Drops for a child containing iron for children. Intravenous iron preparations: application and review of agents

Content

At iron deficiency anemia for successful treatment, it is necessary to take iron supplements, use time-tested folk remedies. Otherwise, the patient complains of general weakness, and more frequent fainting becomes an unpleasant surprise for him. It is required to act immediately, especially since iron in tablets and ampoules is sold freely and in most cases is available to the patient at a price, it is dispensed without a medical prescription.

What are iron preparations

These are medical preparations of various forms of release, the active component of which is iron, which is necessary for the restoration of hematopoiesis. It is possible to determine the iron deficiency state by a blood test, and the patient himself feels internal weakness, other signs of anemia. This is a disease that needs to be treated, otherwise the consequences and complications apply to all internal organs, systems. As effective prevention you can use vitamins with iron for women and men, systematically or seasonally increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Classification of iron preparations

If anemia is detected in a patient, doctors prescribe drugs with iron in a full course, which can be equated according to the principle of action to multivitamin complexes. Depending on the route of administration of the daily dose, there are conditional classification characteristic medicines, which additionally differs in the speed of the onset of the therapeutic effect, recovery. For example, tablets for oral intake act slowly, while the effect of injectable drugs is more rapid and productive. A more detailed classification is presented below.

For oral administration

When anemia occurs, iron preparations are prescribed in the form of capsules, tablets or dragees. It is indicated to take such medications orally, while not chewing, drinking plenty of water and not violating the prescribed daily dosage. When ingested, active substances reach the stomach, from where they are absorbed and distributed through the systemic circulation. This does not happen quickly, and the expected therapeutic effect is sometimes very frustrating with its mediocrity.

The optimal dose of iron entering the patient's body should correspond to 2 mg per 1 kg of body weight. It is not recommended to overestimate it, since there are side effects, medical contraindications. Below are the best of the best medicines available in tablet form:

Ferroplex;
Maltofer;
NovaFerrum;
Theozol;
Tardiferon.

parenteral therapy

With extensive intestinal pathologies, the process of iron absorption with its further distribution through the blood is disrupted. In such cases, the patient is prescribed parenteral therapy with the involvement of drugs with a capacious iron content. It is appropriate to perform similar injections for stomach ulcers and iron intolerance, as a valuable component of immunity. The maximum allowable dose in such a clinical picture is 100 mg, there are contraindications. Below are the most effective liquid preparations with iron for injections:

Venofer;
Zhektofer;
Ferbitol;
Ferrlecite;
Ferrum Lek.

For intravenous administration

This is a better appointment for progressive anemia, since the maximum concentration in the blood of iron reaches 30-40 minutes after the injection. Kneading the stomach, the valuable components of the drug immediately begin to restore the disturbed circulatory system, somewhat change the composition of the blood. Such drugs are available in the form of injections, and are used more often as emergency care for a patient with pathologically low hemoglobin. From the best side, the following medications have proven themselves:

CosmoFer;
Infed;
Ectofer;
Ferinject.

Vitamins containing iron

For prevention, the doctor prescribes modern multivitamin complexes that contain iron in their natural composition. Such drugs can rarely cause side effects, but it is also important to follow the recommended daily doses. Among the advantages of such an appointment, it is necessary to emphasize that the intake of characteristic drugs exceeds the absorption of dietary iron by 20 times. However, the result of treatment and prevention depends not only on the dosage, but also on the correct choice of a multivitamin complex.

For women

When choosing reliable vitamins, it is important once again make sure that the concentration of iron prevailing in the composition is able to fill the daily need of the body for such a microelement. Only in this case, the treatment will be as effective as possible, will not harm the general state of health. Effective multivitamin complexes include the following pharmacological products, which can be freely purchased at any pharmacy:

Complivit Iron;
Elevit Pronatal (allowed during pregnancy);
AlfaVit Classic;
Vitacap (allowed for pregnant women);
Teravit.

For men

Iron deficiency anemia can also progress in the male body. Treatment should be timely, otherwise, among the signs of a characteristic ailment, doctors focus on joint pain, sleep and appetite disturbances, fatigue and increased drowsiness. Proper nutrition is not always able to restore the hemoglobin in the blood, so the basis effective treatment become medications for anemia on the recommendation of the attending physician. Here are effective medicines in a given direction:

Velman;
Complivit,
Vitrum.

The use of so-called "stimulants" to raise the level of hemoglobin is necessary at any age, otherwise the disturbances in the body due to iron deficiency anemia become chronic. The development of the disease at first is expressed by general weakness, but then there are more serious consequences for immunity and the entire organic resource. Sitting on a therapeutic diet and eating food from iron products, the desired result cannot be achieved in full. Additionally, it is recommended to use the following medications in a specific clinical picture:

totem;
Tardiferon;
NovaFerrum;
Ferroplex;
Hemopher.

For kids

Take these medications childhood shown with great caution, since violation of the daily dose can lead to the development of dangerous diseases in children's body. Therefore, such an appointment should be previously agreed with the attending physician, and the doses should be determined according to the age category of the clinical patient. For a child, it is appropriate to use the following medications:

Aktiferrin (capsules from 7 years old);
Heferol (from 12 years old);
Ferroplex (allowed from 3 years old);
Tardiferon (tablets from 6 years old);
Hemofer prolongatum (according to the weight category of the young patient).

Ferrous preparations

The active component of such medicines is iron sulfate or chloride, which is rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, maintains an increased concentration in the blood for a long time. Children are recommended trivalent iron, safer for health. Medicines based on iron salts should be taken in daily dose 200 mg. The following are reliable options for what a cure for anemia involving ferrous iron might be:

Sorbifer;
Hemopher;
Maltofer;
Gino - Tardiferon;
Aktiferrin;
Ferrum Lek.

Pregnancy and iron supplements

If a woman is diagnosed with B12-deficiency anemia in an “interesting position”, the doctor prescribes drugs with the presence of iron, an additional dose folic acid. Take such medicines strictly according to the instructions, otherwise, through ignorance or negligence, you can harm the intrauterine development of the embryo. The main goal is to increase hemoglobin, prevent oxygen starvation and fetal hypoxia. More often, the doctor recommends drugs Elevit Pronatal and Vitacap, produced in the form of tablets. The following are valuable recommendations for pregnant patients:

Prophylactically, the dose of the medication chosen with the doctor should not exceed 30-40 mg of iron per day.
Iron deficiency anemia progressing during pregnancy is treated with 100-200 mg of iron per day.
If the disease was formed before pregnancy and acquired a chronic form, during the 9 months of gestation, it is supposed to drink 200 mg of the glands.

Which iron supplements are best?

When buying any medication, the patient is counting on the positive dynamics of the aspen disease, and drugs for the treatment of anemia are no exception. Some patients are sure that the panacea is a solution for intravenous administration(iron in ampoules), others choose a more gentle way of using the medicine - syrup or tablets. In any case, the characteristic medication and its daily doses should be prescribed by the attending physician. Below are the favorites of such new generation pharmacological products:

Sorbifer Durules;
totem;
Heferol;
Hemopher Prolangatum;
Tardiferron.

Admission rules

Before choosing from the catalog, ordering and buying a medicine in an online store, you need to decide on the form of release of the medicine, the relevance of such an acquisition and the permissible daily doses. This is necessary to reduce the risk of side effects, accelerate the positive dynamics of the underlying disease, rapid and final recovery. Here are valuable recommendations for patients who will be taking medications containing glands in the chemical composition:

If these are tablets, do not chew a single dose, but swallow it whole, while drinking plenty of water. Drops for oral administration can be pre-dissolved in water and then drunk.
best method introduction of iron into the body - intramuscularly or intravenously (using a dropper), since in this way the process of absorption of active components is accelerated, there is no irritation of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.
Before buying a medicine in tablets or vials, you need to determine the valency of iron. For example, for better absorption of ferrous iron, vitamin C is needed, and trivalent iron requires special amino acids (serine).

Side effects

During treatment, the general condition of the patient may suddenly worsen. This is due to a systematic violation of daily dosages, or the body does not tolerate such active components of the prescribed medication. Side effects are temporary, require immediate correction of daily dosages. When ignoring such valuable recommendations clinical picture only worsens, and the symptoms of the pathology become more pronounced:

problems from the digestive tract, represented by indigestion, bloating, chronic constipation;
pathology of tooth enamel, which becomes faded and brittle, and teeth may even begin to collapse;
from the side skin doctors do not exclude allergic reactions in the form of a rash, urticaria, skin itching.

How to choose

It is important to start choosing not from the price of a medical product, but from the concentration of iron, which prevails in each tablet. It is very important not to harm health, besides, the excess of the characteristic trace element is still not absorbed by the body. Therefore, the name of the medication should be additionally agreed with the doctor, to avoid iron overdose. Other equally relevant selection criteria are detailed below:

Compound. For treatment, it is desirable to focus on the concentration of iron in the preparation; for prevention, you can give preference to multivitamin complexes for general strengthening of the whole organism.
Release form. Iron supplements are easier to take in tablet form. However, if necessary fast action it is better to stop the choice on injectable drugs with rapid entry into the systemic circulation.
Manufacturer and cost. Such nuances conservative treatment prevention needs to be discussed on an individual basis. However, it is worth noting that domestic products of medicines are no worse than imported ones.

Price

The cost of drugs with a concentration of iron in the natural composition is different, but doctors strongly recommend not to save on such an important acquisition, your own health. This is explained by the need for rapid positive dynamics, which will help to avoid serious complications of iron deficiency anemia. Below are the prices of both cheap medicines and expensive ones that meet all the stated requirements of the clinical patient and the attending physician. So:

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Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Iron preparations: a list of the best

Iron is one of the most important trace elements in the human body. It is part of the cells, and also participates in hematopoiesis. Iron is the main hemoglobin that is needed to carry oxygen to the tissues. With its deficiency, anemia develops in a person. Moreover, it is the iron-deficiency form of this disease that occurs most often. If a person develops such a condition, then the usual way this trace element enters the body - from food - turns out to be ineffective. Therefore, iron preparations are prescribed for anemia, which make up for its deficiency.

Indications for use

Iron usually enters the human body with food. There are many products containing this trace element. It is released from them in the intestines, and the excess enters the depot, from where it is used as needed. But in some cases, the iron content in the blood decreases, and iron deficiency anemia develops. It occurs most often in women, especially during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Predisposed to the development of anemia are children and adolescents, people exposed to increased mental and physical stress. It also occurs in chronic diseases, for example, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis or cancerous tumors, as well as in violation of the digestive organs, due to which the absorption of many trace elements deteriorates.

Iron deficiency anemia occurs with frequent bleeding, for example, with a bleeding stomach ulcer, hemorrhoids, or heavy menstruation. Iron deficiency can be observed in people who do not eat properly, follow diets, and in children who are formula-fed. This trace element is poorly absorbed in diseases of the stomach and intestines, especially if the patient takes a lot of antacids.

Only a doctor can prescribe iron supplements for iron deficiency anemia after examination and confirmation of the diagnosis. But this condition can be suspected by some symptoms:

Features of iron preparations

The main treatment for iron deficiency anemia is iron supplementation. After all, changing the diet in this case will no longer help. Therefore, the cause of the development of this pathology is eliminated and iron preparations are prescribed for anemia in a tablet, capsules, syrup or injections. The most effective and appropriate is the use of drugs in tablet form containing ferrous iron. They have fewer contraindications, are better absorbed and are cheaper. But the choice of treatment method should be determined by the doctor.

Even the most the best drugs iron in anemia can cause poisoning and other side effects. Therefore, the dosage and duration of treatment is chosen by the doctor individually. Often start with a low dose and gradually increase it. Typically, the course of treatment is 2-6 months, with therapeutic doses being prescribed for the first 4-6 weeks, and then prophylactic doses. The most common therapeutic dose is 180-200 mg of iron per day.

Classification of drugs

There are many such products, they all contain different amounts of the active substance, in different forms. Most often used in them. It is absorbed in the digestive tract, this requires the presence of a sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid. Therefore, these drugs are poorly absorbed when low acidity gastric juice. Iron is better absorbed in the presence of vitamin C, lactic acid, animal products. And some antibiotics, calcium and drugs from the antacid group interfere with its absorption.

Usually, all iron preparations for anemia are divided into two groups. The most commonly used are those that contain its divalent form. They are available in the form of tablets or capsules and are rapidly absorbed. Ferrous iron has a high bioavailability and is completely absorbed. In difficult cases, preparations containing ferric iron are used. They are available as a solution for injection. These drugs are usually more expensive, but are absorbed worse. Indeed, in order for this form of iron to be used by the body, it must be broken down. This requires the presence of ascorbic acid.

Ferrous iron for anemia

The names of the drugs that are most commonly taken can be obtained from your doctor. But they are prescribed only according to strict indications, depending on the severity of the course of anemia and the individual condition of the patient. The specialist will advise which iron preparations for anemia are better absorbed, in what dosage and how to take them. There are several drugs that are used most often:

Preparations based on ferric iron

Recently, drugs containing ferrous iron have been replaced by new ones. They contain this trace element in a trivalent form. It is believed to be more efficient. Although such drugs exist mainly in injectable form, they are also more likely to cause side effects. There are some of the most effective iron preparations for anemia with a similar composition:

"Maltofer" is used in patients with intolerance to ferrous iron. Indicated during pregnancy, during puberty. It is well absorbed and has almost no side effects.
"Ferrum Lek" is well tolerated, so it is often prescribed during pregnancy. Available in syrup, chewable tablets and injection.
"Ferlatum" not only compensates for the lack of iron, but also stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobin. It is used at any age, indicated during pregnancy.
"Argeferr" is used only in the form of injections. Indicated if the patient is unable to take pills for some reason.

Preparations for injection

In the treatment of anemia, the form of injections is not always used. They have many contraindications, so they are prescribed in some cases:

after operations on the stomach or intestines;
with exacerbation of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract;
in the most severe cases of anemia;
if you urgently need to saturate the body with iron, for example, before surgery;
with intolerance to these drugs in tablets.

Such drugs act faster and can increase hemoglobin in a few hours. The following drugs are prescribed:

Medicines for children

If a child has iron deficiency anemia, it is imperative to give him the drugs prescribed by the doctor. Especially now their special forms created for children are being produced. These are syrup or drops that are convenient to take, they do not irritate the mucous membrane and are well absorbed. In addition, there are chewable tablets with different flavors, and you can also crush a regular tablet and add it to children food. But you can use for treatment only those medicines that the doctor will prescribe. The specialist can determine which better drugs give iron for anemia to a child:

Treatment of anemia in pregnant women

Women during pregnancy need to take iron supplements, even if there is no decrease in hemoglobin. But the dosage and duration of such treatment should be determined by the doctor. In the absence of anemia, prophylactic administration in the third trimester of 30-40 mg of iron is recommended. The same dosage is indicated for a woman's predisposition to anemia. At the same time, drugs are prescribed periodically: at 12-15 weeks, then at 21-25 weeks several times a week.

If a decrease in hemoglobin is detected during pregnancy, a therapeutic dose of drugs is immediately prescribed - 100-200 mg. If anemia was before conception, then throughout the entire period they take an increased dose - 200 mg, and the treatment is not stopped after childbirth. The doctor will tell you which iron preparations are best for anemia to take a pregnant woman. Most often, drugs are prescribed in tablets: Sorbifer Durules, Totema, Ferrum Lek, Maltofer. It is advisable to additionally take folic acid, which improves the absorption of iron. There are complex preparations, for example, Gino-Tardiferon or Fenyuls.

Contraindications and side effects

You can take iron supplements only for iron deficiency anemia. They are contraindicated in the case of hemolytic or aplastic forms of pathology. Such funds are also not prescribed for cancer of the blood, diseases of the liver or kidneys, in the treatment of calcium preparations, Levomecithin, Tetracycline or antacids.

Sometimes there is intolerance to iron preparations. Moreover, replacing one drug with another will not correct the situation, since iron itself has an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in this case, you can switch to injection of drugs or reduce the dosage by half.

When taken orally, even the best iron preparations for anemia can cause negative reactions. The most common side effects are:

nausea, vomiting;
pain and heaviness in the abdomen;
loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth;
flatulence;
constipation or diarrhea;
allergic skin reactions.

With the injection of drugs, these reactions are more common. In addition to them, weakness, dizziness, pain in the joints and head, tachycardia, fever can be observed. With this use of drugs, it is also possible which is expressed in severe poisoning. In this case, it is necessary to cancel the treatment, wash the stomach and give the patient to drink milk.

Rules for taking these drugs

Only a specialist can determine which iron preparations are best taken for anemia. After all, not only the lack of this trace element is dangerous, but also its overdose, since the body cannot remove excess iron, accumulating it. This can lead to severe poisoning. Therefore, during treatment, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of the doctor and observe the chosen dosage. Usually, the first improvement in the patient's condition is observed after 2-3 days of taking iron supplements for anemia, but the course of treatment must be completed - it is usually recommended to take them for at least 2 months. Since only during this time can the level of hemoglobin normalize, and yet you still need to create a depot - a supply of iron in an emergency. Therefore, during treatment, a blood test is regularly done.

The peculiarity of taking iron supplements for anemia is that they stain the feces. It becomes dark, almost black, and if necessary, take tests for occult blood, the result may be positive, so it is necessary to warn the doctor about taking these drugs. For better absorption of iron supplements for anemia, it is recommended to drink them on an empty stomach. It is undesirable to drink tablets with tea or milk, as these drinks impair the absorption of this microelement. It is recommended to take ascorbic, citric or succinic acid, sorbitol together with drugs. And the main rule of treatment is to drink only those drugs that are prescribed by a doctor. After all, even the best iron preparations for anemia can have side effects.

Iron is essential for the human body. It is an integral component of all cells, and is also involved in many cellular processes. For example, iron (as part of the hemoglobin protein) transports oxygen from the lungs to all organs. Decreased hemoglobin indicates anemia. Anemia is a condition characterized by the lack of sufficient healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells transport oxygen to tissues. There are several types of anemia.

Iron deficiency anemia occurs when low levels of iron are present in the body.

is the most common type of anemia.

Healthy red blood cells are produced by the bone marrow. Organs of the body, such as the spleen, remove "old" blood cells. Iron is a key component of red blood cells. Without it, the blood cannot carry oxygen efficiently. A person usually gets iron through food, and sometimes reuses iron from “old” red blood cells.

Iron deficiency anemia develops when iron stores run low.

You are losing more iron than your body can make.
The body does not absorb iron;
The body absorbs iron, but you do not get enough of it from food;
Pregnancy, breastfeeding.

Bleeding can lead to iron loss. The most common causes of bleeding are:

In women: prolonged or frequent menstruation;
Cancer of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon;
Varicose veins veins of the esophagus, for example, due to cirrhosis of the liver;
Ulcer disease.

Iron is not absorbed due to:

Crohn's disease;
celiac disease (intestinal disease);
Gastric bypass;

Against the background of taking a large number of antacids that contain calcium.

Ask your question to the doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics

Anna Poniaeva. She graduated from the Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy (2007-2014) and residency in clinical laboratory diagnostics (2014-2016).

Vegetarians and seniors also are at risk.

Symptoms

Most often poorly expressed, develop slowly. May include:

Weakness, fatigue, increased fatigue;
Headache;
Problems with concentration.
As the anemia progresses, the symptoms worsen:
Blueness of the whites of the eyes;
Brittle nails;
slight dizziness;
Pale skin color;
Confused breathing;
dark stools or blood in stools;
heavy menstrual bleeding;
Stomach ache;
Weight loss.

Treatment

Medical treatment reduced to taking iron supplements.

Pregnant and lactating women should definitely take iron supplements.

Hematocrit returns to normal after 2 months of therapy. But, as a rule, hematologists prescribe slightly longer courses from 6 to 12 months to compensate for iron deficiency in the bone marrow.

Preparations

The most economical and efficient medical device for the treatment of this type of anemia is the oral administration of iron salts. Ferrous sulfate has received the most frequent use. Carbonyl iron medicines are more commonly used during pregnancy.

Parenteral therapy is used in patients who are unable to take oral iron. And also in patients who have not responded to oral drugs. This is a rather expensive method of treatment with many contraindications.

Video about which way of taking drugs in which case is more convenient

Attention! Which drug to give preference to, as well as which method of therapy to choose, can only be decided by your attending physician (therapist, hematologist).

Preparations for oral administration

Sorbifer Durules (Hungary)	Combination preparation, which is an iron supplement, is used to treat/prevent low iron levels (for anemia, also during pregnancy). Ferrous sulfate is the most basic, most common and inexpensive drug for the treatment of patients with iron deficiency. These are 50-60 mg tablets based on ferrous iron. Oral solutions of Sorbifer are available for use in pediatric practice. Ferrous sulfate is best absorbed on an empty stomach (should be taken 1 hour (or half an hour) before or 2 hours after a meal). If symptoms of indigestion appear, the drug can be taken with food. Also available as liquid drops for babies. During its use, it is important to avoid taking antacids, dairy products, tea or coffee within 2 hours before or after taking it, they can reduce its effectiveness. Side effects minimal, may include nausea, constipation, diarrhea. Price for tablets 30 pcs. 320 mg from 300 to 500 rubles.
Totema (Ferrous Gluconate) (France)	An iron-containing drug for the prevention / treatment of iron deficiency anemia (in pregnant women, as well as children, adolescents, women and girls of childbearing age, the elderly). Contraindicated if there is an allergy to any component in its composition, as well as in hemochromatosis. Ferrous gluconate is best absorbed on an empty stomach, but in case of discomfort, it can be taken with food. Some foods (eggs, cereals, dairy products, coffee, tea) may reduce its effectiveness. Side effects often include: black (sometimes green, which is rare) stools. This is normal and is not a cause for concern. It is possible to develop allergic reactions, including itching, rash, urticaria, rarely an anaphylactic reaction can develop. Price for a solution of 10 ampoules 10 ml: 300-500 rubles.
Tardiferon (France)	The drug with ferrous sulfate is indicated for: - Compensation for iron losses (to restore menstrual cycle, with bleeding as a result of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract); - increased iron levels (eg, during pregnancy, lactation, during the donation period, during puberty). Side effects are rare, include: allergies, shortness of breath, swelling of the tongue, upset stomach, dark stools (sometimes black), temporary staining of teeth. Avoid taking any other multivitamin or mineral product within 2 hours before or after you have taken Tardiferon. This can lead to an overdose of minerals and cause serious side effects. Avoid taking antibiotics 2 hours before or after taking Tardiferon. Price for 30 tablets: 180-230 rubles.
Ferroplex (Hungary)	An iron-containing preparation based on ferrous iron, used to increase the level of folic acid and iron. Contraindications: If you are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or breastfeeding, consult your doctor before taking Ferroplex. Contraindicated in bowel diseases (colitis, Crohn's disease, intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis, diverticulosis), some blood diseases (cutaneous porphyria, thalassemia). Side effects: constipation, black stools, nausea, diarrhea, indigestion. Price for 30 tablets: 200-350 rubles. This drug is difficult to find in pharmacies, so it is often replaced with Sorbifer Durules.
NovaFerrum (USA)	Iron supplement. NovaFerrum contains iron complex polysaccharide. The drug effectively compensates for the lack of iron in the body. Contraindications include age under 6 years of age (a special type of NovaFerrum Pediatric Drops is available for this purpose, for infants), and it is also necessary to consult a doctor before using the drug during pregnancy or when breastfeeding. Iron may interfere with the absorption of some antibiotics and should not be combined with other dietary supplements. Do not exceed the recommended dosage unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Side effects have not been identified, rarely occur such as constipation, nausea. The price of 50 mg tablets (three-month course) will be about 700-900 rubles.
Feozol (FeoSol) (USA)	An iron-containing preparation based on carbonyl iron, used as a replacement for ferrous sulfate. It is absorbed more slowly and is a more expensive drug. Slow absorption is especially good when ingested by children. Less toxic to the gastrointestinal tract. Contraindications: allergic to any of the components, if the patient has problems with iron absorption (eg, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis) or high levels of iron in the blood. Price for tablets 45 mg / 60 mg 120 pcs. about 700 rubles.
Hemofer Prolangatum (Poland)	Hemofer is a natural mineral supplement. It is used for the prevention / treatment of iron deficiency anemia, increases overall immunity. It can be used during pregnancy, as well as children under 6 years old, babies. Indicated for use during pregnancy and lactation, during donation, puberty. Contraindications: hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis, lead anemia. Side effects are rare but may include nausea, stomach pain, blood in the stool, coughing up blood or vomiting, and: weak pulse, pale skin, blue lips , convulsions. Available in the form of a dragee or syrup. The price of tablets (pellets) 325 mg 10 pcs: 100-200 rubles.
Maltofer (Switzerland)	This is a medicine that is used in the treatment of iron deficiency in patients with ferrous iron intolerance. It contains ferric iron (polymaltose hydroxide). It is used to increase iron levels and reduce folic acid deficiency, indicated for use during pregnancy and lactation. There are practically no contraindications. The drug is not absorbed while taking many drugs (antibiotics, other vitamins and nutritional supplements). Side effects are few and very rare, mainly nausea, constipation and diarrhea. Available as chewable tablets, drops or syrup. Prices: tablets 30 pcs.: 300-350 rubles; drops 50mg 30ml: 250-300 rubles; syrup 150 ml: 300-350 rubles.
FerretTab (Austria)	Iron fummarate is used to treat iron deficiency anemia, also with an unbalanced diet, severe bleeding. Possible side effects: darkening of the stool (which is harmless), staining of the teeth (in this case, it is worth mixing each dose of the drug with water or fruit juice, or adding to toothpaste a small amount of baking soda), constipation, indigestion. Produced in the form of tablets. This drug should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. There are no specific contraindications. But caution should be exercised in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, digestive problems, ulcers, or who are allergic to ferrous sulfate. Safe to take during pregnancy. Prices for 30 tablets: 300-400 rubles.

Several useful tips:

Take iron supplements on an empty stomach;
Do not take iron supplements with antacids. Medications that relieve heartburn symptoms may interfere with iron absorption;
Vitamin C improves the absorption of iron.

parenteral therapy

Oral iron therapy more preferable and safer, but many patients experience serious side effects (for example, from the gastrointestinal tract). Patients on oral treatment often have an inadequate response to such therapy. Parenteral treatment has a rapid response and better iron replacement in some clinical settings. Until recently, its use has been limited by the significant risk of severe allergic reactions (especially when using high molecular weight formulations of iron dextran). Currently available new generation drugs have a very low rate of serious responses.

General indications for the appointment of parenteral therapy:

Iron deficiency anemia on the background inflammatory diseases intestines when oral therapy has shown to be ineffective;
Indicated for patients on hemodialysis (with acute kidney failure);
As an alternative to blood transfusion when a rapid increase in hemoglobin is required (eg, severe anemia in late pregnancy or postpartum anemia).

New generation drugs are quite expensive.

Important! Intravenous iron is contraindicated in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

Preparations for injection

Venofer (Switzerland)	A ferric iron sucrose complex is used to treat iron deficiency anemia (in combination with erythropoietin) in patients with kidney disease. Their iron deficiency is caused by blood loss during dialysis, as well as insufficient absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. Venofer 20 mg / ml is administered intravenously over 2-5 minutes (sometimes using a dropper). There are no special contraindications. Side effects include: muscle cramps, strange taste in the mouth, diarrhea, constipation, headache, cough, joint pain, dizziness or swelling of the hands / feet, pain, swelling or redness at the injection site. Not for use in the 1st trimester. Price 20 mg / ml 5 ml ampoules: 1500-2500 rubles.
CosmoFer (Denmark)	CosmoFer is a combination of dextran and iron. Contraindications include: hypersensitivity to dextran, liver disease, hepatitis, chronic diseases(administration through a vein may exacerbate bacterial or viral infections), kidney disease. Cosmofer treatment during pregnancy can only be carried out in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. Side effects: nausea, stomach pain, fever, fever, convulsions, allergic reaction. Price 50mg / ml 2 ml: 3000-4000 rubles.
Ferinject (France)	Ferinject is indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to iron carboxymaltose, microcytic anemia. Contraindicated in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Side effects include vomiting, dizziness, headache. The price of a solution in / in 50 mg / ml 5 bottles: 4000-5000 rubles.
Zhektofer, Ektofer (Turkey)	Jectofer - iron-sorbitol citric acid, is used to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Contraindicated in hemochromatosis, heart disease, hypertension. Side effects: allergic reactions, yellowing of the skin (brown discoloration of the skin), dizziness, metallic taste in the mouth. Contraindicated in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Price for ampoules / 2 ml: 2000-2500 rubles
Ferrum Lek (Slovenia, Switzerland)	trivalent iron. Indications for use: iron deficiency anemia, also during pregnancy. Contraindicated in the following conditions and diseases: hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the drug, hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, sideroblastic anemia. Side effects include staining the stool black, pale skin, tachycardia. Can be used only from the second trimester of pregnancy (from 13-14 weeks). Also available as syrup and chewable tablets. Price for ampoules 2ml 100mg 20 pcs.: 7000-8000 rubles.
Monofer (Germany)	Iron hydroxide III. Indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Contraindications: sensitivity to the active substance, hypersensitivity to iron products, hemolytic anemia, excess iron, hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis. Side effects include nausea, rarely: abdominal pain. The price of a solution for injection 100 mg 2 ml: 15000-16000.
INFED (Canada)	Iron dextran (INFeD), compensates for the lack of iron in the bone marrow. Parenteral administration may cause anaphylactic shock. Side effects: loss of consciousness, difficulty breathing, hives, swelling or convulsions, low blood pressure, dizziness, fever, sweating. The daily dose of the drug should not exceed 100 mg (2 ml). Contraindicated in the treatment of non-iron deficiency anemia, as well as kidney disease, asthma, cardiovascular diseases. The price of the drug (50 mg / 2 ml 2 ampoules) is more than 15,000 rubles per ampoule. Most often, it is replaced with Monofer or Cosmofer preparations.

Treatment effectiveness

Against the background of taking iron-containing drugs and getting enough iron in food symptoms go away very soon. Improvement occurs within a few days (2-3 days). But, even if the patient feels better, the course of treatment must be completed completely. Usually the course lasts up to 6 months.

Pregnancy and iron supplements

Add iron-rich foods to your daily diet;
Add foods rich in vitamin C to your diet. Vitamin C promotes the absorption and absorption of iron;
Eat lean red meat, poultry, and fish. Iron from such foods is absorbed better than iron from plant foods;
Before using any iron-containing preparation, it is important to consult with a general practitioner, hematologist, and sometimes a gynecologist. Taking such drugs is most often not dangerous during pregnancy, while parenteral therapy should be started only if the risk to the mother is higher than the risk to the child, and only from the second trimester.

Prevention of low iron levels. Diet

It is possible to reduce the risk of anemia by choosing:

red meat;
Pork;
Domestic bird;
Seafood;
Green leafy vegetables (spinach);
Beans;
Dried fruits (raisins, dried apricots, prunes, dates);
Iron-fortified cereals, bread and pasta.

Vegetarians will need to increase their intake of iron-rich plant foods. This:

Oatmeal;
tofu;
Lentils;
Spinach;
Whole wheat bread;
Peanut butter;
brown rice

Vitamin C for iron absorption. Is in:

Broccoli;
Grapefruit;
Kiwi;
Greenery;
Melons;
oranges;
Bulgarian pepper;
Strawberry;
Tangerines;
Tomatoes.

Useful advice: To prevent anemia, it is useful to drink a glass of orange or grapefruit juice a day.

Avoid excessive consumption of foods such as:

Tea and coffee;
Calcium - found in dairy products;
Whole grains – although they are a good source of iron, they also contain phytic acid, which can slow down the absorption of iron.

Dr. Komarovsky about dietary restrictions during treatment

Facts about iron and its deficiency

Iron deficiency - main cause of anemia;
Iron deficiency is most often associated with an increase in the body's need for iron or with a decrease in iron absorption;
The diagnosis of "iron deficiency" is based on;
With a balanced diet, an iron supplement diet, and the right supplements, iron deficiency can be cured.

Various micronutrients are essential for normal operation human body. It is especially important that a sufficient amount of iron enters the blood. Without it, red blood cells will not be able to carry oxygen, and a person will experience a lack of it. This condition is called iron deficiency anemia. It is especially common in women and children, elderly or debilitated people. In this case, it is recommended to take iron tablets. There is a large amount of this microelement, many of them have contraindications and various. Therefore, if iron deficiency anemia is suspected, it is necessary to visit a doctor. Only a specialist can prescribe the right treatment.

Signs of iron deficiency anemia

Iron is one of the most necessary elements for the functioning of all organs and systems. Usually in the body there are its reserves, for example, in the liver. Therefore, signs of iron deficiency are felt immediately. A person feels weakness, decreased performance or fatigue. But this is not always associated with a lack of iron. Therefore, often the deficiency of this trace element increases over time. The first symptoms are more serious:

pallor of the skin;
tachycardia;
depression;
change in taste sensations or loss of appetite;
dizziness;
reduced immunity and frequent colds;
dry skin, brittle bones and nails, hair loss.

Causes of iron deficiency

Among them are the following:

severe bleeding, for example, during operations, donation or menstruation in women, also some diseases cause chronic blood loss: hemorrhoids, ulcers, various tumors;
malnutrition and malnutrition, passion for diets for weight loss;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that cause impaired absorption of iron;
helminthiases;
malabsorption syndrome.

In addition, there are conditions during which a person needs increased doses of iron, and often it is not enough with food:

in premature babies;
during the period of growth and development of children and adolescents;
in women during pregnancy and lactation.

How to make up for an iron deficiency

This microelement enters the body with food and is absorbed into the blood in the intestine. Therefore, iron deficiency is best replenished with food, and in severe cases of anemia, take iron tablets.

But you need to know that not all of them are effective, as they can irritate the stomach or accumulate in cells, causing poisoning. In addition, a feature of the treatment of iron deficiency anemia is that it is a rather lengthy process, often lasting up to six months. Hemoglobin, which indicates the presence of iron in the blood, begins to rise only after three weeks, and stabilization of its level is observed after a couple of months of taking the drugs. Although sometimes a person feels an improvement after a few days of taking certain drugs. But it is not recommended to immediately stop treatment - for some time you need to drink tablets with preventive purpose. In addition, be sure to eat. It can be buckwheat, liver, lentils, spinach, oatmeal or barley groats, raisins and pine nuts.

What are the drugs

Everything medicines are divided into groups depending on the percentage and quality of iron, as well as the presence of minor ingredients. The most commonly distinguished are:

Ferrous iron tablets are the most common. But such drugs have recently become less and less popular, as they cause a lot of side effects. TO active substances include ferrous sulfate, as well as fumarate, glucanate and They are part of such drugs: Aktiferrin, Hemofer, Totema, Ferronal and others.
More modern iron tablets are better tolerated. They include trivalent iron in combination with other elements that increase its absorption. For example, polymaltose hydroxide contained in modern preparations, makes iron easily digestible, regardless of the foods consumed. In this form, this microelement can be obtained from such drugs: Maltofer, Fenyuls, Ferrum Lek, Venofer, Sideral and others.

What else can be included in the composition of the tablets

Ascorbic acid is an effective antioxidant. It is able to convert iron from salts into an easily digestible form.
The amino acid serine also helps with better absorption and rapid entry into the blood of the microelement.
The protein carrier succinitate quickly delivers iron to the site of its best absorption.
The combination of a microelement with a sucrose complex helps to prevent overdose. In addition, in tablets containing such a composition, it is better absorbed, does not interact with food and does not cause side effects. Therefore, more and more often these drugs are prescribed recently, especially since it is convenient to drink them - only 1-2 times a day.

Best Iron Tablets

1. good because iron ions are slowly released in the digestive tract without irritating its mucous membrane.

2. "Tardiferon" contains ascorbic acid and mucoprotease, thanks to which iron is easily absorbed and rarely causes side effects.

3. "Maltofer", which can also be found under the name "Ferrum Lek" or "Aktiferrin", is a very effective drug and quickly increases the level of hemoglobin. Available in the form of chewable tablets, which can be used even by children and pregnant women.

4. "Fenyuls" is a multivitamin complex. It contains, in addition to folic acid, vitamin C, thiamine, B vitamins and other useful elements.

Side effects from taking

Most often, they occur with an overdose of iron due to non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations. Most of all, these drugs irritate gastrointestinal tract and can call:

diarrhea or constipation;
nausea and vomiting;
pain in the pancreas.

These tablets can cause weakness, dizziness, confusion and increased pressure. Therefore, you should not take them without the advice of a doctor. In addition, tablets containing ferrous sulfate can cause a metallic taste in the mouth and discoloration of the teeth.

Features of iron preparations

It is important to consider the following:

these tablets should not be stored in a warm place or where there is high humidity;
iron vitamin tablets require precise adherence to the dosage and number of tablets, if missed once, then you need to drink the medicine as soon as you remember it (it is undesirable to take a double dose, as this can cause side effects);
you can not drink iron tablets together with some other medicines, such as antibiotics or calcium supplements;
in order not to worsen the digestibility of such drugs, and also in order for iron to be better absorbed, it is impossible to drink coffee or tea for two hours after taking it, eat grain bread, dairy products or eggs; in addition, antacids prevent its absorption - Almagel, Phospholugel and others.

Iron for pregnant women

In tablets, these drugs are better tolerated and have fewer side effects. Therefore, it is this form that is indicated during pregnancy. At this time, the woman's body is experiencing an increased need for iron. Especially in the second and third trimesters.

The use of iron preparations under the supervision of a doctor is considered safe, and if the rules of administration are followed, it does not cause any side effects. It is recommended that pregnant women use medicines containing, in addition to iron, folic acid, vitamins C and E. It is best to choose iron tablets. The name of the drugs can be obtained from the doctor. Most often, pregnant women are advised to take Fenyuls, Tardiferon or Ferroplex.

Anemia, also called anemia, is a disease in which there is a decrease in hemoglobin levels. The consequence of this is the deterioration of oxygen supply to tissues. With some types of anemia, the level of red blood cells also decreases. There are acute and chronic, acquired or congenital forms of the disease. Anemia is classified as follows.
I. Associated with deficiency (protein, iron, vitamin B12).
II. As a result of blood loss.
III. Aplastic and hypoplastic forms.
a. Congenital with damage to the synthesis of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets (Fanconi).
b. Acquired (aplastic, with hemolysis on the background of autoimmune processes).
IV. Hemolytic as a result of increased breakdown of red blood cells.
The main symptoms of anemia: pale skin and mucous membranes, decreased blood pressure, collapsed veins, weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, decreased performance, palpitations, shortness of breath, sometimes fainting. The skin changes, becoming more dry and flaky, nails become striated and brittle, hair falls out and splits. different types anemia have their own characteristics. So, with iron deficiency, there may be taste perversions, with B12-deficient - a yellowish tint of the skin, with hemolytic anemia - enlargement of the spleen, with aplastic - concomitant infections and increased bleeding. The extreme degree of manifestation of anemia is an anemic coma.
The lower limit of normal for hemoglobin is 130 g/l for men and 120 g/l for women. Laboratory criteria for anemia look like this. Mild anemia Hb > 90 g/l but below 110 g/l, moderate Hb 90-70 g/l, severe anemia Hb< 70 г/л.
It is impossible to treat anemia on your own, since it has non-specific symptoms, as well as a different origin, depending on which the doctor (therapist or hematologist) chooses drugs to correct it.

Medications to treat anemia

I. Iron preparations. Iron salts, being absorbed in the intestines, are incorporated into heme, improving oxygen transport. Used to treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia. Preferably two or trivalent iron in combination with ascorbic acid, which improves its absorption and absorption. Tablet preparations are more physiological. Parenteral forms are used for rapid saturation with iron, with intestinal pathologies and a persistent lack of effect from oral administration. After reaching the target hemoglobin numbers, the therapeutic dose is reduced to a maintenance dose. Similar maintenance dosages are used to prevent anemia.
one. . Tablets: ferroplex, sorbifer durules (iron sulfate + ascorbic acid), tardiferron, ferrogradumet (iron sulfate), gynotardiferron (sulfate + folic acid). Capsules: ferrofolgamma (sulfate + cyanocobalamin + vitamin C), ferretab (fumarate + folic acid), fenyuls (sulfate + folic, iascorbic and pantothenic acids, riboflavin, pyridoxine). Aktiferrin in the form of capsules, drops and syrup. Totem is a solution of iron gluconate with copper and manganese. Dragee hemofer prolongatum (sulfate). Hematogen is a combination of dietary albumin and ferrous sulfate.
2. . Polymaltose hydroxide: maltofer tablets and syrup, fenyuls (syrup and drops), ferrum lek (syrup, tablets, solution). Protein succinate - ferlatum in the form of a solution. Hydroxide polymaltose + folic acid - biofer.
For parenteral administration: venofer, maltofer, ferrum lek, argeferr, kosmofer, likferr.
II. Vitamin preparations.
one. . It is indicated for chronic B12 deficiency anemia (Addison-Birmer disease, diphyllobothriasis, alimentary macrocytic anemia) and aplastic anemia as a hemopoiesis stimulator. Vitamin increases the maturation of red blood cells and makes them more resistant. It is applied in the form of injections.
2. used for folic acid deficiency hyperchromic macrocytic anemia. Stimulates erythropoiesis. Available in tablets.
3. participates in the transport of iron, its inclusion in heme, potentiates the transition of the trivalent form to the divalent form, stimulates the conversion of folic acid to folic acid. Used in combined preparations iron or in isolation. In dragee, tablets or injections.
4. (alphatocoferrol) in capsules. Extends the life of the erythrocyte, increasing the elasticity of its membranes. Improves transport of erythrocytes.
5. stimulate the synthesis of erythropoietin and globin.
III. Glucocorticosteroids used in the treatment of aplastic anemia with an autoimmune component in order to suppress immune processes in the bone marrow. Tablets and injections.
1. : cortisol, hydrocortisone.
2. : prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone.
IV. Anabolic steroid relevant for aplastic and hypoplastic anemia in order to reduce bone marrow depression. Nandrolone, mesterolone, anapolone (oxymetholone).
V. Androgens with the same indications as GCS. Stimulate the synthesis of red blood cells. Testosterone propionate, sustanon.
VI. Cytostatics connect with autoimmune aplastic anemia in the absence of effect from other groups. Azathioprine (Imuran).
VII. Erythropoietin preparations. Being stimulators of hematopoiesis, they accelerate the differentiation of erythrocyte germ cells, and also increase the content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Effective in anemia of renal origin (with chronic renal failure), radiation sickness, myeloid leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis). In the form of a solution for injection, there are three main options. Epoitin alfa (Eralfon, Epocomb, Eprex, Epokrin, Repoetir-SP). Epoitin beta (vero-epoitin, epostim, epoitin-vero, erythrostim, erythropoietin, recormon). Epoitin omega (epomax). Darbepoitin alfa (aranesp).
Treatment of anemia without recommendations and control by a specialist is unacceptable. Anemia is often the result of more severe pathologies, including tumors of the blood and bone marrow. Therefore, any intake of antianemic drugs should be preceded by a thorough diagnostic search, and the results of treatment should be checked by blood tests.