Gamma gt increased 3 times the cause. Elevated levels of gamma glutamyl transferase

Blood tests help diagnose many diseases. Their results are actively used by doctors when making a diagnosis. Among the many types of research, a test for gamma-glutamyl transferase, or gamma-GT (GGTP), is distinguished.

GGTP in the blood - what is it?

Gamma-glutamyl transferase, or gamma-GT for short, is an enzymatic compound produced in the tissues of the liver and pancreas. Structurally, it is a complex protein. Normally, it is practically not present in the bloodstream, so its detection or high concentration indicates problems in the work. internal organs and systems. More often, the level of gamma-HT increases with liver pathologies. Physicians always pay attention to this indicator in the diagnosis of diseases of this organ.

Gamma-HT penetrates into the general circulation only after cell destruction. Its level can fluctuate and depends on age and gender. In order to determine why gamma-HT is elevated, the causes in women this violation, experts prescribe a comprehensive examination based on laboratory methods.

What is Gamma GT responsible for?

Gamma-glutamyltransferase, like any enzyme, performs a stimulating function, launches complex biochemical reactions in the body. The substance takes an active part in the process of amino acid metabolism, which are used by organs and systems as an energy source. Gamma-HT is found in large quantities in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and pancreatic cells. It is present in small concentrations in the cells of the intestine, spleen, and brain. In a healthy person, this enzyme is absent in the blood. Gamma-HT analysis helps to reveal hidden pathology of the liver.

What does Gamma GT show?

As mentioned above, the enzyme must be completely absent in the blood. Doctors can associate its appearance with various pathologies of internal organs. To accurately determine the cause, establish the source of gamma-HT, specialists prescribe hardware and laboratory research. Talking about what gamma-HT shows, doctors associate the increase in the indicator with the following pathologies:

  • (stagnation of bile);
  • cytolysis (death of liver cells);
  • cancerous process in the liver;
  • diseases of the pancreas.

Gamma-HT blood test

A biochemical blood test of gamma-HT is performed if liver disease is suspected or to diagnose the state of the organ. The method can be used as an intermediate study to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy for cirrhosis, cholecystitis, cholestasis, cholangitis. With these pathologies, the concentration exceeds the permissible values ​​several times.

To find out why gamma-HT is elevated (the reasons for women are listed below), to make a final diagnosis, the study can also be prescribed for the following symptoms:

  • constant fatigue;
  • fast fatiguability;
  • discoloration of urine and feces;
  • yellowing of the skin;
  • unpleasant ;
  • pain in the right hypochondrium.

Gamma-GT is the norm in women

Deciphering the results of the study should be carried out only by a doctor. The specialist is aware of all the nuances of the disease, there is information about the patient's history. The assessment is approached comprehensively, taking into account the patient's condition, her age. The unit of measure for gamma-HT is the unit per liter (U/L). As the age increases, the concentration of GGTP also changes, the norm of which in women is as follows:

  • the neonatal period up to six months - up to 200 units / l;
  • from six months to 1 year - up to 34 units / l;
  • 1-3 years - 18 units / l;
  • 3-6 years - up to 22 units / l;
  • 6–12 years old - about 15 units / l;
  • 12–17 years old - up to 33 units / l;
  • over 18 - within 42 units / l.

Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased - what does it mean?

In order to find out why the level of gamma-HT is elevated, what this means from a medical point of view, patients often ask the doctor about the results of the analysis. It should be borne in mind that an increase in the concentration of the enzyme may be temporary and is not a sign of a disease. An increase in GGTP in the blood may be due to alcohol consumption, smoking, and certain medications.

However, in most cases, a sharp multiple increase in concentration indicates a pathology. When GGTP is elevated, doctors associate the causes of this phenomenon with the following pathologies:

  • liver disease;
  • kidney disease (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, kidney tumors);
  • rheumatoid arthritis;
  • hyperthyroidism;
  • hepatitis B, C;
  • cholestasis;
  • severe form of food poisoning.

Gamma-HT and Liver Disease

The first thing doctors try to rule out if gamma-HT is elevated is liver and biliary tract disease. Examination of this organ allows you to accurately determine the cause of the increase in the concentration of the enzyme. Among the liver disorders that cause an increase in gamma-HT (the norm is indicated above):

  • alcoholic cirrhosis;
  • biliary cirrhosis - occurs in the presence of chronic pathologies of the biliary tract;
  • liver cancer;
  • chronic hepatitis against the background of organ damage gastrointestinal tract.

It is worth noting that a violation of the liver, which explains why gamma-HT is increased (the reasons for this in women are listed in the article), can be triggered by long-term medication:

  • nonsteroidal drugs;
  • antibiotics;
  • cardiovascular drugs;
  • sedatives and anticonvulsants;
  • chemotherapy;
  • antifungal agents;
  • hormonal drugs.

Gamma-GT is elevated during pregnancy

When carrying a baby, women almost always have an increased level of gamma-HT - the reasons for this phenomenon are associated with an increase in the load on the organ. Chronic inflammatory processes during this period in expectant mothers can become aggravated, which also affects the functioning of the liver. Given this phenomenon, doctors adhere to the following norms for the concentration of gamma-HT during pregnancy:

  • 1 trimester - 0-17 units / l;
  • 2 trimester - no more than 33 units / l;
  • 3rd trimester - up to 32 units / l.

Elevated gamma-HT in hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism in medicine refers to dysfunction thyroid gland, at which it begins to produce hormones in excess. As a result, the concentration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine sharply increases in the bloodstream. This partly explains the situation when gamma glutamyl transferase is elevated. A sharp increase in the level of gamma-HT is one of the indications for examination of the thyroid gland in a woman.

Increased gamma-GT - what to do?

When GGTP is elevated in the test results, doctors prescribe a comprehensive examination of the body to identify the exact cause of its increase. The patient is referred for ultrasound of the liver, thyroid gland, and an examination of the gastrointestinal tract is prescribed. Treatment according to the results of research is selected individually. The ongoing therapy is aimed at eliminating the disruption of the liver.

A biochemical blood test is a laboratory analysis that can be used to identify problems with the functioning of internal organs. So, if it is necessary to assess the state of health of the liver, kidneys or pancreas, a study is carried out on the level of the enzyme gamma glutamyl transferase. This specific substance is also found in other internal organs, but an increase in its level rarely occurs due to their dysfunction. Most often, deviations from the norm are caused by problems with the work of the liver and gallbladder.

What is gamma HT in a blood test, what are its functions, and when is it necessary clinical trial to determine the level of its content in the human body? Everyone should know this.

What is GGT and what functions does it perform?

First of all, let's understand what is GGTP in biochemical analysis blood.

On a note. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and GGT - gamma glutamyl transferase are identical concepts to each other, therefore the use of the first or second term is equally correct.

Gamma glutamyltransferase is an enzyme that has a protein structure and is actively involved in amino acid metabolism. It accelerates the process of transfer and exchange of amino acid compounds in the cells of the body, and after their destruction enters the bloodstream. Since throughout the entire period of the functioning of the body there is a regular renewal of its cells, human blood always contains a certain amount of this protein.

However, when there is a malfunction in the work of the internal organs, the process of cellular decay is disrupted, resulting in a sharp increase (sometimes a decrease) in the level of gammaglutamine transferase in the blood plasma. Only a clinical blood test for liver enzymes, especially for GGT, can reveal a deviation from the norm.

Why are these proteins being studied? This is due to the fact that they are more sensitive to damage to liver cells, for example, with hepatitis. For this reason, a study on the GGT enzyme in a biochemical blood test is often prescribed by narcologists to patients suffering from alcohol dependence.

When alcohol enters the body, a more intense destruction of liver cells occurs, therefore, the GGTP protein is released into the blood much more. If at least 30 days have passed since the last use of alcohol, the level of this substance will decrease by 2 times.

GGT in blood biochemistry

Based on the foregoing, it is not difficult to understand what GGT is in a biochemical blood test. This is an indicator of amino acid metabolism in the body. The level of this protein indicates the activity of the blood serum, which increases sharply with the destruction of healthy body cells.

In simple terms, what is GGTP, then this is a blood plasma enzyme, the level of which shows whether there is a malfunction of the liver or other internal organs, and how serious it is.

An analysis to measure the level of this protein is carried out only if indicated.

Indications for a blood test

A blood test for GGTP is mandatory for patients complaining of:

  • frequent bouts of nausea;
  • profuse vomiting;
  • decreased or complete loss of appetite;
  • feeling of pressure and pain in the right hypochondrium.

A gastroenterologist or nephrologist (in case of problems with the kidneys) must send the patient for a blood test for the gamma HT level if there are suspicions of the development of:

  • cholecystitis;
  • cholelithiasis ( cholelithiasis);
  • cholestasis;
  • cholangitis;
  • hepatitis C.

In these cases, it is not enough to pay attention to the presence anxiety symptoms, insofar as clinical manifestations the above pathologies are very similar to each other. Only such a clinical study as a blood test for glutamyl transpeptidase will help determine exactly which disease is tormenting the patient.

Conducting this analysis is also important to determine the reasons why the patient experienced a process of bile stasis. This contributes to the appointment of the correct treatment and the prevention of consequences that are dangerous to the health of the patient.

An analysis for gamma glutamyl transpeptidase is mandatory for people suffering from chronic alcoholism. Under such conditions, it is important to accurately determine the degree of dependence of the patient on ethanol, as well as to understand how badly the liver is affected. Sometimes this helps not only to preserve the health of a person, but also to save his life.

A blood test for GGTP is also indicated for:

  • the development of an allergy to medications, which is accompanied by a general intoxication of the body;
  • preventive or control evaluation of liver health;
  • the need to assess the functioning of the liver or kidneys after surgery.

But this is not all indications for referring a patient to this study. Biochemistry of GGT is performed in case of:

  • blockage of the bile ducts;
  • the presence of suspicious formations in the pancreas;
  • problems with kidney function.

On a note. Donating blood for analysis requires preliminary preparation, so the patient must be instructed by the attending physician on what and how to do it correctly to obtain reliable data from a biochemical study.

The reasons for the increase in GGT, or gamma glutamyltransferase, can be not only problems with the liver, kidneys, gallbladder or pancreas, but also with the heart. Heart failure or previous myocardial infarction are the main indications for this study.

Gamma glutamyltransferase norms

The norm of GGT varies depending on the age and gender of the patient. So, the indicators for men and women do not differ very much, which cannot be said about the normal level of GGTP in older children and newborn babies.

The normal level of ggt in a biochemical blood test in adults is considered to be indicators ranging from 6-70 units per 1 liter of blood. This necessarily takes into account the fact that in women the norm of this enzyme is much lower than in men.

In babies, the rate of gamma glutamyltransferase in the blood is different. So in newborns it can correspond to indicators of 185 units per 1 liter of blood, in six-month-old babies - about 200 U / l. If such high numbers were recorded in the form with the results of blood tests of the newborn, do not worry - in infants, the liver cannot yet produce this enzyme on its own, so the placenta performs this function instead.

Interesting fact. In a blood test for gamma glutamyltransferase in dark-skinned people, the concentration of this enzyme significantly exceeds that of a white-skinned person. Therefore, we can say that the level of this protein also depends on the race of the patient.

The norm in women

The norm of GGT in the blood in women is directly dependent on age. The table below will help you figure out which indicators in the analysis results should not cause you concern.

The norm of GGTP in women may vary depending on:

  • equipment used;
  • units of measurement (IU/l, IU/ml, etc.);
  • the race of the patient.

As for the level of gamma HT in expectant mothers, it depends on the gestational age:

  1. In the first trimester, GGTP fluctuates in the range of 0-17 units.
  2. The second trimester is accompanied by an increase in the level of this substance up to 33 units.
  3. In the third trimester, the amount of gamma HT in the blood plasma decreases by 1 unit, and is 32 units per 1 liter.

Sometimes the level of this protein in the blood of pregnant women can rise sharply, but if this is a temporary phenomenon, you should not be afraid of it. Similar jumps in GGT can occur against the background of the use future mother vitamin complexes and a large number of foods enriched with vitamins.

The norm in men

The norm of GGTP in the blood in men, as already noted, differs from the female in a big way. Permissible indicators are displayed in this table.

The norm of GGT indicators in men is higher than in women due to the high concentration of enzymes in the prostate gland. But if there is a significant jump in the level of this substance in the blood of a patient, he should immediately be examined for possible deviations in the functioning of internal organs.

Causes of ggt deviation from the norm

A blood test for ggt requires taking a sample of material from a peripheral vein. The research process can take from several hours to several days. The results obtained are recorded on a special printed form, after which they are interpreted by the attending physician.

Of great importance correct decoding GGT analysis, which depends on how accurately the rules for preparing the patient for the blood sampling process were followed. Deviations from the prescribed norms may be the result of:

  • long-term intake of vitamin complexes containing a large amount of ascorbic acid;
  • use of paracetamol or aspirin;
  • abuse of oral hormonal contraceptives;
  • taking antidepressants, antibiotics, histamine blockers.

Deviation from the norm of the content of gamma glutamitransferase in the body in a big way can indicate:

  • hepatitis;
  • pancreatitis;
  • infectious mononucleosis, which gave a complication to the liver;
  • autoimmune pathologies;
  • diabetes;
  • oncological process occurring in the prostate gland or mammary glands;
  • rheumatoid arthritis etc.

If the level of GGTP in the blood is low, this may be due to:

  • hypothyroidism;
  • treatment of chronic alcoholism with certain types medications;
  • taking statins (drugs that lower blood cholesterol).

Deciphering a blood test for GGT should be carried out exclusively by the attending physician. Even if the patient understands what the norm should be and what indicators are a deviation from it, he cannot independently prescribe treatment for himself. Often, after the data obtained from a biochemical study, the patient is given a number of additional instrumental and laboratory tests that contribute to an accurate diagnosis.

Most of the pathologies detected or confirmed when deciphering a blood test for gamma HT require immediate hospitalization of the patient in a hospital and round-the-clock medical supervision, which the patient himself cannot provide for himself at home.

Biochemical analysis of blood is the most important diagnostic procedure used in the process of diagnosing a variety of diseases. So, an analysis for GTP is usually prescribed in the diagnosis of liver diseases. Consider what kind of substance gamma glutamyl transpeptidase is and what reasons lead to an increase in the level of this enzyme by several times.

If liver and gallbladder diseases are suspected, a biochemical blood test for the content of GTP is prescribed. If the norm of the content of this enzyme is increased several times, then we are talking about a serious pathology.

But deciphering the results of the examination is the business of a specialist, it is impossible to make a diagnosis only on the basis that gamma gt is increased. This condition can be caused by various reasons.

What it is?

First of all, you should find out what kind of substance it is. Gamma glutamyltransferase is an enzyme that allows the flow metabolic processes amino acids. This substance is found in many tissues, most of all it (in descending order):

  • in the kidneys;
  • in the pancreas;
  • in the liver.

In addition, ggtp is present in the intestines, medulla, spleen, heart, prostate gland (in men), but the enzyme is contained in small amounts in the tissues of these organs.

Indications

Despite the fact that ggtp is found in the greatest amount in the kidneys, the analysis for the content of this substance is most often carried out in the process of diseases of the liver and gallbladder. By changing the content of the enzyme in the blood, one can judge the state of the liver, the presence of pathological processes in it.

Procedure

To conduct the analysis, it is necessary to obtain blood samples. The material is taken from a peripheral vein. In this case, a disposable sterile instrument is used.


Training

To decipher the results of the study was correct, you need to properly prepare for the study:

  • if the patient is taking any drugs (including hormonal contraceptives) or dietary supplements, it is necessary to inform the doctor about this;
  • sampling is carried out in the morning;
  • the patient should refrain from eating for at least 8 hours before sampling, you can drink only plain water;
  • a day before the study, you need to refrain from drinking alcohol, do not eat fatty and fried foods;
  • the day before the study, significant physical activity should be excluded.

Advice! If during the diagnostic process you need to do an x-ray or ultrasound, then you first need to donate blood for biochemistry, and then undergo other types of examinations.

Norms and deviations

The normal indicator of the content of GTP depends on gender, the norm (in units / l):

  • for women - 10 - 66;
  • for men - 18 - 100.

Advice! Reference values ​​may vary from laboratory to laboratory due to differences in the reagents used in the study. Therefore, you need to pay attention to the ranges indicated in the laboratory form.

If the result is above normal

If the analysis shows that the enzyme content in the blood is several times higher than normal values, then we can talk about various pathologies and, above all, liver pathologies:

  • Alcoholic liver disease. Under the influence of alcohol, liver tissues are reborn and the functions of this organ are disrupted. In this disease, the excess of the level of GTP can be 10 or more times.
  • cholestasis. This is a pathological condition in which the production of bile stops and the bile duct is blocked. This condition can be provoked by various reasons: diseases of the liver and gallbladder, infections, cysts, tumors, the use of certain drugs. With cholestasis, the GTP level can be 10 times higher.
  • Steatosis of the liver (non-alcoholic). The risk of developing this pathology increases with obesity, diabetes. With such a disease, the level of GTP content exceeds the norm by two to three times.


  • Hepatitis C. Such a disease develops when infected with viruses.
  • Cirrhosis of the liver. In this most severe disease, in addition to an increase in the level of GTP, there is an increase in the concentration of bilirubin, phosphatase, and ammonia in the blood.
  • Oncological lesions of the liver. An increase in the level of GTP is observed both with primary liver damage and with the appearance of metastases from tumors located in other organs.

In addition, an increase in the concentration of GTP in the blood is observed with inflammation of the pancreas and oncological lesions of this organ.

What can affect the result?

The decoding carried out may be incorrect if the patient is not properly prepared for blood sampling. A false increase in gamma gt is noted if the patient:

  • took alcohol the day before;
  • takes medications containing estrogens, phenobarbital, warfarin, phenytoin.

So, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme that takes part in metabolic processes. A biochemical analysis for the content of this substance in the blood plasma is prescribed for suspected liver pathology. However, only a doctor can correctly interpret the results, since it is impossible to make a diagnosis using a single laboratory test.

The norm of GGT in women and girls older than one year is from 6 to 29 units / l. It should be noted that in women, the enzyme increases with age in women. In men, the indicators are slightly higher, and therefore the GGTP norm is:

  • 1-6 years old: 7-19 units;
  • 7-9 years old: 9-22 units;
  • 10-13 years old: 9-24 units;
  • 14-15 years old: 9-26 units;
  • 16-17 years old: 9-27 units;
  • 18-35 years old: 9-31 units;
  • 36-40 years old: 8-35 units;
  • 41-45 years old: 9-37 units;
  • 46-50 years old: 10-39 units;
  • 51-54 years old: 10-42 units;
  • 55 years old: 11-45 units;
  • From 56 years old: 12-48 units.l;

As already mentioned, the GGTP rate is usually increased when the liver tissues are damaged, but the decoding of the analysis does not indicate the exact cause of the pathology. Generally, the higher the level of glutamyl transpeptidase, the greater the damage. In addition, elevated GGT may indicate cirrhosis or hepatitis, but may also be the result of congenital heart failure, diabetes, or pancreatitis. In addition, GGT in the blood may be elevated due to the use of drugs that are toxic to the liver.

Elevated GGT levels may indicate cardiovascular diseases and/or hypertension. Drugs that increase GGT include phenytoin, carbamazepine, drugs from the barbiturate group (Phenobarbital). In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, antibiotics, histamine receptor blockers (used to treat excess stomach acid) can increase the level of this enzyme. Antifungals, antidepressants, testosterone also increase GGT levels.

Low GGT values ​​indicate that the patient has a normal liver and does not drink alcohol at all. If an elevated ALP level is accompanied by a very high GGT, this rules out bone disease, but if the GGT is normal or low, a bone problem may be present. In addition, clofibrate and oral contraceptives can lower GGT levels.

GGTP norm indicators

According to generally established standards, this biochemical blood test for men is considered to be a normal enzyme level in the range from 10.4 M / l to 33.8 MO / l. For the female body, this figure is slightly lower, from 8 Mo / l to 22 MO / l.

Even if this result indicates that the level is significantly elevated from the established norm, it confirms the presence of the development of an inflammatory or pathological process that is caused by a certain disease.

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Gamma-glutamyltransferase GGT, yGT

Definition

  • GGT is an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism.
  • This enzyme is found in many organs, often in the liver, kidneys and pancreas.
  • An increase in GGT is a marker for the diagnosis of cholestasis (bile stasis) in diseases of the biliary tract.
  • GGT can also be pathological in myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome.
  • With normal GGT, one can rule out liver disease with a high degree of probability.
  • The clinical significance of isolated high GGT (i.e. with normal ALT and AST) is limited, often occurring in patients without complaints.
  • Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is also a marker of cholestasis, but with less sensitivity.
  • The GGT/ALA ratio (GGT score divided by ALT score) is used to differentiate between chalestatic and inflammatory diseases liver (for details, see - decoding of tests for liver diseases-).

Indications

  • GGT is one of the laboratory screening parameters for liver diseases.
  • Monitoring and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment of diseases of the liver and biliary tract.
  • One of the parameters for diagnosing chronic alcoholism.

Reference values ​​(normal limits)

  • Units of measurement - mU/l or µmol/l per second.
  • Unit conversion: 1 µmol/l per second = mU/l x 0.017.
  • Reference values ​​are taken from Thomas L. Labor und Diagnose 2008.
AgeFemale gender mU/l (µmol/l per sec.) Male gender mU/l (µmol/l per sec.)
Newborns 1-7 days18-148 (0,30-2,47) 25-168 (0,42-2,80)
8- 16-140 (0,27-2,33) 23-174 (0,38-2,90)
1- 16-140 (0,27-2,33) 16-147 (0,27-2,45)
4- 13-123 (0,22-2,05) 5-93 (0,08-1,55)
7- 8-59 (0,13-0,98) 8-38 (0,13-0,63)
1- 2-15 (0,03-0,25) 2-15 (0,03-0,25)
4- 5-17 (0,08-0,28) 5-17 (0,08-0,28)
7- 9-20 (0,15-0,33) 9-20 (0,15-0,33)
10- 12-23 (0,20-0,38) 12-25 (0,20-0,42)
12- 10-20 (0,17-0,33) 12-39 (0,20-0,65)
14-19 years6-23 (0,10-0,38) 6-30 (0,10-0,50)
adults

The indicated limits of the norm may differ from those of your laboratory. Therefore, be guided by the norms indicated on the form of your analyzes.

e. = days after birth; m. = month; l. = years.

Deciphering the results

  • Significant (>5 times the upper limit of the norm) increase in GGT activity is often found in cholestatic liver diseases.
  • Slight increase in GGT (here).
  • The reason for the increase in transaminases is often not found.
  • High transaminases are often associated with hereditary diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, etc.) in young children.

Gamma GT Upgraded

Found (25 posts)

... biochemistry for indicators of bilirubin total, direct, ALT, AST, Gamma-GT, Alkaline phosphatase. I did everything quickly (it was ... ALT, AST, Gamma-GT, Alkaline phosphatase. From all these analyses, a little promoted bilirubin was. The doctor I went to said that ... open

… 5.9.). But yesterday, in addition to cholesterol, it was discovered: Gamma-GT 73.2! And AlAT 59 (at normal ... Or maybe such an increase in Gamma GT, because I finished taking it two days ago ... with shampoo. 2 weeks. Maybe from this promoted indicator? THANK YOU VERY MUCH. SORRY… open

... indicators are increased, erythrocytes are increased since February, it was also promoted hemoglobin. Tell me, what could it be? what additional ... total - 5.9 µmol / l (3.4 - 20.5)
Direct bilirubin - 2.4 µmol/l (Gamma- GT- 14 U/l (open

constant heartburn even on water on ultrasound xp pancreatitis xp cholecystitis non-closure of the cardia in the blood serum promoted gamma-gt 98 the doctor prescribed ursosan drink the second week of improvement minimal gallstones no open

… blood with leukocyte formula fine. In the biochemical analysis increased: Gamma-GT- 55 units / l, Glucose - 6.0 mmol / l, atherogenic coefficient - ... Siofor-500. A month ago c-reactive protein was also promoted, but my arm hurt, the surgeon diagnosed ... open

The blood test showed that gamma GT strongly promoted could it be due to high blood sugar? open

Question to the therapist.
Dear doctor!
I turn to you with the following question: Based on the results of a blood test, I have promoted ALT and Gamma GT Which specialist should I contact and what examinations should I go through. Thank you in advance for your answer. open

…. Tonight I received the results of the UAC and Biochemistry. They said that promoted bilirubin.
Here are the test results:
ALT 27.4
AST 51.6…. 70.37
Glucose 5.19
Tot. bilirubin 22.37
Gamma GT 30.73
Bilirubin direct 4.76
Amylase 44.49

UAC:
WBC 7.9 X 10^9/L … open

… 113 (0-145)
KFK-mv 50 (0-24)
ALT 20 (0-35)
AST 102 (0-51)
Gamma-GT 11(1-39)
ShchF 253 (124-341)
promoted

… 113 (0-145)
KFK-mv 50 (0-24)
ALT 20 (0-35)
AST 102 (0-51)
Gamma-GT 11(1-39)
ShchF 253 (124-341)
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs: periportal changes in the liver ... can not understand why, if we have AST promoted because of the heart, does not subside. After all, KFK is … open

What does it mean if GGTP is elevated

The increase in GGTP numbers is due to the increased activity of the enzyme, which appears if problems begin in the liver and biliary tract. Normally, the activity of GGTP is insignificant, it is directly related to the release of an enzyme that is synthesized in the liver. That is why, even with minimal disturbances, GGTP grows upwards.

If, when deciphering the biochemical analysis, it was determined that the level of the enzyme is significantly higher than normal, the test must be repeated. In the event that the trend towards an increase in the indicator persists, such a result is assessed as reliable and requires further examination.

The main reasons for the increase in GGTP activity are:

  • congestion in gallbladder;
  • Inflammatory processes in the liver (caused by hepatitis viruses);
  • Cirrhosis of the liver;
  • Cholangitis;
  • Billiary cirrhosis of the liver;
  • Toxic damage (alcohol, drug);
  • Destruction of liver cells - cytolysis
  • Viral hepatitis viruses (A, B and C) can provoke the development of damage and destruction of liver cells, while the disease proceeds without any complaints for a long time;
  • Liver damage can cause the Epstein-Barr virus, which is the cause of the development of infectious mononucleosis;
  • Hepatotoxic drugs;
  • Inflammatory processes of the liver, provoked by hepatitis A, B, C viruses;
  • Pathology of the skeletal system;
  • Alcohol abuse.

Alcohol stimulates the formation of GGTP. For those who drink large amounts of alcohol, the degree of increase directly depends on the amount of alcohol consumed.

This test is effective for detecting alcoholism, as well as monitoring its treatment. With the refusal of alcohol for a week, the activity of GGTP is reduced by 50%.

A very important area of ​​​​application of the test for determining GGTP is oncology. So, in patients with malignant tumors with liver metastases (in the presence of jaundice or not), GGTP activity is increased.

At the same time, in patients without metastases, activity exceeds the norm.

A significant increase in GGTP is observed with liver damage, both primary and with the appearance of metastases. Enzyme activity can increase in pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer in men, and intestinal cancer. At the same time, a 2-fold increase in GGTP can be detected.

With slaughter and concussions, a significant increase in GGTP activity is observed. Thus, its activity can be used to diagnose brain injuries.

A number of drugs also induce GGTP activity in the liver. Therefore, it is important to monitor the indicator throughout the entire period of treatment, in order to timely replace the drug, if necessary, or adjust the dosage.

The enzyme also increases in other diseases, since it can also be determined in the cells of other organs:

  1. inflammatory processes of the pancreas - pancreatitis;
  2. diabetes mellitus;
  3. in violation of the thyroid gland thyrotoxicosis;
  4. with cardiac cirrhosis (the result of stagnation in heart failure);
  5. various kidney diseases;
  6. neurological diseases, including the brain;
  7. traumatic injuries;
  8. burns.

What the study shows

This type laboratory diagnostics also called "blood biochemistry". It serves to study the component composition of plasma. Since the normal composition and levels of individual substances in the blood are well understood, any deviations serve as more or less accurate indications of specific diseases or, at a minimum, an increase in risks due to poor lifestyle and nutrition (or bad habits).

The circulatory system permeates the entire body and connects the internal organs with highways for biochemical supply and exchange, as well as the removal of substances. Thus, in the case of any pathology of the internal organs, the component composition of the blood changes, and the changes can be scientifically interpreted in the course of deciphering the data obtained.

When conducting blood biochemistry, the nature of the referral for analysis matters. What indicators are required is decided by the specific attending physician. It can be a hepatologist, nephrologist, urologist, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, oncologist, gynecologist, cardiologist, and even just a general practitioner or pediatrician.

Biochemical analysis is able to show such a complete picture that it is often figuratively compared in medicine with the "truth serum".

The study may be of an aspect nature, or may relate to a detailed profile

In the latter case, during the consideration of plasma samples taken for biochemical analysis, more than two dozen parameters are taken into account.

Among them:

  • total protein;
  • creatine anhydride (creatinine);
  • albumins and globulins (protein fractions);
  • low and high density lipoprotein;
  • total cholesterol and triglycerides;
  • uric acid and urea;
  • total and direct bilirubin;
  • glucose, potassium, sodium.

Particular attention is paid to the group of enzymes:

  • gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT);
  • aspartate aminotransferase (AST);
  • alanine aminotransferase (ALT);
  • alkaline phosphatase (AP);
  • creatine kinase (CK);
  • alpha amylase.

As a result of the analysis of blood biochemistry, a medical specialist can not only diagnose diseases or prevent the risk of their development, but also identify a deficiency:

  1. macro- and microelements;
  2. vitamins;
  3. bioactive substances (as the same enzymes).

The GGT level is one of the most demanded aspects of a biochemical blood test, since it is directly related to the health of organs, the slightest failure in which immediately affects the course of metabolic processes, as well as the effectiveness of cleansing the body of toxins and decay products.

Foods, drugs, toxins, anything that harms the liver

In addition to internal factors of the liver, there are external ones that affect its condition:

  1. Alcohol, in addition to having a toxic effect on the liver, also stimulates the production of the enzyme gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.
  2. Toxins. Of course, alcohol and medications act on the liver in a destructive way. But there is another group of toxic substances, the use of which destroys this organ: the poison of the pale toadstool, arsenic, cyanides, phenol, pesticides. Some act almost immediately, others for some time, depending on the dose.
  3. There are whole groups of drugs that adversely affect the liver. The most famous to the average consumer are aspirin, paracetamol, enalapril, hormonal and antifungal drugs. When using any medication, you should carefully read the instructions, especially contraindications.

The concentration of gamma GGT exceeds the norm in pancreatitis, prostatitis, diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, kidney diseases, injuries, and pancreatic diseases.

Restore normal level GGT is possible if the reasons for its increase are eliminated:

  1. Remove stones and tumors. When stones are removed from the liver, the entire gallbladder is removed. For normal digestion, there is a need for choleretic drugs. It is better if they are of plant origin.
  2. Normalize the state of the liver with hepatoprotectors. They are able to restore the functions of the cells of the body, protect them from toxins, poor-quality food, and drugs.
  3. Refuse some medications that provoke an increase in gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, replacing them with others.
  4. Change jobs if you work with toxic drugs. Health is more expensive.
  5. Quit smoking and alcohol. Tobacco contains nicotine, which affects the liver. The exact dose of alcohol that can be consumed without harm to the liver has not been calculated. It depends on many factors. But if you have health problems, exclude all alcohol and nicotine.
  6. Diet. Perhaps you should not resort to a strict diet. But nutrition needs to be adjusted. Avoid animal fats as much as possible. The main food should be foods rich in fiber, carotene, folic acid and vitamin C. These are plant foods: carrots, pumpkin, lettuce, spinach.

With the help of a blood test for GGT, you can monitor how an organ is responding to treatment, or how a person is struggling with his addiction to alcohol.

Reasons for increasing GGT in the blood

With severe bile stasis (cholestasis), the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase begins to increase earlier than alkaline phosphatase. However, when interpreting the analyzes, it must be taken into account that GGT can react sharply to any diseases of the hepatobiliary system. Therefore, an increase in GGT must always be correlated with the activity of ALT and AST.

In jaundice, the ratio of GGT to ALT is a direct indicator of an increase in bile stasis relative to the destruction of cellular structures.

Attention! In chronic alcoholics, the level of GGT in a biochemical blood test can increase more than 50 times from normal values.

The degree of increase in gamma glutamyl transferase will be directly dependent on the dose and frequency of drinking alcohol. Therefore, GGT is often used in the control of alcohol withdrawal.

In addition to liver damage by alcohol, this enzyme also responds to the development of drug-induced hepatitis when taking hepatotoxic drugs (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, etc.).

The next reason for the increase in GGT are primary malignant tumors of the hepatobiliary system or liver metastases. Benign neoplasms, as a rule, do not give such changes in the analyzes, since their growth is not accompanied by the destruction of healthy tissue and severe intoxication. The exception is tumors that lead to obstruction (blockage) of the bile ducts and contribute to the development of obstructive jaundice.

Among other "biliary" reasons for the growth of gamma HT in the analyzes, cholelithiasis, acute and chronic cholecystitis are distinguished.

Also, gamma glutamyltransferase reacts to pancreatic and prostate cancer.

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In addition to toxic (drug, alcohol) liver damage and malignant tumors, GGT increases with:

  • acute and chronic viral hepatitis;
  • hepatitis of non-infectious nature;
  • infectious mononucleosis;
  • fatty hepatosis;
  • cirrhosis;
  • severe poisoning.

Important. Gamma glutamyltransferase, unlike ALP (alkaline phosphatase), does not increase with bone damage, the development of kidney failure

In pregnant women, its levels are also unchanged.

In addition to diseases of the hepatobiliary system, GGT can increase with damage to other organs and the use of certain medications, in particular, this enzyme is increased with:

  • myocardial infarction (here the cause is not only myocardial damage, but also the process of activation of regenerative processes occurring in the heart muscle and hepatic parenchyma, in this regard, the maximum increase in GGT occurs in the third week after a heart attack);
  • kidney damage (chronic glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis);
  • taking antiepileptic and anti-tuberculosis drugs;
  • rheumatoid arthritis;
  • hyperthyroidism;
  • obesity
  • diabetes.

GGT can decrease with hypothyroidism and prolonged use of large doses of ascorbic acid.

Attention. GGT in women can be increased while taking hormonal contraceptives.

What can lead to increased results, except for diseases

Alcohol abuse on the eve of a blood test can lead to increased results of the level of gamma-glutamyl transferase. It was also previously mentioned that some drugs can influence the results of the study, overestimating the real values.

To such medicines relate:

  • barbiturates;
  • statins are a group of drugs used to lower blood cholesterol levels;
  • antidepressants;
  • some types of antibiotics;
  • oral contraceptives and some other hormonal drugs;
  • Aspirin, Paracetamol.

Also noted is the fact that in obese individuals, the level of the enzyme will be higher than normal. This should be taken into account by the doctor when interpreting the results of the study.

Causes of ggt deviation from the norm

To make a correct analysis to determine the level of ggt, you need to take the material only from the peripheral vein. The diagnostic procedure takes from 1 hour to 2 days. The results must be recorded on paper. After that, the attending physician makes a transcript in order to make an accurate diagnosis for the patient, determine the disease, hidden pathological processes in the body.

It is important to correctly determine the rate of ggt. Based on the results obtained, appropriate treatment will be prescribed.

The patient must properly prepare for blood sampling. Inaccuracies in the analysis occur for the following reasons:

  • The patient has been taking for a long time vitamin complexes, which contain an increased amount of ascorbic acid,
  • before taking blood, the patient took paracetamol or aspirin,
  • use of oral contraceptives,
  • taking sedatives, antibiotic drugs, histamine blockers.

This pathology often affects the condition and functioning of the liver. Deviations also show the progression of autoimmune pathology, diabetes mellitus, and oncological processes.

They often occur in men in the prostate or breast. In the acute form of rheumatoid arthritis, the protein in the blood increases by 2-3 times, so the patient is immediately prescribed appropriate therapy.

Sometimes the rate goes down. This process indicates the development of hypothyroidism, a chronic form of alcohol dependence. In this case, it must be increased to the optimal value. Plasma ggt levels decrease with regular statin use. This medications that help lower blood cholesterol levels.

The interpretation of the analyzes should be carried out by the attending physician. Patients can use the table on their own, but sometimes deviations are temporary and do not pose a threat to health. The patient will not be able to determine the characteristics of the disease, as well as prescribe proper treatment. If there is doubt about the accuracy of the diagnosis, the patient is shown passing additional laboratory and instrumental tests.

Experts talk about the norms, features of ggt in these videos:

GGT in the blood is increased causes, treatment, diet

Increased GGT in the blood: what are the reasons

Causes of an increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase by 10 times or more:

With prolonged use of alcohol, the level of GGT is increased by 10-30 times (the ratio of gamma-glutamyl transferase to AST is about 6). The content of this enzyme in the blood is affected by the amount, duration and frequency of consumption of alcohol-containing products.

Full liver check: what tests and examination methods are needed to make an accurate diagnosis

Increased GGT and other enzymes (AST, ALT)

Since an increased level of GGT in the blood does not allow an accurate diagnosis of the disease and can be caused by other reasons, the doctor prescribes an additional examination of the liver.

  • drinking large amounts of alcohol;
  • taking drugs;
  • diabetes
  • inflammatory processes in the digestive tract;
  • large overweight;
  • increased levels of triglycerides;
  • taking certain medications.

GGT in a biochemical blood test exceeds 100, ALT is less than 80 and alkaline phosphatase is more than 200 is observed with:

  • slowing down the outflow of bile against the background of excessive alcohol consumption;
  • decrease in the outflow of bile as a result of cirrhosis of the liver;
  • obstruction of the outflow of bile due to stones in the gallbladder or compression of the bile ducts by neoplasms;
  • other reasons.

An increase in the level of gamma-glutamyl transferase to 100, with ALT and AST above 80 and ALP less than 200 can mean:

  • the presence of viral hepatitis (A, B or C) or the Epstein-Barr virus (sometimes viral hepatitis occurs without an increase in the level of liver enzymes);
  • excessive effect on the liver of alcohol;
  • fatty hepatosis.

To make an accurate diagnosis, an additional examination and internal consultation with a doctor is necessary!

Treatment of increased GGT in the blood: how to lower and normalize

Treatment advanced level GGT begins with diagnosing the state of the body and identifying the exact cause of the increase in this enzyme. Treatment of diseases due to which gamma-glutamyl transferase has increased can reduce its level.

You must stop smoking and drinking alcohol. To get rid of these habits, WHO recommendations on how to quit smoking and how to quit drinking will help. It will also lower the elevated GGT.

More on this topic

Other analysis indicators:

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Norms

The rate of GGT in the blood varies depending on the age, gender and even race of a person. In newborn babies, the amount of GGTP in the blood can reach 185 units / l, and in children under the age of 6 months this figure can increase to 200 units / l. In adults, the GGT index ranges from 6-70 units / l, and the norm for women is significantly lower than for men.

Such a high concentration of gamma HT in the blood plasma of infants is explained by the fact that for several days after birth, the enzyme is practically not produced by the liver, and its main source is the placenta.

There is a higher concentration of GGTP in the biochemical analysis of blood taken from black people.

Obesity also affects the production of enzymes, and leads to an increased concentration of GGT in the blood.

In the table of GGT norms, an increased level of protein concentration in the blood in men over the age of 12 years is clearly seen compared to women of the same age group. Such a gap is due to the fact that a certain amount of the enzyme accumulates in the prostate gland. This helps to diagnose prostatitis and other diseases of this gland, since in this case the biochemistry shows a sharp jump in the concentration of GGT.

Regular physical activity, as well as a strict diet that excludes the use of meat and dairy products, will reduce the content of GGT in a natural way, without the use of drugs.

To diagnose diseases of the liver or pancreas, you can donate blood from a vein for GGT. This abbreviation stands for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. If you get results in which gamma HT is elevated, then this may indicate gallstones, toxic damage liver, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis in the acute or chronic phase, hyperthyroidism, even prostate, liver or pancreatic cancer. But do not panic in advance. This figure may be high if you are taking oral contraceptives, estrogens, or other medications that affect test results.

If you are aware of your problems with the liver, pancreas, kidneys or other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, then most likely you have already passed venous blood in order to determine the gamma-GT index.

It is necessary to control it if you know that you have the following ailments:

Including its forms without the manifestation of jaundice,

cancer of the pancreas, liver, or prostate;

The alcohol addiction you are struggling with.

In cancer, with the help of the GGT indicator, the effectiveness of treatment is monitored; for the same purposes, it is looked at in the fight against addiction to alcohol.

It is found out whether the HT gamma is increased or not, also in order to diagnose liver damage that is accompanied by cholestasis. This can be, for example, with viral or congenital hepatitis and obstructive jaundice, atresia biliary tract. This indicator is monitored after myocardial infarction. In addition, it is possible to find out whether the level of gamma HT in the blood is elevated or not, to check the hepatotoxicity of drugs.

Causes and mechanism of increased enzyme activity

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is directly involved in amino acid metabolism. It is a catalyst for the transfer from the gamma-glutamyl peptide of the gamma-glutamyl residue. The main organ where it is located is the kidneys: in them, its content is 7000 times higher than the amount in the liver. In the liver, GGT is 200-500 times more, its content in the pancreas is not too different. It is also present in the intestines, spleen, heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and prostate.

Gamma-GT analysis is elevated, usually due to increased activity of this enzyme. And it manifests itself if problems with the liver or biliary tract begin. Normally, the activity of GGT is insignificant, it is directly related to the excretion of an enzyme that is synthesized in the liver. That is why, even with the appearance of minor problems, gamma-HT increases.

Diagnosis of diseases

Depending on the overall clinical picture, other blood counts, and test results, your doctor may think you may have certain medical conditions. So, increased gamma-HT can be with the following ailments:

1. Cholestasis - the amount of the enzyme increases in both extrahepatic and intrahepatic forms of the disease. At the same time, problems such as gallstones, obstructive jaundice caused by a liver tumor, and cholangitis appear.

2. Acute hepatitis of viral etiology, various toxic diseases.

3. Chronic hepatitis.

4. Pancreatitis - GGT will be increased both in acute form and in chronic course.

5. Alcoholism.

6. Oncological diseases of the liver, pancreas or prostate.

In addition, if you are taking oral contraceptives, barbiturates, estrogens, cephalosporins, then the level of gamma-HT may also be increased. You should not try to diagnose diseases in yourself, only a doctor can establish them.

GGT level and age

If you are going to donate blood to find out the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, then you need to remember the following. Normally, it is low, but the results obtained will depend on gender and age. Also, do not focus on the data of other laboratories, look only at the norms that are indicated in the results of the study. The determined level depends on the units of measure and on the equipment used.

So, in some laboratories it is indicated that gamma-HT will be increased provided that it is more than 36 for women and 64 U / l for men. At the same time, for children, an increase in the amount of the enzyme by 2 or even 4 times is permissible.

In other laboratories there is a division based on age. So, for adult women, the norm will be the amount of enzyme in the range from 6 to 42 units, for men - from 10 to 71. In adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, the amount of GGT in serum should not exceed 33 U / l in girls and 45 in young men. Regardless of gender, ages 6-12 upper bound the norm is considered indicative up to 17 U / l, from 3 to 6 - up to 23, from 1 year to 3 - up to 18, from 6 to 12 months - up to 34.

A slightly different picture is with newborns, in whom the work of all body systems is only getting better. It's okay if at the age of 5 days GGT is up to 185, and up to 6 months it can even rise to 204 U / l.

How to interpret the results

Even if you have received tests in which gamma-HT is elevated, do not panic. To establish a diagnosis, it is not enough to know only information about the activity of this enzyme in the blood serum. It is also important to find out the reaction of GGT to aminotransferases - GGT / AST or the ratio of GGT and ALT - it determines the spread of cholestasis in relation to cell membranes. Also, the interaction of gamma-HT with other enzymes responsible for the development of cholestasis, for example, to alkaline phosphatase, is being clarified.

If the level of GGT exceeds the norm by 50 times, while the indicators for other enzymes are not too changed, then this indicates alcoholism. In addition, it will be increased in people who smoke more than two packs of cigarettes per day, are obese, or have eaten before taking the test. Please note that if the body mass index exceeds 30 kg / m 2, then GGT can be 50% more.

Treatment and correction of indicators

If, according to the results of the analyzes, gamma-HT is increased, how to correct this indicator, it is necessary to determine with the doctor. After all, it is necessary to treat not the level of the enzyme, but the cause that caused its increase. So, if it is increased due to excessive alcohol consumption, then there is only one way out - to give up alcohol.

In other cases, consultation with a specialist is indispensable. If we are talking, for example, about pancreatitis, then a diet is important in which it is worth giving up fried and fatty foods, chocolate, and coffee. It is also good to take drugs that affect the functioning of the liver. Some patients with hepatitis are prescribed a drug such as Ursofalk. It can also be used for neonatal jaundice to help normalize the functioning of the liver.