Dermatology is a highly specialized field of medicine that studies the structure, physiological functions and diseases characteristic of the skin, sweat and sebaceous glands, as well as human hair and nails. It is their health, timely diagnosis of diseases and effective treatment that the dermatologist deals with.

Human skin plays a very important role in the proper functioning of the body. It covers the entire body, provides its protection and allows air to flow to the internal organs of a person. The epithelium is the first to take on the not always positive impact of the environment. Therefore, the skin is susceptible not only to injuries, but also to the appearance of infectious formations on it, which, without appropriate treatment, can acquire an acute viral or even oncological character.

If you notice rashes or other warning signs on your skin, then an appointment with a dermatologist in Moscow will dispel your doubts. And after diagnosing the disease, quickly start the complex treatment procedures so that the skin condition is the same as before the disease.

What does a dermatologist treat?

A dermatologist treats the following skin conditions:

Diseases caused by a fungus (trichophytosis, epidermophytosis, microsporia);

Diseases of a viral nature (herpes, lichen, papillomas);

Diseases of an infectious nature (impetigo);

Allergic diseases (dermatitis);

Inflammation of the sebaceous or sweat glands (seborrhea);

Skin problems during adolescence;

Skin lesions due to exposure to toxic substances or drugs;

Skin lesions due to chronic diseases of internal organs or due to HIV infection.

When is a visit to a dermatologist necessary?

You must immediately go to a dermatologist for an appointment if the epithelium has:

Spots, rashes, various rashes, or sores;

Acne and blackheads;

Redness;

"Wet" non-healing wounds or lesions of various skin areas;

Warts, a large number of moles and boils;

There is a puffy face, puffy bags under the eyes, deepening wrinkles on the face;

The shade has changed skin and also the skin has become dry and flakes constantly.

It is also recommended to visit a dermatologist periodically, at least once every six months, to prevent skin diseases. Thanks to modern medical equipment, a dermatologist can detect endogenous and exogenous risk factors in advance and prescribe preventive treatment to prevent the development of the disease.

What does the dermatologist look at at the appointment?

Examination by a dermatologist begins with taking an anamnesis, which includes a visual examination of the patient and recording all of his complaints. Usually, it is enough to diagnose the disease on the basis of symptoms. But in controversial cases, a dermatologist uses instrumental and laboratory methods diagnostics to see the complete picture of the disease.

What tests does a dermatologist prescribe to undergo to make an accurate diagnosis? Most often, this is a standard set of tests and examinations:

Blood and urine analysis (general);

Analysis for immunoglobulin E;

Allergy analysis.

Depending on the type of disease, the dermatologist may also need skin scrapings, puncture cytology, and tests for diseases such as measles, syphilis or herpes. The dermatologist's specialization is closely related to other medical fields. Therefore, the doctor can refer his patient for additional examination by such specialists as an allergist, endocrinologist or venereologist.

A specialist in the field of dermatology (dermatologist) treats all kinds of diseases associated with the human skin. Among such pathologies, there are: neurodermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, acne, boils and many others chronic diseases... The dermatologist is also responsible for the treatment of hair and nail fungi. It is not uncommon for the skin to suffer from other concomitant diseases of the body. When signs of skin lesions appear as the influence of another pathology, it is extremely important to immediately consult a specialist. The doctor will be able to accurately diagnose and help prescribe general treatment.

What is the competence of a Dermatologist?

During an illness associated with a lesion of the skin, you should immediately consult a specialist in the field of dermatology. The doctor will diagnose, prescribe drug treatment, and also prescribes the necessary procedures to completely get rid of the disease. First of all, at the appointment, the doctor will conduct a skin-allergic examination, taking a sample. Thus, the specialist will identify the presence or absence of a possible allergic reaction to certain drugs. In addition, the dermatologist will advise the patient on the correct diet, which ingredients in food should be avoided and which ones, on the contrary, should be added. Also, the doctor will draw up a purely individual treatment for a specific ailment. The specialist will be able to give an answer to the patient's questions regarding his disease and suggest a set of suitable cosmetics in a specific case.

What does a Dermatologist treat?

The list of diseases that a dermatologist treats is quite wide.

The most popular ones are:

• dermatitis;
• balanoposthitis;
• warts;
• gonorrhea;
• ichthyosis;
• candidiasis;
• hives;
• leprosy;
• various forms of lichen;
• skin cancer;
• syphilis;
• acne;
• scabies;
• eczema.

What organs of the human body does the Dermatologist examine?

The mucous membrane of the epidermis, the skin itself, nails, hair.

When should you contact a Dermatologist?

Several will talk about when to see a dermatologist. characteristic features skin changes. This can be a violation of the natural color, structure of the skin, increased oiliness or dryness, neoplasms. This list includes:

• swelling;
• rash of various kinds;
• acne;
• unhealthy discoloration of the skin;
• spots of various sizes and colors;
• cracks;
• wrinkles;
• "bags";
• cellulite;
• spider veins.

What tests will be required?

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to understand the cause of the onset of the disease and its effect on the body. For this, various general and specific analyzes are carried out:

• Analysis of urine;
• a blood test from a vein for various diseases (syphilis, measles);
• allergological panel Ig G;
• immunoglobulin E (IgE);
• herpes infections;
• allergy screening (mixed adult, inhalation, food, mixed children);
• herpeviruses (type I-II, III, IV, V, VI);
• puncture cytology: skin;
• scrapings from the skin and nails for fungi;
• scrapings from the skin and eyelashes for mites (demodex);
• human herpes virus.

Diagnostic tests carried out by a Dermatologist

In addition to general and special tests, it is important for a dermatologist to carry out several diagnostic studies for a correct diagnosis. For this, the following techniques are used:

• diagnostics of diseases of the liver and pancreas;
• PCR diagnostics (skin infections);
• cytology (study of cell structure - Diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, skin cancer, human papillomavirus, cystic dermatoses);
• rheumatoid factor;
• immunofluorescence study (diagnosis of autoimmune diseases);
• microscopy (skin scraping - diagnostics of mycoses, scabies);
• histology (skin biopsy - morphological confirmation of the diagnosis);

VIDEO

Leather- this is a protective shell of a person. But at the same time, she is the most vulnerable. Most of all, it is the human skin that is exposed to damage and the influence of external factors, since it occupies a predominant position on the body. Therefore, skin care is extremely important. This must be done constantly, no matter how difficult it may seem. It is necessary to deal in a timely manner with acne, burns (from sunlight or from other factors), dryness, oily, irritation, unwanted hair and others.

Human skin is in a constant process of regeneration. It is one of the few tissues in the body that is capable of renewing and repairing damage. During a person's life, about 1000 new layers appear. In order not to experience everything on the skin, it is better to inquire in advance with the specialists what means are necessary for the skin to be soft and silky.

The first advice from experts: the skin should not absorb absolutely everything that is applied to it. Otherwise, it's a waste of money. Dermatologists advise not to pay attention to the list of active ingredients that are contained in a moisturizer. It is important that the skin product contains glycerin and hyaluronic acid. It is these substances that help the skin stay hydrated.

More red foods

Scientists from the British Institute of Dermatology found that people who ate at least five tablespoons of tomato paste in one day suffered from sunburn several times less. Experts have suggested that this effect is exerted by lycopene, which is an excellent natural antioxidant. Most of all, it is found just in tomatoes. Thanks to it, the skin receives excellent natural protection against the negative effects of ultraviolet rays and helps prevent burns.

Of course, it will not be possible to lower the photoprotective factor in this way, but the tan will fit well.

Calm and only calm

You also need to worry about your emotional health, although this is not as critical as with regard to skin diseases. All diseases are from the nerves, so you should take care of stress relief. Moreover, depression also affects skin color and a healthy facial expression. At the University of Manchester, experts were able to prove that even just public speaking for many inhabitants on Earth can be enormous stress. For their experiment, they took as a sample a piece of skin from the cheek of a person who had just performed in public, and then compared the cellular activity in it.

The skin of an emotionally stressed person showed a decrease in the regulation of immunity in cells by almost 16.5%. Another experiment proved that facial acne appears as a result of emotional overstrain.

It is, of course, impossible to protect your skin from presentations. However, if a person constantly finds himself in a stressful situation, then he simply needs to pamper the skin with various means. Especially natural.

Eliminate fried altogether

Experts have come to this conclusion after a number of studies. For this purpose, 23 people were invited as focus groups. For them, a certain menu was compiled, which consisted of high-protein foods. They also followed a low-glycemic diet for 12 weeks. The results showed that the subjects' skin improved its properties many times over. Skin imperfections were reduced by almost 30%, while the other control group, which ate a high-carbohydrate diet, only improved by 14%. The indisputable advantage that the low-carbohydrate diet had - a significant reduction in the weight of the subjects.

To say for sure what exactly caused the improvement of the skin - diet or weight loss - the researchers could not say. However, they found that the increased protein intake was great for the skin. Reducing the intake of high-glycemic foods also played a positive role.

Mandatory water treatments

Audrey Kunin spoke about the importance of taking daily water procedures. When a person sweats, their pores become clogged with sebum. Therefore, shower after exercise should not be ignored. Sweat and sebum contribute to the multiplication of bacteria on the human body, therefore microbes must be prevented from multiplying.

To make the shower even more effective in improving the condition of the skin, the specialist recommends using products containing glycol cleaners. Those that contain salicylic acid are also good options.

You can forget about expensive funds

There is no point in looking at the price tag when buying leather products and choosing the most expensive ones. And even more so when some abstruse and incomprehensible names flaunt on the label in the composition. It is better to bypass such means altogether, advises Daniel Jarosh, Ph.D. and photobiologist. He explains this not only by the fact that substances can have an adverse effect on the skin. The specialist explains that the funds are present on the skin for no more than a minute. Thus, they simply do not have time to create any effect. In addition, some components have such a structure that they cannot cause anything other than irritation. Among these substances are mint and eucalyptus.

If you are looking for products for the skin, then you need to start with inexpensive drugs... For example, use glycerin soap for washing. At the time of washing your face, it is very important to remove all dust, dirt, grease and cells of keratinized skin. At this point, it is important not to overdry it, and glycerin-containing soap will perfectly help with this.

Scarlet lips

In this section, we are not talking about scarlet red lipstick, but about a balm to protect lips from ultraviolet radiation. In the area of ​​the lips, as well as around the eyes, there is the thinnest skin. Therefore, it must be protected with even greater trepidation than the rest of the skin on the body. On Earth, only half of the population uses such balm. For humanity, this is a very small percentage, since lips are the part of the body that is more susceptible to cancer damage than others.

Have a little refreshment

It has long been proven that eating vegetables and fruits has a good effect on the skin. They contain a huge amount of useful elements that have a beneficial effect on the regeneration of the epidermis. In this regard, in your daily diet you should add foods that contain a lot of wines A and C. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant. To improve the condition of the skin, doctors recommend adding fresh herbs, cantaloupe, citrus fruits (especially oranges), strawberries, blueberries, and Bulgarian pepper.

Anti-aging remedies

Do not wait until the first wrinkles appear, and only then start caring for your skin. A girl at the age of 20 should think about the future beauty of her skin. Cosmetologists recommend using a special retinoid medicinal product containing a large amount of vitamin A. It is a rather potent agent, therefore it is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women.

It is based on accelerating the regeneration of skin cells, removing the stratum corneum and increasing collagen production. It is this substance that prevents the appearance of wrinkles.

Eliminate milk from the diet

When fighting acne, the first step is to skip milk. It has a very negative effect on acne-affected skin. This is evidenced by several clinical research... Through experiments, it was found that adolescents who regularly consumed milk suffered from acne much more often than those who did not drink it.

Studies have shown that girls in their 20s and 30s are more likely to be negatively affected by the hormones found in milk. Soy analogues will be the only salvation for those who still cannot refuse their favorite drink.

Get rid of unwanted hair

Removing unwanted hair is very correct from the point of view of skin beauty and health. The laser removal procedure is considered one of the most effective. However, in order to increase the performance of this method, it is necessary to use agents that slow down hair growth.

Eliminating the cause of the headache

Australian scientists were able to prove that people suffering from persistent headaches are more prone to the occurrence of squamous cell oncology than others. This is a fairly rare form of skin cancer. The disease occurs in those who often take pain relievers, including aspirin.

Relieve redness

Do not overuse alcohol and spicy foods. These products act on the appearance of acne and redness. Therefore, doctors recommend cleaning the skin with a special brush. This procedure is called exfoliation. After it, the skin acquires a healthy color and is better protected from external factors.

Food only from natural products

Natural products predominate in the diet of a person who cares about the health of their skin.

The eye area needs protection

The skin around the eyes is distinguished by its exceptional thinness, therefore, individual drugs... Do not forget that the same cream for the face and for the area around the eyes cannot be. This is primarily because products for thin skin contain fewer irritating components. Among them are synthetase acetohydroxy acid, retinol and glycolic acid.

Protect your skin from UV light

The skin of the face must be protected from sunlight without fail. For this, sunscreen is applied in the proportion of one tablespoon. Moreover, the protection factor must be at least 30.

Feet should be fine

When a girl wants to look sexy and attractive, first of all she attaches importance to her legs, which should be smooth. But it is not only beautiful, but also good for health. The condition of the legs should be monitored and various abrasions and cuts should be avoided.

To do this, it is necessary to take preventive measures and not allow cracks to form. To prevent them, use a moisturizer at night.

Don't complicate things

According to cosmetologists, a woman's body and skin care kits should contain at least seven products. Among them there will be cleansing and moisturizing products, various serums. But this may seem like a lot. Therefore, you need to limit yourself to ten components.

Between application various means it is necessary to maintain at least a five-minute pause.

Fresh bed

Many different organic and synthetic substances remain in a person's bed after sleep every day. These are keratinized skin, and the components of various products that a person used at night. Therefore, taking care of the cleanliness of pastel linen is an extremely important procedure. Ideally, change your bed linen once a week.

Getting rid of skin shine is a must

Throughout life, many different biological mechanisms work in a person. The skin also has such, for example, sebaceous glands... During the day, they release a protective agent, the excess of which clogs pores and can cause irritation and acne. A large amount of sebum can be identified by the characteristic luster of the skin. You should get rid of it in time.

Smoking is not our method

Smoking is harmful to health. With regard to the skin, this saying is also relevant. A person who smokes ages much faster. Therefore, is there any point in smoking, it is still worth considering.

A little bit sweet

For skin health, you should allow yourself some dark chocolate. Dairy contains a lot of sugar and fat, so it is not suitable. Scientists have proven that after prolonged consumption of a small amount of dark chocolate per day, the skin becomes softer and more pleasant to the touch. Chocolate supplies the coating with flavonols, which promote better absorption of ultraviolet rays.

Check with a doctor

Is the most complex form cancer. It is also called skin cancer and is often confused with other conditions. Therefore, even for the sake of prevention, you should periodically visit a dermatologist. Most often, melanoma affects women between 20 and 40 years old - this is the most reproductive age. Therefore, one should not deprive humanity of hope for tomorrow and for the continuation of the race.

Dermatologist what kind of doctor is this? Reception and consultation. Basic methods of diagnosis and treatment

Thank you

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

Make an appointment with a Dermatologist

To make an appointment with a doctor or diagnostics, you just need to call a single phone number
+7 495 488-20-52 in Moscow

Or

+7 812 416-38-96 in St. Petersburg

The operator will listen to you and redirect the call to the necessary clinic, or take an order for an appointment with the specialist you need.

Or you can press the green button "Sign up Online" and leave your phone number. The operator will call you back within 15 minutes and select a specialist for you that meets your request.

V this moment the appointment is made to specialists and clinics in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

What is a dermatologist?

Dermatologist Is a doctor who specializes in the study, diagnosis and treatment of various skin conditions. In practice, dermatologists deal not only with diseases of the skin itself, but also its appendages ( hair and nails), mucous membranes in contact with external environment... In this case, the nature of skin diseases does not play a decisive role. A dermatologist can treat pathologies caused by infectious, autoimmune or genetic mechanisms. In the process of development of this branch of medicine, it turned out that dermatology was closely related to venereology ( field of sexually transmitted diseases). As a result, the list of pathologies that a dermatologist works with has expanded.

Dermatology as a separate science appeared not so long ago, but the study of skin problems is rooted in the deep past. The first medical treatises, in which attempts are made to systematize skin diseases, date back to 1500 BC. Today, dermatologists are among the most sought-after specialists in medicine. Skin problems appear sooner or later in all people without exception.

What does a dermatologist do?

A dermatologist is responsible for diagnosing and treating various skin conditions. He is the attending physician of patients with such common pathologies as acne, eczema, fungal diseases of the nails and skin. Most dermatologists are also involved in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

A dermatologist can work in a hospital ( dermatovenerological dispensary) or take patients on an outpatient basis ( in the clinic). Patients with serious pathologies requiring intensive treatment are usually admitted to the hospital. There are not many such patients in dermatology. Most of the time, a dermatologist examines patients on an outpatient basis, prescribing treatment at home. In large clinics, there may be a clearer division of responsibilities among physicians. For example, some are engaged in the treatment and diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, the second work only in a hospital, and still others - only at the reception of patients. However, this is an administrative division of labor. In principle, every dermatologist can perform any of these duties.

Interesting facts about dermatologists and dermatology

For several millennia, which the history of dermatology has, many remarkable discoveries have been made in this science.

• The skin is the largest human organ in terms of size and mass. In an adult, its weight ranges between 2.5 and 3 kilograms, and the total area reaches 2 square meters.
• The cells of the surface layer of the skin are constantly renewed. Old cells die off and new ones take their place. A complete renewal takes about a month, but in some pathologies this process can be accelerated or, conversely, slowed down.
• In capillaries ( the smallest vessels) of the skin, there is a sufficiently large volume of blood ( about 1.5 l). From here it can be released as needed, for example after severe bleeding. The blood in the capillaries of the skin gives it its characteristic color.
• The area of ​​the palm of an adult is approximately 1 - 1.5% of the total area of ​​the skin.
• Throughout life, the body produces approximately 18 kg of skin cells.
• In the Middle Ages, there was a category of skin diseases called "don't touch me." All skin diseases were assumed to be highly contagious. Only in the twentieth century were infectious skin diseases capable of being transmitted by contact clearly identified.
• The first textbook on dermatology was published in 1572. In it, diseases were divided according to changes in the color and surface of the skin.

What kind of specialist dermatologists are there?

In principle, dermatologists do not have clearly delineated specializations, as is the case with some other specialists. The doctor of this direction diagnoses and treats all kinds of diseases of the skin and its appendages. Including he can be involved in consultation with some other diseases, if there are skin manifestations or symptoms. Therefore, most dermatological specialists have a broad profile. They can treat patients of different ages or genders.

Dermatologist

This specialization does not exist, since skin diseases are the main profile of a dermatologist. The very name of this specialty goes back to the root "dermis" - "skin" in ancient Greek. All specialist dermatologists are well versed in various skin problems, and the quality of treatment is determined only by the experience and qualifications of the doctor. If a doctor does not deal with skin diseases, then by definition he is not a dermatologist.

Children's dermatologist

This specialization is also usually not highlighted. A dermatologist should be equally well versed in skin conditions in patients of all ages. Nevertheless, there are a number of pathologies that can manifest themselves more often precisely in childhood... Any dermatologist should be able to diagnose them, but for treatment he can send the patient to another specialist who has more experience in this area.

Children are more likely than adults to have the following skin conditions:

• toxic erythema;
• adiponecrosis of newborns;
• sclerem;
• congenital skin defects.

All these pathologies are closely related to the age-related development of various skin tissues, therefore, they are found exclusively in children. Since their first symptoms and manifestations may resemble other dermatological diseases, they turn to an ordinary dermatologist. In some cases, a neonatologist, a specialist in diseases of newborn children, may be involved in the consultation.

Dermatologist-cosmetologist

A dermatologist-cosmetologist is a narrow specialist whose main task is not so much the treatment of skin diseases as proper care behind the skin. In principle, a competent specialist in any case can suspect and diagnose most pathologies, as well as prescribe the necessary studies. All dermatologists-cosmetologists have a medical degree and graduated from a medical university. It's just that a cosmetologist is not a doctor and cannot provide qualified assistance in case of various diseases.

A dermatologist-cosmetologist is most often contacted for various skin problems. These are not necessarily independent pathologies, but rather their consequences. As a rule, representatives of this specialty are well acquainted with a wide range of cosmetic products ( ointments, creams, gels, etc.) from various manufacturers.

Consultation with a dermatologist-cosmetologist may be needed in case of the following problems:

• oily skin;
• prolonged peeling of the skin;
• premature appearance of wrinkles;
• changes in skin color, etc.

Of course, many of these problems are directly or indirectly associated with various disorders in the body. If necessary, your doctor will help you identify and eliminate them.

Dermatologist-oncologist

Many different types of skin tumors have been discovered. This explains the emergence of such a science as dermato-oncology. From a medical point of view, it is rather a narrowly focused branch of oncology. However, dermatooncologists who treat these tumors can diagnose other skin conditions as well. This is due to the fact that many pathologies are so-called "precancerous" diseases, that is, over time, without proper treatment, they can give rise to a cancerous tumor. For example, some types of moles ( nevi) can turn into melanoma - a deadly malignant tumor.

Dermatologist-venereologist

A dermatologist-venereologist is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases ( sexually transmitted). Many of these pathologies are manifested by a variety of skin symptoms, which brought these specialties closer together. Currently, all over the world, dermatovenerological dispensaries and clinics are a full-fledged medical unit in the health care system.

Dermatologists-venereologists often face the following pathologies:
In principle, all these diseases can spread to internal organs, which requires the involvement of other specialists. However, the attending physician is usually the dermatologist-venereologist.

Dermatologist-allergist

Many types of allergic reactions can present with skin symptoms. It can be a rash, skin redness, itching. Dermatologists can diagnose the allergic nature of the disease through examination and diagnostic methods. In most cases, they themselves are involved in the treatment of such patients.

In principle, there is no narrow specialization “dermatologist-allergist”, since we are talking about a skin disease that is familiar to all specialists of this profile. Also, dermatologists can independently do skin allergy tests and successfully determine allergens ( allergy-causing substances). Immunologists and allergists are narrower specialists. Of course, they also easily recognize the skin manifestations of allergic reactions, but they will not be able to identify other types of skin lesions, if necessary.

Dermatologist-trichologist

Trichology is a narrow area in dermatology that deals with the study of hair ( predominantly scalp). A trichologist is, in fact, a highly specialized dermatologist. Such specialization really exists and is in great demand in modern society.

Patients are referred to trichologists if they have the following problems:

• abnormal hair growth;
• brittle hair;
• dull hair, etc.

It is trichologists who study the mechanisms of hair growth, and also study the factors that affect this process. They can determine the most suitable shampoos or other hair care products. Also trichologists are engaged in transplantation ( transplant) hair.

Dermatologist surgeon

In principle, in medicine there is no such specialization as a dermatological surgeon. General surgeons or plastic surgeons most often perform the most critical interventions in dermatology. They are recruited for treatment, if necessary, when it comes to fairly large-scale interventions. Such operations as removal of moles, warts or papillomas can also be performed by an ordinary dermatologist.

Most often, surgeons, dermatologists and oncologists work together for different types of skin cancer. In this case, the intervention is not limited to just removing the superficial formation, but requires more radical treatment.

How do you know which dermatologist is needed?

In most cases, the patient himself cannot accurately determine the nature of his disease, so it can be difficult to get to the right specialist right away. In principle, for any skin problem, you just need to contact a dermatologist of any specialization or at least a general practitioner ( family doctor, therapist, etc.). Only they will be able to suspect the correct diagnosis and redirect the patient to a narrower specialist for qualified assistance.

What skin conditions does a dermatologist treat?

The dermatologist's diploma allows this specialist to treat any pathologies associated with the skin. His competence also includes the diagnosis and treatment of many sexually transmitted diseases ( sexually transmitted). Thus, the list of diseases that this specialist deals with is very wide. It should be noted that dermatology stands apart from most others. medical specialties... A doctor of another profile is unlikely to be able to correctly diagnose skin pathologies due to the frequent similarity of symptoms and manifestations. Below are the most common skin and sexually transmitted diseases treated by dermatologists.

Acne ( acne)

Acne ( pimples, acne) is one of the most common skin problems. A significant number of patients ( especially adolescence ) turns to a dermatologist for this very reason. There is usually quite a bit of information gathering to address acne. A dermatologist may prescribe a general and biochemical blood test, ask to check the level of certain hormones. All this will help to establish the cause of acne.

Papillomas

Papillomas are small, benign growths that can be found on the skin or mucous membranes. Currently, it is believed that most papillomas appear due to infection with the human papillomavirus ( HPV). In principle, such formations rarely cause any symptoms ( pain, itching, etc.). However, it is still worth contacting a dermatologist, as he will help determine whether it is really a papilloma, and not another type of tumor ( there are also malignant).

Lichen

There is a fairly large number of lichens - limited skin lesions. Most of them are caused by fungal infections, but similar processes are sometimes caused by other reasons. Lichen is a typical dermatological disease, and when it is detected, it is the dermatologist who deals with the treatment at all stages of the disease.

Melanoma

Melanoma is said to be quite common nowadays. malignant tumor skin that develops from special cells - melanocytes. Due to the presence of dark pigment, melanomas are usually dark in color and can be easily confused with a mole. A dermatologist may suspect or even diagnose melanoma during an examination, but oncologists are still involved in the full treatment of this disease.

A dermatologist can also diagnose psoriasis, but with full treatment this disease more often, however, rheumatologists, specialists in autoimmune pathologies are engaged. After determining the type of disease and the final diagnosis, the patient may well get by with a visit to a dermatologist. His advice may be needed to avoid complications. In general, the disease proceeds with periods of relapse ( exacerbations) and remission ( subsiding of symptoms). During an exacerbation, it is advisable to consult a dermatologist or rheumatologist.

Herpes lips

Herpes is a viral disease that is very common among the world's population. There are several types of this virus. Herpes simplex ( labial herpes, colds) is of the first type. Most often, the disease manifests itself as a typical rash of painful blisters on the lip, but, in principle, the rash can have other localization ( in the area of ​​the eyes, nostrils, etc.). When a herpes develops, consultation with a dermatologist is optional, but advisable. It will especially help patients who often have colds ( several times a year). A specialist will help you choose remedies that will significantly reduce the frequency of rashes and ease the symptoms of the disease. Unfortunately, at the moment there are no drugs that would be 100% likely to remove the virus from the body. The risk of recurrent rashes in the event of a weakened immune system remains high.

Fungus ( mycoses) skin and nails

Fungal diseases are one of the most common causes of damage to the skin and its appendages. There are many types of fungi that are able to colonize and reproduce epithelial cells. A dermatologist is a specialist who, in this case, will deal with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. There are several ways to identify the pathogen. If necessary, you can send samples to a microbiological laboratory, which gives an unambiguous conclusion within a few days.

The following diseases can have a fungal nature:

• inflammatory processes on the skin;
• focal hair loss;
• inflammatory processes in the nail bed;
• delamination and destruction of nails;
• some types of lichen.

Hair loss ( baldness, alopecia)

Hair loss is in most cases a natural process, but it can also be a sign of various pathologies. With this problem, they most often turn to a trichologist. By the nature of hair loss and accompanying symptoms, he may suggest possible reasons this problem. It should be noted that hair can fall out due to various poisoning, exposure to chemical and physical factors, in some pathologies endocrine systems s. It is possible that after examining the patient and carrying out the necessary tests, the trichologist will refer the patient to another specialist for complex treatment.

Allergy

Various allergic reactions are often manifested by skin symptoms, including hives, skin redness, and rashes. When contacting a dermatologist, this specialist usually easily determines the nature of the disease and can prescribe an effective treatment. Most dermatologists can also do their own allergy tests and determine what exactly caused the allergy. However, for prevention and treatment in the future, patients are usually referred for the consultation of an appropriate specialist ( allergist or immunologist).

Eczema

Eczema is a skin rash that can have a variety of causes. Among the most common are allergic reactions, exposure to chemical, physical or mechanical factors, and some internal diseases. With eczema, a dermatologist will definitely find out what exactly is the nature of the inflammatory process. If necessary, the patient will be referred to other specialists. For example, eczema can result from certain liver diseases. Then the attending physician is a hepatologist or gastroenterologist.

Problem skin ( oily, dry, etc.)

There are quite a few different skin problems that can arise in the case of pathologies or in certain situations. Some people, for example, have increased sweating, the skin dries up in summer, and turns blue in winter. All these problems sometimes indicate certain disorders in the body. It is the dermatologist who will help to understand the mechanisms of the onset of these symptoms.

Mole ( nevus)

Moles or birthmarks are not a pathology. These are congenital or acquired features of the development of skin cells. In the vast majority of cases, moles do not pose any serious danger. It is imperative to consult a doctor only if moles appear or grow too quickly, or other symptoms associated with these formations appear. In the most severe cases, we can talk about malignant degeneration of tissues, in which nevi turn into melanomas. The first specialist that patients turn to are dermatologists. They can also remove moles in various ways for medical reasons ( prevention) or at the request of the patient ( cosmetic defect).

Skin pain

In some diseases, one of the symptoms may be soreness of the skin in the absence of any visible damage or other signs of illness. For example, with herpes simplex, the skin of the lip may begin to hurt when touched several days before the breakout appears. You should not ignore this symptom. It is best to consult a dermatologist who, by the location and nature of the pain, can suggest what the problem is.

Dermatologist consultation

Consultation with a dermatologist is aimed at examining the patient and determining further tactics of diagnosis and treatment. In most cases, dermatologists are seen in special offices in hospitals, clinics or dermatovenerologic dispensaries. After the first consultation, the doctor usually prescribes the necessary tests and discusses the time of the next visit with the patient. Further techniques are aimed at carrying out medical procedures or monitoring the disease in dynamics.

Skin symptoms

There are many different skin conditions, but their symptoms and manifestations often overlap. That is why not only the patients themselves, but also doctors of other specializations usually cannot understand the problem. However, the symptoms themselves should be known so that if they appear, contact the right specialist.

In dermatological practice, the following symptoms are most common:

• Itching. This symptom is characterized by the desire to scratch the skin. It is usually caused by insect bites, but it can also accompany some types of rashes, and is common in scabies and many other dermatological conditions.
• Rash. Dermatology distinguishes different kinds rashes. These can be single or multiple formations. Individual elements of the rash may not have inside the cavity ( papules) or contain liquid, pus, or blood ( pustules). In some diseases, the elements of the rash are in the form of blisters, reaching a diameter of several centimeters.
• Redness of the skin. This symptom is most often caused by skin irritation, dilated skin capillaries, or inflammation. For example, with furunculosis, the area of ​​redness surrounds the inflamed hair follicle.
• Peeling of the skin. Peeling is the painless separation of small scales of the stratum corneum from the skin. Rapid keratinization is characteristic of some fungal diseases, metabolic disorders and other processes.
• Spots. In some pathologies, spots appear on the skin, which can merge as it grows in size. Most often, the spots are reddish, but there may be other options. For example, with scleroderma, waxy patches appear on the skin. The skin in this area is thickened and as if taut.
• Dandruff. Dandruff is one of the most common dermatological problems. It can appear against the background of various metabolic disorders. However, sometimes the cause is also in the lesion of the scalp itself.

Each of the above symptoms has many different variations. Often, even the causes of the occurrence of the same symptom differ in different pathologies. If any of these symptoms appear, you should consult a dermatologist for a preventive examination. Most skin diseases respond well to early treatment.

Sign up for a consultation at the KVD ( dermatovenerologic dispensary) or clinic

As in all medical institutions, the appointment for a consultation is usually done through the registry. At first, the patient is recorded for examination by a dermatologist and only then, depending on the results, a second appointment is made for in-depth diagnosis or treatment. This procedure is similar in both public and private medical institutions.

In a polyclinic, dermatologists usually deal with milder and more common diseases. They serve a large number of patients, so the registration to them, as a rule, goes ahead ( days, less often weeks if there are a lot of patients). In private clinics, the queue comes up faster, as the number of patients is usually smaller.

The KVD deals with the treatment of the most serious pathologies, which often require inpatient treatment in a hospital. Typically, these facilities have dermatologists on duty who also see patients. However, most often patients are sent here from polyclinics or by referrals from doctors of other specialties. It is believed that the level of care in the KVD is higher than in a regular polyclinic, since this is a highly specialized medical institution where the most qualified specialists work.

What is the work schedule for a dermatologist at the hospital?

Most general hospitals have a dermatologist. Usually there is no need for his daily shifts, so he works, according to the law, no more than 8 hours a day. During this time, he manages to admit new patients and examine patients in the wards, if he is invited for a consultation.

In private hospitals and health centers, the work schedule of a dermatologist can vary greatly. In specialized institutions ( dermatovenerologic dispensary) there is always a dermatologist on duty who accepts patients at night, if the need arises.

What does a dermatologist look and check during a medical examination?

An examination by a dermatologist usually does not take much time. During the consultation, the doctor tries to collect as much detailed information as possible from the patient himself. The questions he asks may relate to nutrition, the nature of work, living conditions, and other seemingly unrelated things to the disease. In fact, any information can tell a specialist what is the cause of the disease.

Also, during the examination, the doctor carefully examines the patient. Particular attention is paid to the examination of skin lesions, if any. Areas of altered skin, elements of a rash or inflamed areas are examined using a special magnifying glass. As a rule, this is where the initial examination ends, and the doctor draws certain conclusions. Further, he prescribes the necessary, in his opinion, analyzes and examinations in order to confirm or exclude possible pathologies.

How does a dermatologist take?

An appointment with a dermatologist is painless in most cases. It is enough for a good specialist to collect an anamnesis ( information from the patient) and examine the patient to suggest certain illnesses. Patients enter the consultation one at a time. This is necessary to preserve medical confidentiality and respect the rights of the patient. In addition, dermatologists are often confronted with the manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases. As a result, the consultation may require examination of the skin in intimate places.

Can I ask a dermatologist a question and get advice or advice online?

Currently, you can get many different services on the Internet, including consultations from various medical specialists. However, the practical benefit of such a consultation will not be too great. Any competent doctor, consulting a patient via the Internet, will give any recommendations only in the form of assumptions. No real specialist will dare to confirm the diagnosis and draw unambiguous conclusions without examining the patient in person.

• most of the symptoms in dermatology are characteristic of different diseases, and the patient cannot describe them accurately enough for the doctor to make a final diagnosis;
• online patients usually inform the doctor that their test results are outdated or they do not have these results at all;
• examination of the patient is not limited only to examining the site of lesions on the skin, the doctor should also pay attention to general data ( Height Weight, general form and etc.);
• a large number of doctors consulting on the Internet are not highly qualified specialists;
• in most cases, patients "visit" the doctor online only once, and to make the correct diagnosis and prescription effective treatment the patient must be observed in dynamics.

In addition, the overwhelming majority of patients do not take such consultations seriously and rarely follow the advice and recommendations received.

What tests and examinations does a dermatologist do?

During the appointment, the dermatologist himself usually examines the nature of the skin lesions using a special magnifying glass. For a more accurate diagnosis, he can use other devices. For example, many clinics have special UV lamps. In their light, the fungi that colonize the skin are colored in different colors, which allows the doctor to diagnose faster. Many dermatologists are also able to perform allergy skin tests on their own. At the same time, on the patient's skin ( usually on the forearm) special papers are applied, impregnated with certain antigens. It may take some time for the manifestation of allergies, so the result is looked at the next day.

After consultation, the dermatologist may order the following additional tests:

• Blood test. General and biochemical blood tests often help to notice abnormalities in work. various bodies... These disorders help explain the appearance of certain dermatological symptoms. For example, high levels of bilirubin in biochemical test results explain yellowing of the skin and itching, while low levels of hemoglobin explain pallor. Diseases such as acne can develop with high blood sugar or cholesterol levels. In case of baldness, a blood test for hormones may be prescribed.
• Analysis of urine. In the analysis of urine, as in the analysis of blood, you can find signs of violations in the work of various organs, although this study in dermatology is much less informative.
• Biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of a piece of tissue for microscopic analysis. It is one of the most informative diagnostic methods in dermatology. Under a microscope, the doctor sees a change in the cellular structure, the nature of damage to the layers of the skin, and many other minor disorders. Each pathology has its own microscopic disorders, therefore, an accurate diagnosis is usually not difficult. The result comes in 1 - 2 days, as sometimes fabrics need to be dyed.
• Ultrasonography. An ultrasound scan is prescribed if there is a suspicion of violations in the work of various organs. If there is special equipment in the office, the doctor himself can conduct it, but such specialists are rare. Most often, if any problems are detected on an ultrasound scan, the dermatologist sends the patient to a specialized specialist for consultation.
• Microbiological analysis. This analysis carried out in a special laboratory if an infection is suspected. Material ( tissues, secretions, etc.), which the doctor takes at the time of admission, is inoculated here on nutrient media, and then the resulting cultures are studied. The result of such an analysis usually comes in 3 to 5 days.

Do I need to take a blood test before consulting a dermatologist?

Most skin conditions are local problems. In other words, they affect only the skin and do not affect the functioning of other organs and systems. Thus, in patients with dermatological problems, the blood test is usually within the normal range. As a result, it is not necessary to take a blood test immediately before visiting a dermatologist.

On the other hand, as noted above, skin symptoms are inherent in some systemic diseases or infections. In these cases, a blood test can help to make the correct diagnosis and give the doctor a more complete picture of the pathology. However, the first thing a dermatologist does is usually look directly at the skin lesions and symptoms. If you suspect more serious illness he himself will give a referral for a blood test, and he will note which indicators should be checked first.

A blood test can be helpful for skin symptoms of the following conditions:

• hair loss;
• psoriasis;
• fungal diseases ( Not all);
• melanoma, etc.

In each case, the doctor will be interested in certain indicators. For example, with melanoma, there may be serious abnormalities in general and biochemical analysis blood, with psoriasis - signs of an inflammatory process. Baldness is sometimes the result of hormonal imbalance, which is also checked through special analysis blood.

Thus, a blood test is necessary only in cases where the patient already has a basic diagnosis and another specialist has sent him for consultation to a dermatologist. In these cases, it is advisable to take with you the results of previous tests or conclusions from the medical history. This will help the dermatologist navigate more quickly with additional diagnostics or treatment. If the patient simply has any signs of skin diseases, it is not necessary to take a blood test. After consultation, the doctor will decide for himself whether there is a need for it.

How long does it take to see a dermatologist?

The duration of a dermatologist visit can vary widely. This is influenced by many different factors, which are not always related only to medicine. For example, in public polyclinics of a wide profile, as a rule, there are many patients. Accordingly, the doctor devotes less time to each of them, and the visit lasts less. In private clinics or highly specialized hospitals, there are fewer patients, so each patient can be given more time.

In general, the duration of a dermatologist consultation depends on the following factors:

• the number of patients in the queue by appointment;
• the patient's condition ( seriously ill patients are usually taken earlier and examined longer);
• the disease itself ( sometimes it is difficult to make a correct diagnosis in one visit and the doctor spends more time on the patient).

On average, in a regular clinic, a visit to a dermatologist can take less than 10 minutes. The doctor's task during this time is to determine the nature of the problem, prescribe tests to confirm the diagnosis, and schedule the patient for a second consultation after receiving the test results. In private clinics and specialized institutions, a consultation can last up to half an hour or more. Sometimes, during the first visit, the doctor may offer a radical solution to the problem ( such as removing a wart or papilloma). Of course, even such a small surgical intervention can prolong the visit.

Is scraping necessary to diagnose skin pathology?

Scraping is the removal of some tissue from the affected skin. The tissue is taken for the purpose of further microscopic diagnostics. Scraping is not needed for all dermatological diseases, but only for those accompanied by desquamation or detachment of the epithelium. Only in these cases will the procedure be painless for the patient. For other skin lesions, a biopsy is performed for the same purpose - a neat cutting of a small piece of tissue with a scalpel.

Where to go for urgent help from a dermatologist?

So called emergency conditions, in which there is a serious danger to the life and health of the patient, are very rare in dermatology. Basically, patients of this profile suffer from cosmetic problems or their symptoms are reduced to itching or moderate pain. Very few dermatological pathologies require urgent treatment.

In general, in settlements there is usually a 24-hour duty department where you can find a dermatologist. However, getting to him, say, in the middle of the night, is difficult. If the patient believes that he needs urgent help, it is necessary to contact the ambulance service. The doctor who comes to the call will assess his condition and decide which department the patient should be hospitalized in. In the overwhelming majority of cases, severely ill patients do not suffer from dermatological problems ( with which to wait), but from violations in the work of other organs. The patient is admitted to a regular hospital, and the next day, if necessary, is called for a consultation with a dermatologist.

Is there a separate room for a dermatologist's examination?

Most dermatology rooms have special curtains or examination rooms. This is because dermatological and venereal diseases are often closely related. The absence of separate rooms for examination can be regarded as a violation of the patient's rights.

Do healthy adults need consultations with a dermatologist?

A dermatologist is usually consulted if any skin symptoms appear or if a doctor's advice is needed. Typically, most healthy adults do not see this specialist for preventive purposes... It is enough to regularly see your family doctor or therapist. If necessary, they will refer the patient to a dermatologist themselves.

Do I need a dermatologist's opinion to visit the pool?

The need for a certificate from a dermatologist is determined by the administration of the pool itself. Some of them actually ask to bring a certificate from this specialist on the first visit. This is a preventative measure to prevent the spread of certain contagious skin diseases. It should be noted that it is very difficult to contract any disease in the pool itself through chlorinated water. The risk is increased when you visit changing rooms, showers, towels, washcloths, etc. together. The most common disease that can be picked up here is fungus.

What is the cost of a visit to a dermatologist?

The cost of a visit to a dermatologist can vary widely. In government clinics, consultation and even treatment can be free or very cheap. This is due to budget funding of the institution or the presence of state health insurance. The insurance, however, does not include all dermatological diseases. Skin problems that are cosmetic in nature, but do not pose a threat of various complications, are usually not included here.

In private clinics, high prices can be for the following procedures:

• microbiological analysis;
• scraping or biopsy;
• removal of warts, papillomas or moles ( cryofreezing, laser, or conventional surgery);
• some cosmetic procedures.

Private clinics have the right to set tariffs for their services themselves, since they usually use more expensive equipment and drugs, which must be recouped.

Treatment by a dermatologist

In most cases, treatment with a dermatologist takes a long time. Patients come to the specialist several times so that he can look at the development of the disease in dynamics or see how effective the prescribed treatment is. In the overwhelming majority of cases in dermatology, they use local funds... They act directly on the affected area and therefore do not cause serious side effects.

Most often, dermatologists prescribe the following dosage forms:

• ointments;
• creams;
• solutions for external use;
• gels;
• powders;
• medicated shampoos.

Also, dermatologists during treatment can perform some simple surgical procedures... For example, washing pustules on the skin or removing dead layers. There are several types of physiotherapy treatments in dermatology. First of all, these are various types of radiation that disinfect the surface of the skin and accelerate healing.

In some cases, dermatologists may prescribe and complex treatment, which includes taking pills, injections, or even droppers. This is usually necessary for systemic diseases that manifest skin symptoms. Taking pills is also necessary in case of serious infections ( fungal diseases, inflammatory and purulent processes on the skin). Of course, if necessary, doctors of other specialties are also involved for consultation.

What equipment and tools does a dermatologist use?

The set of equipment and tools that dermatologists need for patient admission, diagnosis and treatment is very small. The most useful are special dermatological loupes, which are used to thoroughly examine skin lesions. Currently, there are many different models of this device. Many of them are equipped with a special lamp for good illumination.

In addition to the magnifying glass in the dermatologist's office, you can see the following tools and equipment:

• Laser. Many dermatological surgeries are now equipped with special devices that allow using a laser to remove some cosmetic defects ( papillomas, warts, spots on the skin, etc.).
• Scalpels and probes. A standard set of sterile instruments is usually used to treat the surface of the skin with purulent inflammation or to take a piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes ( scraping, biopsy).
• Microscope. Not all dermatological offices have microscopes. Sometimes they can help to make a diagnosis faster, since the doctor has the opportunity to immediately see the cellular structure of tissues on the spot.
• Dermatoscope. Dermatoscopes are improved magnifying glasses that allow you to get a close look at various skin lesions and other lesions. The multiple magnification and good image on modern devices makes it possible to diagnose many skin diseases at an early stage.
• Wood lamp. This lamp emits ultraviolet light, in which some fungi can be better seen. It is used to make a preliminary diagnosis of ringworm and some other fungal skin diseases.
• Dermatome. This is the name of a special apparatus for gently removing a thin flap of skin. It is usually used in transplantation, but it can also be used to take a tissue sample for analysis.

What drugs, creams and ointments does a dermatologist use?

Modern pharmaceutical products offer a wide range of different medicines in the form of ointments or gels. This allows you to act directly on the affected area and reduces the risk of side effects that are characteristic of tablets or injections.

In dermatology, ointments and creams with the following active ingredients are often used:

• Antifungal agents. Necessary for the destruction of various fungi with ringworm, some types of alopecia, nail fungus. As a rule, such funds must be used for a long time to completely destroy the infection.
• Antibiotics Antibiotic ointments are used for most inflammatory and purulent diseases skin. They are necessary for the destruction of microbes in the outbreak. With carbuncles and boils, a parallel course of antibiotics in the form of injections, capsules or tablets is required.
• Corticosteroid medications. These drugs contain hormones and their analogues that reduce inflammation, allergic reactions, pain and itching. They are widely used in the treatment of a wide variety of dermatological diseases. In the case of rheumatic pathologies with an autoimmune nature ( scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.), such ointments become the mainstay of treatment.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They are used to relieve pain and inflammation in certain pathologies.
• Means for moisturizing the skin. Such ointments have a rather cosmetic and prophylactic effect. They provide nutrients to the skin cells.
• Means for tissue regeneration. These funds are necessary for the accelerated recovery of dead cells and tissues. They reduce the likelihood of scars, scars and other marks that may remain after skin conditions.

If necessary, a dermatologist can prescribe a parallel administration of the same drugs in the form of ointments and, for example, tablets. This will enhance the healing effect and accelerate recovery.

Will a dermatologist help you choose a shampoo?

Hair is an appendage of the skin, so dermatologists can provide real help with problems with them. The scalp specialists are trichologists. It is to them that patients with various diseases affecting hair. A qualified trichologist can always tell the patient which shampoo will help with the problem. Of course, you can't rely only on shampoo. Many diseases will also require medication. However, medicated shampoos can actually provide a regular supply of essential nutrients. In case of severe problems, it is worth contacting a specialist to choose a shampoo.

Paid and free dermatologist

Basically, there is no such thing as a "paid" or "free" dermatologist. In private clinics, owners have the right to set tariffs for specialist consultations themselves ( within the limits determined by law). That is why a visit to a dermatologist in such clinics will be paid and often quite expensive. In state institutions, doctors are conditionally admitted free of charge, as they receive salaries from the state budget. In countries with a developed health insurance system, the insurance company pays for the consultation, respectively.

Does a private dermatologist come home?

Currently, the scope of providing medical services very extensive. There are private clinics that, for an increased fee, can arrange for a dermatologist to come home at a time convenient for the patient. However, for this you need to independently find an organization that provides such services.

In general, ambulance teams or family doctors usually go home. The family doctor may well suspect the correct diagnosis himself when various skin symptoms appear. If necessary, he will appoint a consultation with a dermatologist. If the patient is in serious condition, he is usually hospitalized and the dermatologist will conduct an examination already in the hospital.

Do I need to go to the hospital for a dermatological disease?

Not all dermatological diseases require compulsory inpatient treatment in a hospital. In most cases, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis ( the patient himself comes periodically for consultations and procedures). This is because there is no immediate threat to life. Typically, patients with dermatological diseases suffer from cosmetic defects or severe symptoms that are, in fact, not dangerous.

Nevertheless, there are a number of pathologies in which patients are advised to go to the clinic for a period from several days to several weeks. In these cases, we are talking about rare diseases that threaten the patient's life or threaten with serious complications from other organs. They are usually put in the hospital for a full diagnosis, necessary medical procedures or for the duration of an exacerbation.

Inpatient treatment may be required when the following diseases skin:

• skin cancer;
• surgical removal of warts, nevi or papillomas ( not always);
• exacerbation of psoriasis ( due to the risk of complications from the joints);
• some dermatitis;
• boils and carbuncles;
• some congenital diseases;
• stomatitis in children;
• atypical forms of herpes ( shingles, herpes in the nose and eyes, etc.).

Does a dermatologist treat pregnant women?

Dermatologists treat skin problems and diseases in all categories of the population. In women during pregnancy, due to changes in the functioning of the immune and endocrine systems, dermatological diseases appear and worsen more often than on average in other people. In most cases, such diseases do not pose an immediate threat to the mother or fetus, but it is imperative to go to a consultation.

Where can I find a job for a dermatologist?

In most private clinics, vacancies are discussed with the administration. Often, these institutions advertise in newspapers or on specialized websites. However, there are usually not many places for dermatologists in private clinics, since this is a rather prestigious specialization and there is a lot of competition for places.

In government clinics, the number of dermatologists required is determined by the Ministry of Health. The ministry's website usually has a section with available vacancies. The administration of the hospital and the head physician are directly responsible for hiring.

If a dermatovenerologist is needed, what this doctor is treating, patients are often interested. After all, any person will have to face a medical specialist of this profile at least once in their life. Either due to illness or as a preventive measure.

It is necessary to get rid of the fear of seeing such a doctor. And the best way to overcome fear is to get as much information as possible.

So, the doctor is a dermatovenerologist what heals, people are often interested, and what tests the dermatovenerologist takes.

How is the examination going, and are there any rules that should be followed to prepare for visiting the office?

• For what symptoms is it recommended to visit a dermatovenerologist

Dermatovenereologist: what kind of doctor is this

If it becomes necessary to undergo a dermatovenerologist, many patients fall into a stupor. Since they may not know what kind of doctor he is, and what he does.

Essentially, dermatovenerology is a related specialty that includes venereology and dermatology. Doctors of the first profession specialize in working with sexually transmitted diseases that are sexually transmitted in the human population.

Physicians of the second profession work with skin diseases of various origins. It would seem what kind of connection there can be between the skin and the genitals. In fact, it exists, and a straight line.

Many that can be infected during sexual intercourse are capable of provoking the appearance of negative changes on the skin.

In this regard, dermatology and venereology often go hand in hand. Since if the doctor does not know the skin manifestations of a particular venereal disease, he simply will not be able to make the correct diagnosis.

A dermatovenerologist is a doctor who can treat both sexually transmitted and skin diseases. Naturally, within this profession, many workers can give their preference to any one specialty. But they need knowledge of both directions in order to work fully.

What diseases does a dermatovenerologist deal with?

Patients are interested in what dermatovenerologist treats. The list of pathologies this medical professional works with is very extensive.

First of all, it includes various sexually transmitted diseases, including:

In addition to sexually transmitted diseases, the list of which is very extensive, the doctor deals with the treatment of skin diseases. There are also quite a few of them. The list of skin pathologies includes:

• acne - a disease in which a large number of acne appears on the skin, mainly in the face area;
• dermatitis - inflammation in the skin of a different nature;
• vitiligo is a pathology, the mechanism of development of which is still unknown, etc.

Before going to the hospital, you need to know for what symptoms to see a doctor. After all, this is a specialized doctor, you will not visit him to complain about pain in the abdomen or legs.

Also, the idea that it is worth visiting a doctor may appear in a patient if he sees changes on the skin of the genitals. This can, for example, redness, swelling, swelling of veins, an increase in size beyond the norm, etc. You will also have to apply if the patient suffers from any skin problems.

The doctor will help with excessive dryness of the skin, peeling, various rashes, acute and chronic pathologies affecting the skin. Naturally, the greatest effect from a visit can be achieved if you consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Rules for preparing for examination by a dermatovenerologist

Often, patients are concerned about how the examination is going on, and whether any special preparation is necessary for it. It is worth deciding how to prepare for an appointment based on the presence of symptoms. However, there is a list of rules common to all patients. Among them:

If the preparation for the appointment is done correctly, the examination will bring the maximum result.

How is the examination of a dermatovenerologist

Examination by a dermatovenerologist scares many people. After all, few people know exactly how the procedure goes.

Will there be any painful or unpleasant sensations during it, how the doctor will behave. First of all, the patient needs to calm down before visiting the doctor.

The doctor, just like his patient, is determined to treat the disease, and will do everything to help. Knowing how the examination is going will help to overcome fear and calmly visit the cherished office.

Examination by a dermatovenerologist in women

How the appointment goes, if a woman turns to this doctor, patients often ask. Basically, the circuit is very simple.

It is the same for both the fairer sex and the stronger sex. First of all, the doctor talks to the patient. At this stage, the doctor's task is to obtain the maximum amount of information. About what the symptoms of the disease are, how long ago they appeared, whether there are factors that provoke them.

Taking anamnesis is an important step that cannot be ignored. After the history has been collected, the doctor will proceed with the examination.

If we are talking about a specific problem, then the woman will have to be ready to show the doctor directly to the problem area. This can be, for example, a part of the back, arms, face, genital area, etc.

If there is a suspicion of infection with a sexually transmitted infection, the woman will have to undergo an examination on a gynecological chair. During it, the doctor will establish what the condition of the reproductive organs is, and whether there are signs of infections. After the general examination and collection of anamnesis have been completed, the doctor will give recommendations on tests to clarify the diagnosis, and also advise on therapeutic measures.

Examination by a dermatovenerologist in men

How is the appointment going if a man had to visit the doctor, many patients ask. In principle, there are no significant differences from the algorithm for examining women.

Naturally, a man is not examined with a gynecological chair. The doctor simply assesses the condition of the external genital organs if necessary. Also, if necessary, a digital rectal examination can be performed.

Dermatovenereologist: tests for diagnosis

It is important to know what kind of skin and smear tests a dermatovenerologist takes in order to be ready to receive referrals for research.

In most cases, the doctor recommends, depending on the pathology, either take the material directly from the skin if it has any defects. Or from the genitals, if there is a suspicion of a venereal disease.

It is performed in both men and women. In a woman, material is collected from the vagina, from the external genital organs, as well as from some other areas. In a man, the sampling area is always the urethra.

V rare cases additional fence may be required from the anal area.

Is it painful to take a smear, patients are interested. It all depends on who is taking the smear. Women do not experience discomfort in most cases. For men, the procedure is usually unpleasant and sometimes painful. But it is necessary to go through it in order to accurately establish the diagnosis and choose the optimal treatment tactics.

After the biological material is obtained, it can be examined by several methods. First of all, microscopy and culture are performed. If these methods do not give objective results, the study is supplemented by PCR, ELISA and other methods.

What blood tests for allergies does a dermatovenerologist take if there is a suspicion of an allergic reaction? This doctor can perform allergy tests if he has the necessary equipment and reagents for this.

Are there pediatric dermatovenerologists

Often, skin diseases are detected in children, which forces the parents to contact the appropriate specialist with the child. But not everyone knows that children can also get sick with sexually transmitted diseases. Moreover, these pathologies pose a particular danger to them.

What a pediatric dermatovenerologist treats is often a question for parents. After all, it seems that sexually transmitted diseases are not peculiar to children.

In fact, a child can get a sexually transmitted disease if his mother was sick during pregnancy. This transmission path is called vertical. And, of course, children are also not immune from skin diseases.

Examination by a pediatrician is somewhat different from that of an adult. So, for example, girls are not looked at on the gynecological chair even if a venereal infection is suspected. Since in the case of a child, it is most often already systemic in nature, and its symptoms are so. The examination of the baby is carried out as tactfully as possible. And the anamnesis is collected mainly with the help of an adult relative, who is usually present during the visit to the doctor.

How to find a good dermatovenerologist

The question of how to find a good dermatovenerologist worries many patients. After all, now there are quite a few representatives of this profession. Alas, not all of them are competent enough to treat this or that patient. When visiting a doctor for the first time, it is recommended to pay attention to:

It is important to remember that the concept of a good doctor is a very subjective thing.

To some, a well-known doctor with a huge number of positive reviews may seem like an excellent specialist. And someone just won't work out communication.

When choosing a doctor, it is recommended to read reviews about him on the Internet. Thanks to this, it will be possible to understand how attentive the doctor is, how he conducts the appointment. Does he have any specific features that may be unacceptable for a particular patient. For example, people with tattoos may avoid doctors who often indicate their presence, etc.

It is always important to remember that reviews are only a guideline, not an indication for action!

Is the research anonymous with a dermatovenerologist?

Often, people delay contacting dermatovenerologists because they are afraid that their disease will quickly become known to everyone around them. People are interested in whether they report to work and home in case of diseases of this profile. In fact, it is still unclear where this myth first appeared from.

After all, the doctor is, working with the patient, not only under the control of the Hippocratic oath, but also under the control of the criminal code. The doctor has no right to disclose information received from the patient, and also cannot inform everyone about his diagnosis. Exceptions to the rule are made if the patient poses an immediate threat to the people around him.

Naturally, if a person is treated in a dermatovenerologic hospital, even of a state type, he is under the protection of the criminal code. Nobody has the right to disclose information about his disease.

If the doctor gets caught doing this, nothing good for medical worker it won't end. When visiting private doctors, there are no problems with anonymity at all. Doctors care about their good name and keep patient secrets secret.

Features of obtaining a certificate from a dermatovenerologist

They often visit this doctor not to complain about any unpleasant symptoms and to receive recommendations for their elimination.

And in order to get help.

You may need help from this doctor:

• when applying for some types of work;
• when visiting the pool and some other public places;
• when a woman is sent to a maternity hospital for childbirth, etc.

A certificate from a dermatovenerologist at the wife's maternity hospital, for visiting the pool or when applying for a job in most cases is quite easy.

If the patient has no complaints, he can visit the doctor, and the doctor will issue required document after a short conversation and examination.

In exceptional cases, tests are required to accurately confirm that the patient is completely healthy.

A dermatovenerologist is an important physician in the modern world.

The doctor helps to fight sexually transmitted infections, which are now very common.

He also selects therapy for the treatment of various skin diseases, from which no one is immune.

At the appearance of the first suspicious symptoms related to the dermatovenerological area, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

If you need a dermatovenerologist, contact competent specialists.

Is engaged in the treatment of any skin diseases: psoriasis, eczema, neurodermatitis and others chronic diseases; fungal infections nails and hair; age-related skin dysfunctions (acne). In some diseases of the body, the skin is often affected, in this case, a dermatologist's consultation is also required for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the general disease.

(see also Mycologist, Trichologist)

What is the competence of a doctor Dermatologist

If you have any problem related to the condition of the skin, you should contact a dermatologist who will diagnose and prescribe the necessary procedures to get rid of the existing disease. Before using certain drugs, an allergic skin test should be done in order to find out whether there is any allergy to the specific ingredients contained in them. The dermatologist will tell the patient what to avoid and make a personal plan to overcome the problem. He can also answer questions of concern to the patient and provide additional information on which types of cosmetics and skin care products are safest for him.

What diseases does the Dermatologist deal with?

- Actinomycosis of the skin;
- Alopecia;
- Angiitis (vasculitis) of the skin;
- Atopic dermatitis;
- Balanoposthitis;
- Warts;
- Vitiligo;
- Gonorrhea;
- Dermatitis;
- Ichthyosis;
- Candidiasis;
- Itchy skin;
- Genital warts;
- Hives;
- Layela syndrome;
- Leprosy (leprosy);
- Inguinal lymphogranulomatosis;
- Deprive red flat;
- Deprive pityriasis;
- Deprive pink;
- Mastocytosis;
- Microsporia;
- Molluscum contagious;
- Pyoderma;
- Prurigo (prurigo);
- Psoriasis;
- Pemphigus is true;
- Skin cancer;
- Rosacea;
- Rubrophytia;
- Seborrhea;
- Syphilis;
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
- Toxidermia;
- Trichophytosis (ringworm);
- Common acne (youthful);
- Favus (scab);
- Scabies "/> Scabies;
- Chancre is soft;
- Eczema;
- Epidermophytosis;
- Erythema nodosum;
- Erythrasma.

What organs the doctor deals with Dermatologist

Skin, mucous membrane, hair, nails.

When to see a Dermatologist

- unhealthy skin color,
- all kinds of stains,
- various rashes,
- "bags" and wrinkles,
- puffiness,
- cracks,
- acne,
- spider veins,
- cellulite.

When and what tests need to be done

- General analysis urine;
- General blood analysis;
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE);
- Allergic panel Ig G;
- Allergic screening (mixed adult, inhalation, food, mixed children);
- Herpetic infections;
- Measles;
- Syphilis;
- Herpeviruses (I-II, III, IV, V, VI type);
- Human herpes virus;
- Puncture cytology: skin;
- Scrapings from the skin and nails for fungi;
- Scrapings from the skin and eyelashes for mites (demodex).

What are the main types of diagnostics usually carried out by a Dermatologist

- Microscopy (skin scraping - diagnostics of mycoses, scabies).
- Tscytology (study of cell structure - Diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, skin cancer, human papillomavirus, cystic dermatoses).
- Histology (skin biopsy - morphological confirmation of the diagnosis)
- Immunofluorescence study (diagnosis of autoimmune diseases).
- PCR diagnostics (skin infections).
- Rheumatoid factor;
- Diagnostics of diseases of the liver and pancreas. Skin covers almost the entire body and keeping it in good shape is far from easy. You need to have time to fight against the appearance of acne, sun damage, dryness, irritation, unwanted hair, or all together.

But there is also good news: Almost 1000 new layers of skin appear during life, so you have many opportunities to make sure that the skin can be smooth and silky. To help with this, we conducted research and discussed this topic with a large number of dermatology experts. Follow the suggested tips and your skin will look perfect.

Moisturize

If your skin absorbs whatever you put on it, then you are wasting money. Forget all the active ingredients added to the moisturizer, says Ranella Hirsch, president of the American Society for Cosmetic Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery. Look for lotions containing hyaluronic acid or glycerin to help keep your skin hydrated.

Choose red

A recent British study found that those who ate five tablespoons of tomato paste every day did not suffer from painful sunburn, compared to those who did not eat the paste. Researchers think that lycopene, a strong natural antioxidant found in tomatoes, helps protect skin from burns.

This is not an excuse to lower your sun protection factor, but at least you have a good reason to go to your favorite Italian restaurant.

Take it easy

Not that you have to worry about that either, but it is true that stress affects the color and appearance of facial skin. Researchers from the University of England in Manchester have proven that for many of us, the biggest stressor is public speaking. They took skin samples from the cheeks of people who performed and then compared the cellular activity.

Tense skin showed a 16.4% reduction in regulatory immune system cells. Another study found that stress triggers acne.

Of course, you cannot protect your skin from presentations, but if you find yourself in stressful situations often, pamper your skin.

Forget fried

The research team put a group of 23 people on a high-protein, low-glycemic diet for 12 weeks. As a result, their skin is much better. The incidence of skin blemishes was reduced by 21.9%, compared with 13.8% in the control group, which followed a high-carbohydrate diet. (Benefit: All low-carb subjects have lost weight!)

While the researchers cannot say for sure whether weight loss or dietary changes were the original cause of skin improvement, the researchers advise increasing lean protein and cutting back on high-glycemic foods.

Don't forget about the soul

Every time you sweat, your body produces more sebum (an oil secretion that clogs pores), says dermatologist Audrey Kunin. So if you feel like skipping a shower after a warm-up, don't do it! Since sweat and sebum are great breeding grounds for bacteria, showering in cool water after any activity is a must.

Use products that contain a glycolic cleaner or salicylic acid.

Don't waste your money on expensive cleansers

There is no need to buy expensive cleansers with fancy ingredients, says photobiologist Daniel Jarosch, author of The New Science of Beautiful Skin. They sit on your skin for less than a minute, and they don't have enough time to really make an effect.

Some expensive ingredients can even cause irritation (such as mint and eucalyptus).

Start with inexpensive funds for washing and glycerin soap. It is very important to remove dirt, oil and dead skin cells without drying it out.

Paint your lips

We're talking about an UV protected lip balm right now, not a ruby ​​red lipstick. The lip area (as well as the area around the eyes) is covered by the thinnest skin on our body, so they need extra protection. A study report from a member of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery states that only 47% of people use lip protectors containing UV blockers, very little, as lips have a high risk of cancer.

Have a snack

Many studies show that fruits and vegetables protect and repair the skin. Thus, by adding foods containing vitamins A and C (antioxidants) to your daily diet, you will certainly improve the condition of your skin. Particularly recommended: green leafy foods, cantaloupe, citrus fruits (especially oranges), blueberries, strawberries, and bell peppers.

Use anti-aging products!

Do not wait for the first wrinkles to appear, even women in their twenties are advised to use a retinoid, with the exception of pregnancy or breastfeeding. Retinoids, which contain vitamin A, are one of the most potent agents in preventing and modifying sun damage and the symptoms of aging.

They accelerate skin renewal by removing old clogged pore cells and increase collagen production to prevent wrinkles.

Change milk

If you are struggling with the appearance of acne, then milk will add to your troubles. As three studies show, the more milk teens drink, the more skin problems they have.

Researchers report that women in their twenties and thirties may be sensitive to hormones in milk.

If you love this drink, but want to improve the condition of your skin, it is better to replace it with a soy counterpart.

Remove hair

Painless hair removal sounds deceiving, but nonetheless, it is an investment that you will not regret: studies have shown that special creams that slow hair growth, when combined with laser removal hair increases the effectiveness of the procedure by 60 percent.

Treat the cause of the headache

Research by the Queensland (Australia) Institute for Medical Research has shown that people who regularly take pain relievers, including aspirin, are at risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma, a common form of skin cancer. Here is another reason to treat the cause of the headache, not its consequences.

Relieve redness

An estimated 14 million people in the United States suffer from red acne, a symptom that can be caused by alcohol, spicy foods, exercise, and sun exposure. Researchers have proven that skin can be soothed with a special skin brush. Gentle exfoliation allows the skin to heal effectively.

Eat natural foods

Eat more natural, organic foods. If environmental standards are important to you, give preference to goods from Europe. On products manufactured in the United States, look for the National Food Association logo, which indicates that 95 percent of the ingredients are natural and do not pose a health hazard.

Take care of the eye area

How important it is to have a special cream for each part of the body. Do we really need another eye cream?

In fact, yes. The skin around the eyes is thin and needs extra care.

These products contain fewer irritants such as retinol, acetohydroxy acid synthetase and glycolic acid.

Protect your skin from UV light

To protect your face from ultraviolet radiation, you need to cover it with at least one tablespoon of sunscreen with a sun protection factor of at least 30.

But who wants to walk around with a thick layer of cream?

There is an easy solution to this problem: apply a cream, then a shade containing sunscreen or mineral powder containing titanium or zinc oxide, natural UV barriers.

Take care of your feet

Smooth legs are sexy and healthy. Cuts and abrasions take a long time to heal and are more susceptible to infections, as this is an easy entry point for germs.

Prevent small cracks from appearing with a moisturizer, which is recommended to be applied daily before bed.

Also, try not to shave your legs two to three days before going to a pedicure - foot baths in salons are a breeding ground for bacteria.

Don't over complicate the process

The average amount of skin care products for adults is seven! These are cleansers, moisturizers, exfoliators, and all kinds of serums. This is a lot! To prevent overloading of the skin with components and reduce irritation, you need to limit skin care to only those products that contain no more than 10 components.

According to Draelos' theory, the fewer ingredients in a product, the less likely it is to cause skin problems. And always wait at least five minutes between each application.

Keep your bed linen fresh

When you sleep, lotions, styling gels, and sweat remain on the bedding.
Sheets need to be changed weekly. At the very least, putting on a new pillowcase over your pillow to prevent clogged pores.

Use self-tanners wisely

During the first eight hours after using a self-tanner, your skin is especially susceptible to free radical damage from sunlight.

Researchers examined skin samples with self-tanning ingredients, dioxyacetone increased the level free radicals(180% more!) formed during the period of interaction with the sun. Another component of self-tanning, erythrulose, produced a similar reaction.

Researchers report that when exposed to sunlight, the interaction of self-tanning ingredients and skin produces free radicals.

A safe way to get a beautiful and healthy tan is to avoid direct sunlight for at least 12 hours after applying the cream.

Choose the right amount

You may be thinking that the higher the sun protection factor is on the tube of cream, the safer you will be in direct sunlight. However, this is not entirely true, sun protection factor 15 blocks 94% of ultraviolet rays; and the indicator 30 is only 98%. Switching to means of protection with a factor of 50 will again add only one percent.

The best option is a broad spectrum sunscreen with zinc oxide and stabilizing ingredients.

Let the shine be

Hormonal processes during sleep cause the sebaceous glands to work, so 14 hours later, your skin becomes shiny and oily. However, products that normalize skin secretions prevent unpleasant shine and acne.

Quit smoking

You've probably heard about the dangers of smoking more than once, but just in case, to your attention new information regarding the effect of smoking on appearance:

A 2007 study showed that smoking ages the skin of the body, even in areas that are not exposed to the sun's rays. Researchers report that smokers have pronounced wrinkles even on the inner surface of their hands.

Smoking accelerates the aging process!

Treat yourself to sweet

Research shows that small servings of dark chocolate (milk contains too much fat and sugar) will supply your skin with extra flavonols, protective nutrients that scientists believe will absorb UV light and increase blood flow to your skin.

One German study found that the skin of women who ate small amounts of chocolate daily for 12 weeks was softer, less irritated, and up to 25% less susceptible to sun damage.

Don't forget about doctors

No one, of course, can force you to see a doctor. However, only a doctor will be able to make a correct diagnosis in time. In fact, over 90 percent of dermatologists have seen one or more patients within the past year with skin cancer who have been misdiagnosed by a non-dermatologist.

Melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, is the third most common cancer among women between the ages of 20 and 39, so don't hesitate to see a specialist.

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