Where does laryngotracheitis appear in children. Laryngotracheitis in children: treatment and prevention

Respiratory disease in children

This disease is of interest to all young parents. The question of what is laryngotracheitis in children and how it is characterized is often asked to doctors. Based on the answers of leading experts, it becomes clear that this respiratory disease has a somewhat similar clinical picture with an advanced stage of SARS or false croup, so they are often confused. In fact, there is not so much in common among them, just a few similar symptoms, but otherwise, these are completely different diseases.

Laryngotracheitis in children, unlike adults, has its own flow features, what is related to the structure of the larynx in babies:

weak respiratory muscles;
loose tissues (fatty and connective) of the subglottic space;
severely narrowed, funnel-shaped larynx.

This disease in medical clinical practice has 2 main names: laryngitis, or laryngytracheitis. This is due to the mechanism of its development. Laryngotracheitis in children is a pathological condition of the upper respiratory tract, in which the inflammatory process occurs not only in the larynx, but also in the initial sections of the trachea. In addition, this disease can be called acute laryngitis or false croup, as it very often leads to non-infectious stenosis of the larynx.

For the most part, it develops due to the prolonged progression of SARS. This can happen for 2 reasons - due to ignoring the timely treatment of respiratory viral infection or its inefficiency, which arose as a result of errors in the course of therapy prescribed by the doctor. Parents of newly born babies should be especially attentive to medical prescriptions for any, because if laryngotracheitis develops in an infant, dangerous consequences in the form of acute stenosis of the larynx will arise very quickly. The famous TV doctor, pediatrician of the highest category, it is mandatory for young mothers to study the alarming symptoms of a dangerous pathological condition.

Causes of laryngotracheitis in children

Children under 5-6 years of age are most susceptible to the development of this disease. This is not surprising, because in addition to the specific structural features of the larynx, they have immaturity. immune system.

That is why the main causes of laryngotracheitis in children preschool age should be looked for in the following:

viral infections (ARVI, rubella, scarlet fever, chickenpox,). These diseases in babies are difficult to treat due to reduced immunity, and often lead to the development of serious complications;
pathogenic bacterial microflora. When examining sputum from the larynx, crops are often found in it. pathogenic bacteria staphylococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus and the like.

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx

Laryngotracheitis, despite the causes present, does not always develop in children. Experts explain this factor by the fact that a certain impetus is needed for the appearance of negative symptoms of the disease. In the case of the pathological condition of the larynx and trachea, the main role is played by such unfavorable factors as stridor (a congenital anomaly of its structure), paratrophy (overweight crumbs due to improper feeding) and perinatal (intrauterine) damage to the central nervous system. Also, predisposing factors can be hypothermia of the baby or a long stay in a dusty room.

Types of children's laryngotracheitis

This disease has a fairly extensive classification, which includes a large number of manifestations and varieties.

This pathological condition of the upper respiratory tract in order to facilitate diagnosis and selection of a therapeutic course subdivided according to several criteria.:

origin distinguish bacterial laryngotracheitis, allergic and viral. The names in this case speak for themselves and directly indicate the factor that provoked the disease;
according to the speed of occurrence, the pathological condition of the upper respiratory tract is sudden (appearing without the participation of another inflammatory disease), acute (complication) and gradual, with slowly increasing clinical signs;
according to the course, the disease is divided into 2 forms - acute laryngotracheitis in children, the duration of which does not exceed 10-14 days, and chronic, lasting for years with a constant change of periods of relapses and remissions.

Separately, I would like to single out 3 types of the disease: chronic, allergic and stenosing.

It is they who have the most striking differences, both in manifestations and in methods of therapy:

Allergic laryngotracheitis in children. The development of the pathological condition of the upper respiratory tract is affected in this case by an allergic reaction. Its origin is not associated with inflammation, but with the influence of any allergens - dust, food or pollen. Under their influence, the pharynx and trachea begin to swell, and this negative process occurs rapidly.
Chronic laryngotracheitis in a child. A prerequisite for it is not fully cured acute laryngotracheitis in children. Relapse occurs against the background of frequent colds, provoking regular irritation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. This form of the disease cannot be completely cured. In the case of adequate therapy and constant observance of preventive measures, a long-term remission is achieved, which can last for years.
in children. It proceeds as an acute inflammatory process that has developed in the larynx and captured the upper part of the trachea, and in some cases the bronchi. Usually, in its manifestations, it is similar to the initial stage, but it can also be complicated by the addition of a bacterial factor. In this case, the stenosing form of the pathological condition is considered as a complication of a viral infection. Most often, this form of pathology affects children with a history of allergic diathesis. The course of this form of pathology in children is severe and often undulating.

Due to the fact that the disease has such a large number of varieties, it is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis before starting treatment. Identification of the type of pathological edema of the upper respiratory tract is the most important step in prescribing a course of adequate therapy.

Laryngotracheitis in children - symptoms and manifestations

With edema of the larynx and the adjacent part of the trachea, babies have a number of certain symptoms that indicate the development of an inflammatory process in it. However, these signs of laryngotracheitis in children cannot indicate a definitive diagnosis. But it is necessary to know them, as they indicate the development of pathological processes in the upper respiratory tract.

After the first alarming manifestations appear, you should immediately show the child to a specialist to identify their true cause, since the treatment measures for all these ailments are different.

Symptoms of laryngotracheitis in children at the initial stages are slightly expressed, but as the disease progresses, they become much brighter and are characterized by the simultaneous manifestation of the following symptoms:

a slight tickling in the throat is replaced by constant tickling;
the voice becomes coarse, the child cannot speak in high tones;
dry cough practically does not end, which creates the feeling that the baby cannot cough;
noisy breathing interspersed with whistling sounds;
the temperature rises almost to critical;
there is constant shortness of breath.

Specialists also note non-specific, general symptoms of laryngotracheitis in a child. The most striking are the constant overexcitation of the crumbs, pallor of the skin, severe sweating and loss of appetite. In a special way, each type of disease develops a cough syndrome. So in the case of an acute form of the disease, severe bouts of barking cough torment the baby mainly at night and early in the morning, and the bacterial variety differs in that as the pathological condition progresses, mucous sputum with purulent secretions begins to cough up in children.

These signs, indicating an acute form of the disease, should seriously alert parents. If, after their appearance, you do not undergo a diagnostic study and do not begin adequate treatment of laryngotracheitis in children, then the acute period after 2 weeks stops on its own. But this factor should not please, since after a very short time the disease will relapse, which will indicate the transition of the disease into a chronic, incurable form.

Diagnosis of laryngotracheitis in children

Moms should carefully monitor the general condition of their crumbs, especially if they are prone to frequent colds. This will allow timely detection of incipient laryngotracheitis, the symptoms and treatment of which are completely interconnected.

Diagnosis of laryngotracheitis in children should be carried out in the most thorough manner in order to accurately identify the form of the disease. This will allow you to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment. Wherein insidious disease a differential study is required, which allows to separate this pathological condition, accompanied by edema of the larynx and upper trachea, from other diseases of the upper respiratory tract, having similar symptoms:

examination of the child's larynx using survey laryngoscopy. This is the most informative method, since laryngotracheitis has a specific visual picture in the larynx;
laboratory study of sputum culture to identify the pathogen;
general and biochemical analysis blood;
x-ray to rule out pneumonia.

Such research methods make it possible to separate the desired disease with the greatest accuracy from stenoses similar in their main manifestations in scarlet fever, chicken pox, measles, diphtheria croup, papillomas on the larynx, asthmatic complication of pneumonia and the presence foreign body in the upper respiratory tract.

An experienced doctor will be able to diagnose laryngotracheitis very quickly, even if the edema of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract has begun recently. Therefore, experts advise all parents with young children to contact an otolaryngologist who treats them as soon as possible when the very first alarming signs appear in the baby.

What is the treatment for laryngotracheitis in children?

In medical clinical practice, getting rid of this pathology in infants is considered the most difficult. Treating laryngotracheitis in children under one year old, and in infants, is a huge responsibility. First of all, it consists in the fact that many medical preparations. In addition, the body of infants with an unformed immune system is completely defenseless against various viruses and bacteria. The inflammatory process in babies develops instantly, so emergency medical care is needed.

The question of how to treat laryngotracheitis in a child worries many, so it’s worth noting right away that you should never do this on your own.

Important! This disease is very serious, so a person who is far from medicine can cause irreparable harm to a baby’s fragile body.

The tactics of therapy and the selection of medicines are directly related to the root causes that provoked the pathological condition, and only an experienced doctor can determine them.

but urgent care with laryngotracheitis in children is necessary in any case:

when alarming signs appear that the baby begins to narrow the larynx, it is necessary to create conditions for fresh air to enter the baby. It is best to open the window and bring the child to it. Jumping out for this purpose onto the street or balcony is permissible only in the warm season;
the sputum formed during the development of the inflammatory process in the larynx is too thick and viscous, which makes the process of coughing it up difficult. To get rid of lumps of mucus accumulating in the throat, they should be liquefied by all means. The best option would be any warm drink, which should be drunk constantly, but in the smallest sips, so as not to provoke vomiting;
for quick relief of spasm and edema, Dexamethasone or Pulmicort for inhalation are used, but these drugs can be used as an emergency only after approval by a specialist.

These measures are taken before the arrival of the ambulance in order to alleviate the condition of the baby. After the diagnosis is made and the diagnosis of acute laryngotracheitis is confirmed, the doctor will prescribe treatment. He will also supervise the course of therapy.

Medical treatment of children with spasm of the larynx

It is impossible to cure laryngotracheitis in a child on its own, as already mentioned. All necessary medical measures are prescribed by an otolaryngologist, and for the duration of the therapeutic course, the baby is placed in a hospital. Moreover, in the acute form of the disease, accompanied by stenosis, almost lightning-fast measures are necessary.

Treatment of laryngotracheitis is carried out in the following areas:

with the viral nature of the pathology, babies are prescribed without fail. Non-specific therapeutic measures consist in taking funds intended to strengthen the immune system. These are drugs, Grippferon and others like them, which are based on human interferon;
in order to effectively eliminate the threat of obturation (blockage of the passage) and stenosis, as well as to relieve a coughing fit, antispasmodic drugs Eufillin or Berodual are prescribed in the form of inhalations for small patients. Recommended for babies after 5 years and cough tablets, but they must be sucking. Syrups are mostly used. The most optimal and effective wet cough syrup for children is Gedelix. It has a good expectorant effect. And for children under 1 year old, Ambrobene cough syrup is suitable;
if extensive swelling is found in the larynx and upper part of the trachea of the baby, Zirtek or Zodak are prescribed to him without fail. These medications, produced both in drops and in tablets, are allowed for laryngotracheitis from a very early age. They are antihistamines that are quite effective in removing puffiness from the upper respiratory tract;
if the baby has a fever, it is not possible to do without anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs. But when prescribing them, 2 indispensable conditions must be taken into account - their effectiveness and safety. These drugs include Descametasone and Erespal;
when laryngotracheitis is diagnosed in infants, treatment is carried out very carefully, because almost all medications are contraindicated for such a crumb. In this case, the entire course of therapy for the infant is under the vigilant supervision of specialists, who at any time will be able to make the necessary adjustments to previously made appointments;
One of the most important elements of therapy is to provide the child with voice rest. Whispering in this situation is also prohibited, as it can provoke tension in the ligaments. It is best to come up with a game in which you need to be silent;
Important in carrying out therapeutic measures is the observance of a special diet by a small patient. Firstly, all salty and sour food is completely excluded from his diet, and secondly, all drink and food should only be slightly warm, since hot and cold have an irritating effect on the mucous membrane.

Do I need antibiotics for laryngitis?

The use of potent drugs during the relief of swelling of the larynx and upper trachea should be discussed separately. According to medical statistics, the most common cause of development in the upper part of the trachea and in the larynx is a pathological edema. Therefore, most experts believe that antibiotics for children with a cough, especially when its first signs appear, should not be prescribed. They will not be able to act on the virus.

But in some cases, a bacterial infection can become a concomitant cause that provoked the disease. In such situations, antibiotics for laryngotracheitis in children are essential drugs.

In addition, their appointment is in demand if:

the baby lasts more than 3 days heat, which cannot be knocked down by any antipyretic drugs;
the child showed signs of severe intoxication - nausea, weakness, shortness of breath, severe headaches, loss of appetite - indicating a growing focus of a bacterial infection.

Basically, if treatment of laryngotracheitis in children is required, drugs should be selected according to the principle of effectiveness and safety. Usually, cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone and Suprax), penicilli (Flemoklav and), as well as Macrolides and Azithromycin are prescribed from the antibacterial series. The latter are used only when a small patient has a rather serious condition.

For the speedy restoration of the voice, apply local funds. They are not intended for oral administration, but for the treatment of the larynx. To date, the pharmaceutical industry produces a huge number of such drugs. So, if a local antibiotic is needed for the throat, doctors prescribe various sprays, lozenges, and sucking tablets.

Important! An antibiotic for the throat, even if it is released in the form of a lozenge, is a potent medicine, so all prescriptions for "sucking pills" should be carried out exclusively by a specialist.

Treatment of laryngotracheitis at home: compresses, mustard plasters, rinses, inhalations

In the case when we are not talking about a baby, but about an older child, and the disease was diagnosed in a timely manner, at the very beginning of its development, its treatment is carried out not in a hospital, but on an outpatient basis. The only thing that parents should remember is that treatment of laryngotracheitis in children at home is carried out only after consulting a specialist and strictly according to the therapeutic course prescribed by him. Complex treatment insidious and dangerous disease primarily involves inhalation. With laryngotracheitis in children, they act very effectively.

The only condition is that the procedures must be carried out correctly:

influence the top Airways child with the help of microparticles of the drug should be using a special ultrasound device. Inhalations for laryngotracheitis with a nebulizer for children are carried out from a very young age;
comply exactly with the doctor's instructions. If he prescribed several types of drugs for this procedure, for example, antiseptic, dilating bronchi and expectorants, then the prescribed treatment of laryngotracheitis with inhalations is carried out exactly in the sequence prescribed by the specialist, and an interval of 15 minutes is maintained between the procedures;
repeated inhalations up to several times a day. For the most part, they are needed during a coughing fit. But if at this moment the child has a fever, the next procedure is strictly prohibited.

If only beginning laryngotracheitis is diagnosed, home treatment also includes the use of compresses. They can be dry, water, alcohol, hot, oily and even cold. A cough compress should be used only after consulting a specialist. This will help to avoid a negative reaction and undesirable consequences due to the use of an unsuitable product for the baby. For example, it is highly undesirable to put a vodka cough compress on a child of preschool age.

Important! A compress on the throat is strictly contraindicated in the case when the baby has a high temperature. At this time, a warming bandage will bring the opposite effect, as it will provoke the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms that are in the child's larynx.

What should not be done with laryngotracheitis in childhood?

This information is easy enough to get from your doctor. But it is equally important to know that with this pathological swelling of the larynx and upper part of the trachea, it is absolutely not recommended to do it.

Under no circumstances should you do the following:

carry out inhalation with hot steam;
give the child any antibacterial drugs without a doctor's prescription;
bathe the baby or take him for a walk;
leave the room where the sick baby is located without ventilation;
use in medicinal purposes hot compresses and mustard plasters.

Failure to follow these rules may short time lead to the development of serious and often life-threatening complications in babies.

Laryngotracheitis and its complications in childhood

Due to the fact that this pathological condition that has developed in a small child is extremely dangerous with possible negative consequences, it is very important during therapeutic measures to take into account the chances of risk for their development. If treatment is started on time, the disease recedes in a few days, so if negative signs appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

In the case of self-medication without the knowledge of a specialist, there are almost always serious consequences of laryngotracheitis in children. First of all, this is the transition of a pathological condition into a chronic stage. It is fraught with constant runny nose, cough and fever.

Also in medical clinical practice, the following complications of laryngotracheitis in a child were noted:

the beginning of asphyxia (suffocation);
pathology of the bronchi and lungs;
pneumonia;
development in the larynx of the tumor process.

To avoid these consequences, you should not postpone visiting a specialist. It must be firmly remembered that only an experienced doctor will be able to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe an adequate course of therapy.

Prevention of laryngotracheitis in children

Any disease, even the most dangerous one, can be prevented. This also applies to pathological edema of the larynx and trachea.

Prevention of laryngotracheitis in children primarily involves strengthening the immune system, which is as follows:

prevent the child's body from overheating and hypothermia;
organize the baby the right diet, which will prevent them from gaining excess weight;
temper the child from a very early age;
avoid viral and bacteriological infections, that is, limit the contact of the crumbs with sick people.

In addition, in preventive measures, timely treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx plays an important role, and not independently, but under the supervision of a doctor. Even in the case of a common cold, consultation with a specialist is necessary. In no case is it recommended to neglect vaccinations against any infectious diseases that are offered to the baby in the clinic.

Informative video

The children's inflammatory process has a tendency to descend into the underlying sections - the larynx and trachea, which makes children more prone to the occurrence of laryngotracheitis due to the small length of the airways and the characteristics of children's immunity; therefore it is very important to know the symptoms and treatment of laryngotracheitis in children.

What is laryngotracheitis?

Tracheolaryngitis (or laryngotracheitis) is an inflammatory process that affects both the trachea and the larynx (larynx).

In the defeat of these parts of the respiratory tract, viruses are mainly to blame, which enter the larynx from the pharynx and move lower - into the trachea.

Laryngotracheitis develops according to the following scenario:

Once on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, viruses depress local immunity.
Reduced immunity is used by bacteria that begin to intensively colonize the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.
Ultimately, the bacterial infection causes purulent inflammation and a cough with sputum production.

Causes of laryngotracheitis

The main factor in the inflammation of the respiratory tract and the occurrence of laryngotracheitis in children is the deterioration of local immunity, which can be caused by viruses. However, often the occurrence of longotracheitis can be of non-viral origin.

Decreased local immunity

The immune system of the child is poorly developed and unstable. Weakening of the immune system of the upper respiratory tract creates opportunities for pathogenic microbes to spread.

The main factors for reducing the immunity of the trachea and larynx:

hypothermia;
Inhalation through the mouth of cold air;
Passive smoking.

Infection with pathogenic microbes

The inflammatory bacterial process in children develops due to the following factors:

Violation of the balance of microflora in the upper respiratory tract;
The immune system cannot recover.

A factor that significantly upsets the balance of protecting forces and attacking microbes can be an external source of infection - a sick person. In the case of sneezing and coughing, pathogenic microorganisms are sprayed into the surrounding space in large quantities.

The child's body is not able to cope with such a bacterial "attack" and becomes infected with laryngotracheitis.

infectious focus

The source of infection can be not only opportunistic microbes that inhabit the upper respiratory tract, but also the external environment.

Infectious foci already present in the body of children:

Rhinitis- in the nose;
Tonsillitis- inflamed tonsils;
Sinusitis- in the paranasal sinuses;
Pharyngitis- sore throat.

All these diseases lead to the spread of infection down the child's respiratory tract.

Allergic laryngotracheitis in children

Due to the non-infectious nature, laryngeal edema in children appears as an allergic reaction to the action, for example, of aerosol drugs.

Signs of laryngotracheitis

Inflammation of the trachea and larynx does not occur unexpectedly, and it often appears as a result of an inflammatory process that occurs in the upper respiratory tract: in the nose and throat.

The initial symptoms of laryngotracheitis in children are manifested by signs characteristic of pharyngitis and rhinitis:

elevated temperature;
Cough;
Runny nose, congestion;
Sore throat, sore, irritated.

Types of children's laryngotracheitis

Laryngotracheitis manifests itself in 2 forms: acute uncomplicated form of laryngotracheitis and complicated stenosing form of laryngotracheitis.

The process of treating children's laryngotracheitis does not depend on the form, however, significant stenosis of the trachea or larynx always requires the use of more radical methods that involve the child's stay in the hospital.

Acute laryngotracheitis

The movement of the infection down the respiratory tract shows additional symptoms of laryngotracheitis in children:

voice change, hoarseness;
Cough acquires a sharp and "dry" sound;
Pain when coughing in the center of the upper chest;
Coughing fits at night;
Paroxysmal cough;
Department of sputum;
Cough that occurs when taking a deep breath;
elevated temperature;
Sputum becomes purulent over time.

Possible complication of laryngotracheitis in the form of significant stenosis of the larynx.

Stenosing laryngotracheitis

Stenosis- this is a narrowing of the lumen of a cavity, organ, etc. Edema (swelling) of the mucous membrane and, as a result, slight stenosis is observed in any inflammation, including tracheitis and acute laryngitis. Laryngotracheitis in children is accompanied by symptoms such as hoarseness, voice change and coughing sounds.

However, sometimes the stenosis is so severe that such conditions are classified as a separate form of the disease - stenosing laryngotracheitis.

A significant narrowing of the lumen creates obstacles to the movement of air, and the general symptoms of the appearance of laryngotracheitis in children can be supplemented .

The following signs:

Labored breathing;
Noisy inhalation / exhalation;
Increased heart rate;
Attacks of shortness of breath.

In the most serious manifestation of laryngotracheitis in children, the stenosis can be so severe that it causes asphyxia, blocking the access of air to the lungs. However, this is an extremely rare development of symptoms of laryngotracheitis in children.

Diagnostics

The initial diagnosis of laryngotracheitis in children includes:

Inspection;
Listening to the lungs;
Analysis of the patient's condition based on complaints about well-being.

Diagnosis of laryngotracheitis in general is not difficult. In the case of a frequently recurring disease, it is necessary to take a swab from the throat (analysis of the microflora of the throat) to prescribe a more effective antibiotic therapy.

How to cure laryngotracheitis at home?

Any measures for the treatment of laryngotracheitis must be agreed with the attending physician, who will be able to develop a treatment regimen for laryngotracheitis and select the most appropriate medications, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child and the course of the disease.

There are several methods of treatment of laryngotracheitis.

Immunostimulating therapy for laryngotracheitis

This type of therapy for laryngotracheitis may include:

Antibacterial immunomolulators;
Antiviral immunomodulators.

The drugs of the second group are taken to increase the body's immune response by increasing the release of interferon.

Among those that are acceptable for use by children from 3 years old, we can distinguish:

Preparations of the first group contain deactivated parts of bacteria, most often the cause of inflammatory processes occurring in the respiratory tract. The use of such drugs increases the number of immunocompetent cells and activates the capture and destruction of microorganisms.

Topical preparations:

Imudon

IRS-19

Antibiotics for laryngotracheitis

The local administration of antibiotic preparations with the help of spray sprays is quite effective. The traditional remedy for children in the case of larotracheitis is Bioparox aerosol.

Children over 3 years of age are inhaled 4 times a day, 1 or 2 sprays. The first application requires special care, because in young children aerosols can provoke spasms of the respiratory tract.

With fever and with a strong inflammatory process for the treatment of laryngotracheitis, general antibiotics can be recommended for children:

Macrolides (Azithromycin - suspension intended for children aged 6 months and over);
Protected penicillins (Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Flemoxin, etc.);
Cephalosporins (Fortum, Suprax, Zinatsev, etc.).

By general rule antibiotics are not taken for more than 7 days. Antibiotics are taken regimen, that is, with equal intervals between doses.

Symptomatic therapy of laryngotracheitis

In order to eliminate painful symptoms in children, they take:

To relieve swelling, itching, irritation - Erius (syrup), Ksizal, Zirtek, etc .;
To relieve dry cough - Sinekod, Tussin, Tusuprex, etc .;
For improved sputum discharge - Bromhexine, ACC, Mucoltin, Ambroxol, terpopsis preparations, etc.

special instructions

To achieve effective treatment laryngotracheobronchitis, it is important to provide children with the necessary external conditions:

The child should talk less;
Humidify the air in the room (put containers with water, hang wet towels);
Give warm drinks to drink - milk with honey, tea, compotes;
If there is no temperature during the recovery phase, heat on the chest and neck is recommended.

First aid

Stenosing laryngotracheitis requires urgent medical attention.

The actions that parents can take are quite limited:

Take 0.3-0.5 milliliters of a 0.05% solution of naphthyzinum (the amount depends on the age of the patient).
Add 2 to 5 milliliters of water to naphthyzinum (depending on age).
It is necessary to bring the child in a sitting position and with his head thrown back.
The solution is quickly injected into one of the nostrils using a syringe (without a needle).
If everything was done correctly, the child should cough.

The above procedure is a one-time procedure, and if the child does not cough and if breathing does not become easier, you can repeat the procedure in another nasal passage.

In the acute form of stenosing laryngotracheitis, it is also recommended that the child take an antihistamine tablet.

How to treat allergic laryngotracheitis?

In this case, the stenosis is very strong. The above characteristic of the stenotic form of laryngotracheitis also applies to edema of the trachea and larynx of a non-inflammatory cause.

In this case, you can take Pulmicort - a glucocorticosteroid drug. In children's laryngitotracheitis, this remedy is effective in relieving swelling of the airways.

It is used to relieve seizures in cases of chronic pulmonary obstruction and bronchial asthma. Method of administration - inhalation.

The drug Pulmicort is contraindicated in fungal, bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections. Pulmicort is used only for allergic edema of the trachea and larynx.

Video

Folk remedies

First of all, it should be noted that folk ways are only an adjunct in the treatment of laryngotracheitis, in addition to drug therapy. Moreover, the use of most recipes traditional medicine requires extreme caution, since their components can increase the manifestation of symptoms of laryngotracheitis.

Before giving a child home-made medicines, you need to make sure that there is no allergy to their components.

The following folk recipes are most effective for laryngotracheitis:

Honey. Any of the recipes prepared with honey is good for children. The most successful means: honey with aloe juice (in a ratio of 1 to 1, taken 3 times a day for a teaspoon) and honey with black radish juice (taken similarly to the previous one).
Steam inhalation. Inhalations, in principle, are a mandatory procedure for this ailment. Inhalation should be carried out 2 or 3 times a day, and one of them must be before bedtime. Most in a simple way are inhalations from a container with potatoes and a few drops of essential oils.
Herbal tinctures and decoctions. These remedies must be used very carefully, as they can aggravate the symptoms by irritating the mucous membrane of the throat, larynx, and trachea.
Milk with garlic. Crush 5 garlic cloves and mix with a glass of milk. Then bring the resulting mixture to a boil, stir and cool. It is important to take a glass of medicine in several doses in one day.
Rinsing with potato juice. To prepare this remedy, you must first get the juice of one potato. Then add this juice with a rinse solution (a teaspoon of soda to 200 ml of water) and mix. Repeat the procedure for gargling the child several times a day.

Laryngotracheitis in infants

Treatment of laryngotracheitis in children under 1 year old is a big responsibility, since many drugs are undesirable or completely contraindicated for them. The situation is complicated by the vulnerability of infants to viruses and bacteria.

The inflammatory process always proceeds rapidly. Professional help required.

Prevention

The diet for laryngotracheitis involves the exclusion from the diet of spicy, pickled, salty and sour foods, spices, alcohol, carbonated drinks, nuts, seeds, cold or hot foods, mustard, horseradish.

Tea with honey
Milk porridge
Kissels, compotes
Borscht
Soups with chicken broth

To prevent laryngotracheitis, children need:

Strengthen immunity with vitamins, fresh berries and vegetables, natural juices.
Temper the body, engage in breathing exercises.
Dress for the weather.
protect vocal cords.

If you are faced with such a disease as laryngotracheitis in infants, then first you should figure out what this disease is. Laryngotracheitis in a child or false croup is infection affecting the respiratory tract.

The inflammatory process usually affects the throat and trachea, but non-inflammatory is also possible. The disease often develops as a result of a cold. Usually false croup develops in this way:

Viruses that have fallen on the mucous surface of the nasopharynx begin to "suppress" the immune system;
Taking advantage of the fact that immunity is deteriorating, dangerous bacteria are taken for their reproduction;
A developing infection directly leads to the formation of pus, cough with sputum;
It is not excluded the development of laryngotracheitis as a complication after the disease.

Where does laryngotracheitis come from?

As already mentioned, laryngotracheitis is manifested due to a decrease in the immunity of the child. The disease often occurs in children under 3 years of age. But the nature of the occurrence of the disease can be varied.

Bacterial laryngotracheitis

Bacterial laryngotracheitis provokes a decrease in immunity. Immunity small child rather unstable, it is still developing. And the following factors influence its decline:

hypothermia of the body;
cold air entering through the mouth;
passive smoking.

Bacterial laryngotracheitis can occur due to infection with microbes. A similar disease manifests itself in violation of the microflora of the respiratory tract. That is, the child simply becomes infected from a nearby sick person.

Bacterial laryngotracheitis, caused by an infectious focus of an infant, is a complication, a consequence of another respiratory disease. The cause of the disease is microbes common in the respiratory tract and infections in the body. For example, a runny nose, inflammation of the tonsils, a cold throat.

Allergic laryngotracheitis

Allergic laryngotracheitis. The child's larynx swells due to an allergic reaction to various drugs, often in an aerosol form.

Symptoms of the disease

Most often, laryngotracheitis occurs in young children. This is due to the structural features of their larynx. The structure of the tissues of the larynx, due to its friability, has a greater tendency to edema.

The danger of the disease for newborns is that the airways swell, and a large amount of mucus forms in them. Therefore, the child cannot breathe normally. In the most advanced cases, laryngotracheitis leads to asphyxia. When diagnosing a disease, treatment should begin immediately. The following symptoms indicate that a baby has laryngotracheitis:

Severe bouts of barking cough, more often manifested at night, when the newborn is sleeping;
Hard breath;
A hoarse voice or no voice at all;
inflamed red throat;
Increased body temperature;
Lack of appetite, nausea;
The skin has a bluish tint in the nasolabial region.

It is impossible not to notice the onset of laryngotracheitis. As a rule, or disappears altogether, it becomes difficult for the baby to breathe and he is afraid of this. From the very beginning of the disease there are bouts of severe coughing.

When determining the signs of the disease, first of all, you need to calm the child. Then you need to call a doctor, preferably an ambulance. Treatment should be prescribed exclusively by a specialist. The severity of the disease will depend on what treatment he will prescribe: at home or in hospital.

To diagnose false croup, you must undergo a thorough examination by a specialist. A pediatrician or an otolaryngologist examines the child's throat and listens to the airways. To accurately determine the diagnosis, microlaryngoscopy, otoscopy, fluorography or X-ray of the lungs, blood tests and bakposev material from the throat are performed.

Types of laryngotracheitis

Most often, the disease can manifest itself in two forms: acute without complications and complicated. Methods of treatment practically do not depend on the form of the disease. But the second form always requires more radical measures and, most likely, the pediatrician will recommend treatment in a hospital.

Symptoms of acute laryngotracheitis:

dry, barking cough;
hoarse voice;
pain in the chest when coughing;
cough is paroxysmal in nature;
secretion of sputum when coughing;
sputum may become purulent;
high body temperature.

Complicated symptoms:

noisy, labored breathing;
severe shortness of breath;
cardiopalmus.

The main task in the fight against laryngotracheitis is to alleviate the condition of the child. While waiting for the pediatrician, you can give the baby a warm drink, such as milk. You can also soak your feet in a warm bath.

And the treatment of the disease itself consists of a set of procedures to combat the inflammatory process and restore the mucous surfaces of the larynx.

If there are no complications of laryngotracheitis, then it can be cured in 2-3 weeks. The set of measures includes the following procedures:

Taking medicines prescribed by a pediatrician. These include antiviral drugs, expectorant cough syrups, drugs to restore immunity;
Nasal drops. Since breathing is often complicated during illness, vasoconstrictor drops for the nose are prescribed;
Decrease in temperature. This is the most important point, since it is the elevated body temperature that provokes swelling of the larynx;
Voice mode. It is necessary to reduce the load on the vocal apparatus as much as possible and protect the vocal cords. Even whispering is not recommended;
Warm foot baths. Up to 3 times a day, it is necessary to organize warm baths for the baby's legs. The duration of each procedure is no more than 20 minutes. You can warm your feet in warm water while in a steam-filled bathroom;
. For these procedures, it is better to use. The basis for inhalation procedures is determined by the pediatrician.

The use of an antibiotic spray for the throat is quite effective for laryngotracheitis. Aerosols should be used with caution and only as prescribed by a specialist, as they can cause spasms of the respiratory tract. If the child has a strong inflammatory process, then the pediatrician may prescribe an external action, for example, penicillins or cephalosporins.

What can not be done?

A special responsibility is laryngotracheitis in infants. When treating a child up to a year, you need to carefully select medicines and their dosages. A large number of drugs may be contraindicated. Infants are practically defenseless against various kinds of viruses and any inflammatory processes in them develop very quickly. If a baby is diagnosed with laryngotracheitis, then in no case should you:

do hot inhalations;
independently, without the advice of a doctor, prescribe antibiotics;
take the baby for walks;
keep the child in an unventilated area.

Self-treatment

During treatment this disease Parents' ability to help their child is very limited. The main treatment should be prescribed and monitored by a doctor.

To make breathing easier for a child, you can do the following procedure:

To 0.4 ml of naphthyzinum (take a solution of 0.05%) add 3-4 ml of water;
Plant the child and slightly tilt his head back;
Inject the solution with a syringe without a needle into the nostril. Fluids must be injected quickly.

If after these actions the baby coughs, then everything is done correctly and breathing will be relieved. The procedure can only be performed once.

In the acute form of the disease, you can give the child an antihistamine, this also improves breathing.

While waiting for qualified specialists, parents can alleviate the condition of the child. First, it must be laid on a bed or sofa, placing a pillow under the back. If possible, you should try to humidify the air in the room and free the baby from tight clothing.

Difficulty breathing with laryngotracheitis is caused by the accumulation of sputum in the larynx. To make this sputum thinner, you can give the child a warm drink with soda or Borjomi. If breathing stops, induce vomiting.

If the child has a high fever or fever, an antipyretic will help. medicine.

The correct regimen for the treatment of the disease

Accomplishments medical procedures and the use of all prescribed drugs is not enough. First of all, it is necessary to reduce physical activity baby. Also, special attention requires the nutrition of a sick child:

exclude hot and cold food from the diet, food should be warm;
crunchy foods, as well as salty and spicy foods are not recommended;
meals should be frequent and portions small;
regular warm drink: fruit drinks, compotes, milk.

In the house, you need to carry out wet cleaning every day, ventilate the rooms to prevent the accumulation and reproduction of dangerous microbes. It is better to humidify the air in the rooms. To do this, you can use special devices or folk methods.

And one of the most important conditions for a speedy recovery - good mood and calm, friendly atmosphere in the house.

Disease prevention

Any disease is more difficult to treat than to prevent. Of course, more often the tendency to false croup largely depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. And if the child has a cold or suffers a viral disease, special attention must be paid to the larynx and respiratory tract.

For prevention, you can periodically ventilate the room, maintain air humidity. And most importantly, harden the throat. For this, rinsing is suitable. Initially, you need to use warm water and gradually lower its temperature. There should not be a sharp temperature drop (it is better to keep it at the same level every 3 days), this will only harm the child's body.

During walks, make sure that the baby is comfortable, especially for babies in the first month of life. If it is summer, then you do not need to wrap the baby in clothes, it should not be hot, and hypothermia should be avoided in winter. Special attention is required to prevent diseases in the autumn and spring seasons.

Treatment of laryngotracheitis in children includes several points, which depend on the patient's condition and the symptoms that have manifested. This disease can carry such a danger as stenosis of the larynx, especially in children under 8 years old.

Laryngotracheitis may be complicated bacterial infection due to improper treatment Therefore, when the first signs of the disease appear, it is necessary to contact the pediatrician and follow his recommendations.

What is laryngotracheitis?

This disease is as complicated as its name. It can be caused by both viruses and bacteria. It is complicated by the fact that it immediately affects the throat and trachea. Therefore, patients during the illness feel very weakened.

There are two types of this disease - acute and chronic. The first occurs most often due to the defeat of the body by viruses. It starts with a sharp rise in temperature. Then other symptoms appear.

The chronic form is sluggish and may disturb the patient for several months. The disease then goes into remission, then comes back again.

Symptoms of acute laryngotracheitis

This form of the disease begins quite acutely. The child's body temperature rises to 38 0 and above. He feels tired. Due to the release of harmful substances by viruses into the blood, intoxication can begin.

The child begins a dry cough, which gradually turns into an obsessive form. After a while he becomes "barking". This is one of the main symptoms of laryngitis.

The next day, there may be pain in the chest, in the upper part. Cough in a few days should turn into a productive one and will be similar to bronchitis. The main danger of the first days of the course of the disease is a false croup.

Choking more often in children develops at night. At this point, parents should not be confused and provide the baby with the necessary assistance.

What is false croup?

This condition often occurs in children under 7-8 years of age. It is associated with insufficient development of the larynx. This body in children is still quite narrow. When viruses or bacteria enter the mucous membrane of the throat, edema may develop.

Because of it, the lumen of the larynx narrows and can completely overlap. The result is suffocation. This condition requires the immediate intervention of ambulance workers.

Adults before the arrival of the carriage will be able to relieve the symptoms and calm the baby. In this case, serious consequences can be avoided.

First aid for croup

If the parents heard heavy breathing in the child at night, and he cannot fully take a breath, then it is necessary to begin to take action. First of all, you need to provide the patient with good access to fresh air.

This opens the full window. If the attack happened in the warm season, then you need to wrap the baby in a blanket and take it out to the balcony.

At this time, one of the adults can turn on the bathroom hot water and leave it to collect as much steam as possible in the room. The child should breathe such moist air for 10-15 minutes.

You can not put the baby in the water. He should sit next to her with one of the adults. Thus, the swelling will decrease slightly and the sputum will soften. She will start to come out with a productive cough.

If the house has a compressor nebulizer, then inhalation can be done. It is better when using nebulas with Pulmicort. For its use, it is necessary to dilute a suitable dose of the drug in half with saline.

If the manipulations do not help and the child gets worse, then immediately called ambulance. Workers are likely to inject a hormonal drug. More commonly used "Dexamethasone" or "Prednisolone" for the treatment of laryngotracheitis in children in case of stenosis.

What is tracheitis?

This disease often occurs in children after 3-4 years. In babies, viruses and bacteria often affect completely respiratory system rather than individual organs.

Tracheitis often acts as a complication of SARS. It rarely develops on the first day. The trachea is a hollow tube that connects the larynx and bronchi. It contains nerve endings. Infectious pathogens irritate them and a cough occurs.

Symptoms of tracheitis

First, the child begins to scratch his throat. Then comes the cough. It becomes painful and rough. In the first days, sputum is practically not separated.

The child becomes restless. Cough is becoming more and more frequent. Because of this, sleep is disturbed. After a few days, chest pain may appear. Crying or laughing causes coughing. The temperature rise can be up to 38 0 .

After 3 days, the cough becomes less painful and attacks are rare. The separation of not thick sputum begins.

Treatment of laryngotracheitis in children under one year old

This disease does not often affect babies of this age. If it occurs, then laryngitis or bronchitis. But there are exceptions. Such young children with any acute manifestations of infectious diseases are most often hospitalized.

And this is the right decision of the medical staff. The most dangerous complication in infants may be false croup. At this age, it is difficult to calm the baby and persuade him not to scream during an attack, and this significantly complicates his condition.

In the hospital, the baby will take general analysis blood and find out what kind of pathogen caused the disease. If it is a virus, then the treatment will consist in taking special drugs that help strengthen the immune system and the body's own fight against them.

If the pathogen turns out to be of a bacterial nature, then the treatment of laryngotracheitis in children with antibiotics cannot be avoided. In the hospital, injectable forms are most often used.

Treatment of laryngotracheitis in children at home

Children after 1-2 years of age are able to fulfill the requests of their parents and this greatly facilitates the situation during any illness. Treatment of acute laryngotracheitis in children is accompanied by several rules for the implementation of life during this period:

air humidity in the room is not less than 60%;
the temperature in the room where the child is located should not exceed 20 0;
wet cleaning 2 times a day;
calm psycho-emotional atmosphere in the family.

These items will help alleviate the condition of the child and turn the cough into a productive one.

With laryngotracheitis, it is impossible for the baby to experience strong emotions. This applies to both crying and laughter. At this time, the muscles of the larynx contract and the coughing fit may intensify.

What medicines?

In the case of the viral nature of the disease, the doctor may prescribe special drugs for the treatment of laryngotracheitis in children:

"Laferabion";
"Ergoferon";
"Aflubin";
"Groprinosin";
"Anaferon".

These are antiviral agents that help the body cope with pathogens faster.

If the house has a compressor nebulizer, inhalations may be prescribed. They can be carried out with normal saline or with alkaline water without gas. Thus, it is possible to achieve a decrease in the viscosity of sputum and convert the cough into a productive one. Thanks to this method of treatment, the symptoms of laryngotracheitis in children are noticeably relieved.

If the child is at risk of developing a false croup, then inhalations with hormonal drugs. The most commonly used are "Pulmicort" and "Flexodit" in nebulas. The dosage should be indicated by the doctor. It is calculated according to the age of the child. This drug is mixed with saline in proportions 1:1 before use.

Are cough syrups necessary?

It is now difficult to give an affirmative answer to this question. Modern pediatricians clarify that up to the age of 6 they can harm the child. This is due to the fact that syrups increase the amount of sputum. And the baby may not have enough physical strength to cough it up.

In this case, bacteria develop in the sputum, which lead to complications. There are bronchitis and pneumonia, which are difficult to treat, especially in babies under one year old.

Usually, children after 3-4 years are already prescribed expectorants. It could be:

"Lazolvan";
"Ambroxol";
"Flavomed";
"Gederin" and others.

Parents should follow the basic rule of taking expectorants: you should not give your child cough syrup after 18:00.

Otherwise, after taking the drug of such an action, a large amount of sputum is formed and the child will not have time to cough it up, because he will go to bed.

At this time, harmful bacteria can develop in the sputum, which cause pneumonia and bronchitis. This is the answer to the question why the doctor did not hear wheezing yesterday, and complications appeared the next day.

Throat Sprays

Symptoms and treatment of laryngotracheitis in children are closely related. The doctor prescribes drugs depending on the complaints of the parents. If the baby has a sore throat, then special medicines should be used:

"Lizobakt";
"Septefril";
"Faringosept" and others.

These tablets must be sucked. Children after 2-3 years will be able to cope with this action. Babies can be offered these drugs, after grinding them into powder. If the baby takes a nipple, then it is necessary to moisten it with water, and then dip into this drug and give him a pacifier. It is necessary to repeat the action several times until the required dose of powder is completely finished.

Throat sprays can be safely used to treat children after 3-4 years. In younger children, against the background of its use, a spasm of the larynx may occur. It is also not advisable to use them in allergy sufferers, otherwise stenosis cannot be avoided.

Folk remedies

It is necessary to resort to these methods with extreme caution, especially if the child has previously had any allergic reactions. The most harmless means can be "Borjomi". This water has an alkaline composition, so drinking it will help soften the cough and such treatment of laryngotracheitis in children with folk remedies will not harm.

To do this, you need to release gases from the bottle. Then, throughout the day, offer the child several tablespoons of this water. Another effective way is warm milk (100 ml) with 1 tbsp. spoon "Borjomi". This solution should be given to the baby 3 times a day.

Children who are not allergic to honey can be offered to dissolve it several times a day for 1/2 teaspoon. In this way, you can significantly reduce the sore throat. Older children are advised to drink more herbal teas. They not only have a positive effect on overall well-being, but also provide the necessary amount of fluid in the body.

During a paroxysmal cough, a child can soar his legs in water not higher than 45 0. So, from the upper parts of the body, the blood will circulate more actively to the lower ones and the cough will gradually decrease.

most common in children aged 6 months to 7 years, while there is interesting fact: girls are more susceptible to the disease. In any case, the main reason for the development of the disease is the defeat of the larynx and some parts of the trachea by microorganisms unfavorable for the body.

As a rule, a virus or infection is directly related to colds. Due to weakened immunity and other factors, inflammation develops. Due to the high vulnerability of the organism of children, laryngotracheitis develops quite quickly in them and requires timely therapy. Not treating such an ailment is very dangerous, since there is a high risk of a number of complications.

A nebulizer is a special device for inhalation procedures. For the treatment of most ENT diseases, this device is necessary, especially if there are small children in the family.

As a solution in a nebulizer for laryngotracheitis, it is worth using:

alcohol tincture of propolis in a ratio of 1:20 with physical. solution
Tonzilong in ratios: 1:1 with saline (from 7 years old) and 1:2 (1-7 years old)
v pure form very effective in treating cough
on alcohol - in a ratio of 1:40 with physical. solution (no more than 4 ml of tincture at a time)
Interferon - one ampoule with 3 ml of saline. solution

Inhalations with a child must be carried out at least 2 times a day, one of which is required before bedtime. With frequent bouts of coughing, measures to inhale vapors can be increased, as they significantly soften it.

Folk remedies for illness

First of all, it is important to understand that with laryngotracheitis in children, folk remedies can only be used as an addition to drug treatment. Moreover, when using most of the recipes from the people, you must be extremely careful, as their components can only increase the manifestation of symptoms.

Before you give your child any homemade medicines, make sure that he is not allergic to any of their ingredients.

The most effective for laryngotracheitis in children will be the following folk recipes:

Steam inhalation. In principle, inhalation is a mandatory procedure for this disease. It must be carried out 2-3 times a day (before going to bed). The procedure can be carried out by any available methods, the simplest and most effective way is the inhalation of vapors from a container with boiled potatoes and a couple of drops of essential oils added there.
Honey. Any of folk remedies prepared with honey will be good for the child. The most successful recipes: honey with black radish juice (1 to 1, take a teaspoon three times a day) and honey with aloe juice (similar to the previous one).
Herbal decoctions and tinctures. It is necessary to use these funds very carefully, as they can irritate the mucous membrane of the throat, trachea and larynx, increasing unpleasant symptoms.
Garlic with milk. Mix 5 crushed garlic cloves with a glass of milk. Bring the mixture to a boil, stir and set aside. It is important to drink a glass of medicine per day in several doses.
Potato juice for rinsing. To prepare this remedy, you need to extract the juice of one whole potato. Then add it to a glass of rinse solution (200 ml of water plus a teaspoon of soda) and mix. Give the resulting mixture to the child to gargle with it. Repeat the procedure several times a day.

Danger signs and possible complications

Since laryngotracheitis in children is quite dangerous for its complications, it is important to consider the risk of their development during therapy. It should be understood that with timely treatment, the disease will recede in 4-7 days.

However, if some dangerous signs appear, you should not self-medicate, it is advisable to immediately contact the clinic. These are:

lack of air for breathing in a child
pale skin
too loud breathing, wheezing when inhaling
heaviness of breathing
depression in the neck when inhaling

The main complications of laryngotracheitis in children include:

tracheobronchitis
pneumonia
broncho-pulmonary diseases
asphyxia (suffocation)
development of a tumor of the larynx or even its cancer

Laryngotracheitis in a child can be very dangerous, as a result of which you should not ignore a visit to a specialist. It is important to understand that only a doctor can correctly diagnose the disease and prescribe the right course of treatment.

Health to you and your children!