scalp. There is no resistance to the component in fungi.
"Sulsena" with salicylic acid. The product acts against dandruff, exfoliates, prevents its formation. The cause - the fungus - is not affected.
Shampoo "Friederm" with tar. Actively exfoliates scales, is used at the initial stage, promotes cell regeneration.
Preparations with sulfur, selenium and octopyrod.

Products containing several components are preferred if there is a lot of dandruff on the head. What should I do if my doctor's visit is delayed? Folk wisdom will come to the rescue.

ethnoscience

Previous generations knew what to do if there is a lot of dandruff on the head. The medicinal components and herbs included in the recipes not only cope with an unpleasant symptom, but also strengthen the hair. In advanced cases, folk methods are used as aids..

Cosmetic procedures

Cosmetologists offer their methods of struggle if. What to do, which procedure to choose, depends on the stage of the disease. Cosmetic procedures such as:

Courses include a minimum of 10 sessions.

Additional Methods

To defeat dandruff requires an integrated approach. During the treatment period, the following tips should be observed:

If terrible dandruff, despite all efforts, does not go away, you should consult a trichologist or dermatologist. Flakes can only look like dandruff - a symptom of seborrhea. Perhaps the disease is more serious: seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, asbestos lichen.