Ureaplasma urealyticum: characteristics, tests, symptoms in women and men, treatment. Ureaplasma Parvum was found in the analyzes - what does this mean and how dangerous is it? Ureaplasma is positive

If ureaplasma parvum was found in the analyzes, few people know what it means. A positive test result scares people. They believe that the presence of pathogens in their body indicates a developing pathology. But the presence in the body of ureaplasma parvum is not always an indication for the appointment of therapy. Microbes are detected in sick people, as well as in those who do not feel unwell. If the result of the study turned out to be positive, it is necessary to consult a doctor, even if the person has no signs of illness. The infection is able to proceed latently and provoke serious violations.

Ureaplasma infection was first isolated in 1954 by the American doctor Shepard in a patient with urethritis. He called it T-mycoplasmas, where the prefix "T" stands for tiny - "tiny". Ureaplasmas are the smallest representatives of mycoplasmas. In 1986, the Committee of Experts of the World Health Association classified the causative agent of ureaplasma infection as a causative agent of diseases that are sexually transmitted. However, there is no ureaplasmosis or ureaplasma infection in the ICD-10 (international list of diseases). The disease was not included either in 1989 when compiling the list, or in 1998 after its revision.

All ureaplasmas are divided into 2 types: ureaplasma parvum and ureaplasma urealyticum. In the vast majority of cases (81–87%), ureaplasma parvum is detected during examination.

Pathogenicity of ureaplasma infection

Until now, scientists have no consensus on the pathogenicity of ureaplasmas. Some consider microbes to be pathogens that cause:

Others believe that ureaplasma can be classified as a conditionally pathogenic microflora that is harmful only under certain conditions:

decreased immunity;
hormonal imbalance;
the presence of other pathogens.

The latter are based on laboratory data, which indicate the widespread prevalence of ureaplasma infection:

A large number of people who are carriers of the infection makes many consider ureaplasmas a conditionally pathogenic infection.

How does the infection manifest itself?

When a ureaplasmic infection is detected, symptoms characteristic only of it (pathognomonic) are not detected, allowing the diagnosis of ureaplasmosis. The ailments of an infected person are characteristic of the disease that develops against the background of a ureaplasma infection. If a person does not have concomitant diseases, the infection may not manifest itself in any way.

Some researchers believe that ureaplasma infection manifests itself as. Women have abundant mucopurulent discharge from the vagina. They may show blood streaks. The mucous membrane of the urethra and vagina turns red and swells. Women suffer from itching and burning in the perineum, pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen. Ureaplasma infection causes minor intermenstrual bleeding.

In men, yellowish-green mucopurulent discharge comes from the urethra. The lips of its external opening turn red and swell. Sometimes there is a burning sensation or itching before the discharge appears.

Men and women experience pain during intercourse and urination. They may have difficulty urinating (dysuria), accompanied by the formation of an increased amount of urine (polyuria). The disease can cause:

increase in body temperature;
weakness;
headache;
dizziness.

Impact on reproductive function

Female infertility is often associated with inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. They can be triggered by the activity of ureaplasma infection. Inflammatory processes cause changes in the structure of the fallopian tubes, which prevent the passage of the egg into the uterine cavity.

Uraeplasma infection can cause male infertility by triggering the mechanism of the inflammatory process in the genitals. Ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum can negatively affect. They accumulate on spermatozoa, change their mobility, morphology and chromosomal apparatus.

Some researchers argue that a pregnant woman infected with ureaplasma has a high risk of early termination of pregnancy and premature birth. The infection can cause inflammation of the membranes and death of the fetus. Babies born to infected mothers are often underweight.

Infection can cause a critically low birth weight of a newborn, leading to death. Microorganisms sometimes provoke in newborns:

serious illnesses respiratory organs(pneumonia, dysplasia);
bacteremia (penetration of infection into the blood);
meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord).

When is an analysis for ureaplasma prescribed?

The doctor prescribes research on ureaplasma if it is difficult for him to establish the cause chronic disease urinary system. Such an analysis may be required to differentiate diseases caused by sexually transmitted infections. Especially those that have similar symptoms:

chlamydia;
gonorrhea;
mycoplasma infection.

Studies are prescribed to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment, as well as in preventive purposes. It is advisable to do an analysis for ureaplasmosis after casual sexual contact and when symptoms of diseases of the genitourinary system appear.

The presence of ureaplasma parvum DNA has great importance for spouses who are planning a pregnancy. The study is assigned to a woman and a man. An analysis for ureaplasmosis is prescribed for women who cannot become pregnant or bear a child, in addition, after an ectopic pregnancy.

Diagnostic methods

To detect pathogens, 3 types of studies are used.

The serological research method is based on the detection of antibodies to the ureaplasma antigen in the patient's blood serum. Blood for analysis is taken from the cubital vein on an empty stomach. 3 types can be detected in the material: , IgA and IgM. Depending on the type of antibodies and their combination, the stage of development of the disease and the approximate time of infection are determined.

Class G antibodies indicate the presence of immunity to infection. The presence of IgM antibodies is characterized by primary infection. An exacerbation of a chronic disease is accompanied by an increase in the level of IgG or IgA. Negative result studies (absence of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies) indicates that the person is not familiar with the infection.

The serological method of research is ineffective on early stage infections. An immunological response develops in the body after 5–7 days. Until this moment, it will not be possible to detect antibodies in the blood.

One of the most effective is the polymerase method. chain reaction(PCR). It makes it possible to detect an infection even if there is only one microorganism in the biological material. For suspected presence of ureaplasma, a scraping or smear from the cervix or urethra and urine are taken. During the study, a DNA segment is found in the material that meets the specified parameters. Then it is repeatedly copied to determine the causative agent of the disease. A positive ureaplasma parvum test result (polycol) indicates the presence of an infection.

Bacteriological examination may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. For culture, scrapings are taken from the vagina, urethra, and urine. Biological material is seeded on nutrient media and the increased colonies of microorganisms are examined. A diagnostically significant number of pathogens is a value of more than 10 to the 4th degree CFU / ml.

What research results show

If the causative agents of the disease could be detected by one of the methods, the person is infected.

If ureaplasma DNA is detected in a person who does not have symptoms of an inflammatory process in the organs of the genitourinary system, he is considered a carrier of the infection.

If during a bacteriological study high concentrations of pathogens were found, the patient is prescribed treatment.

How is the treatment

If ureaplasma parvum infection is laboratory confirmed, the doctor prescribes (, Medomycin). In addition, Clarithromycin (Klabaks,), Josamycin (), (Azitral,), Midecamycin () and Erythromycin (Erifluid) can be used. The doctor often doubles the first dose. The course of treatment is from 7 to 14 days.

Allows for maximum efficiency. It also features good tolerance and low frequency adverse reactions. The drug is stable in the acidic environment of the stomach, so it can be taken on an empty stomach.

To strengthen the immune system can be prescribed (Taktivin, Lysozyme). To restore the microflora of the vagina, eubiotics are used (candles Acilact, Gynoflor, Linex capsules). Anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac) and hepatoprotectors (Rezalut, Phosphogliv) are introduced into the treatment regimen.

In humans, only two species of this genus are capable of causing the development of a pathological process: ureaplasma urealiticum and. The habitat of these microbes is the urogenital area. In more rare cases the microorganism is found in the tissue of the lungs and kidneys.

Ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum cause. This disease is more commonly diagnosed in women because men acute symptoms usually absent. Ureaplasmosis refers to sexually transmitted diseases. In women, one pathogen is more often found, and in rare cases, two at once, which makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the presence of ureaplasma spp. Ureaplasma parvum has more pronounced pathogenic properties than ureaplasma urealyticum. Treatment of an infection caused by ureaplasma parvum is more complex and lengthy, the risk of complications is very high.

Ureaplasma infection is now widespread. Experts note a high degree of colonization of the urogenital organs by ureaplasma urealiticum: in men - 25%, in women - up to 60%.

Ureaplasma urealyticum

Ureaplasma urealyticum got its name from its ability to break down urea. This is its main difference from those in the same genus. The ability to ureal is a trigger for the development of urate nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis.

U.urealyticum is the causative agent of sexual infection. The disease is characterized by signs of prolonged inflammation with complications and sexual transmission of the pathogen. Ureaplasma urealyticum can cause asymptomatic carriage and realize its pathogenic properties only under certain conditions.

Factors provoking inflammation of the urogenital tract:

Diseases of the genital organs,
Decreased immune defense
sexual infections,
Inflammation of the prostate
Immunodeficiencies and violation of local defense factors,
Dysbiosis of the vagina in women.

Ureaplasma urealyticum refers to T-mycoplasmas capable of forming small colonies. Microbes grow at a temperature of 37 ° C and an optimal pH of 6.5-7.0. Ureaplasmas are catalase-negative, inert to sugars, cause beta-hemolysis of rabbit and guinea pig erythrocytes. A feature of ureaplasmas is the need for urea and cholesterol. They break down uric acid to ammonia, grow well on dense enriched media and practically do not grow on liquid media.

According to generally accepted medical standards in women, ureaplasma urealyticum is a conditionally pathogenic microorganism that manifests its pathogenic properties only under the influence of adverse factors. In association with other pathogenic or opportunistic microbes, ureaplasma can lead to the development of a number of pathologies that require urgent treatment. In most cases, this microorganism is highly resistant to modern antibiotics and is difficult to treat.

Ways of transmission of infection

The spread of ureaplasma infection occurs as follows:

Ureaplasma urealyticum is the causative agent of a sexually transmitted infection. Infection occurs during unprotected intercourse with an infected person. The microorganism feels great on the surface of spermatozoa and on the epithelium of the vagina.
Ascending microbes penetrate into the genitourinary system and uterus. The vertical route of transmission of infection occurs when ureaplasma penetrates from the vagina and cervical canal into the ureter and kidneys.
Transmission of infection from mother to fetus occurs through the placenta. Intrauterine infection is possible through gastrointestinal tract, skin covering, eyes and organs of the urinary system of the fetus.
During childbirth, during passage through the birth canal, mechanical infection of the newborn occurs.
Organ transplant patients can become infected. This is a transplant route of infection.
In more rare cases, anal and oral contact.
The contact-household method accounts for less than 1%.

What causes ureaplasma urealyticum?

Among women

The microbe can cause development in women, pelvic diseases, bacterial, cervical erosion, cervical insufficiency, infertility.

Ureaplasma infection in women often occurs latently. The clinic of pathology is determined by the location of the pathological process. Women have moderate mucous discharge, pain and burning sensation when urinating, aching and cramping pains in the abdomen, itching of the genitals. Symptoms are usually mild and disappear quickly. The infection is activated with nervous strain, physical fatigue, weakening of the body's defenses.

An infected woman does not feel any effects of the microbe on the body. Usually she has an active sex life, is not protected, plans the birth of a child. Complications in women are extremely rare. In weakened individuals with reduced overall resistance, the diseases described above occur, requiring antibiotic therapy.

In men

In men, ureaplasma urealiticum provokes the development of cystitis, sexual dysfunction. The first symptoms appear a month after infection. Ureaplasma infection in men disrupts spermatogenesis and promotes kidney stone formation. With urethritis, the head of the penis turns red, itching and burning in the urethra, pain that worsens with urination, and clear discharge. In advanced cases, the infection can spread to the prostate and kidneys.

Chronic ureaplasmosis in men occurs without subjective symptoms. In the morning, or after a long retention of urine, there is a scanty, cloudy discharge. The external opening of the urethra often sticks together, the urine becomes cloudy, there is a "urinary" smell. In men, carriage is practically not observed.

Diagnostic methods

To determine the etiological significance of ureaplasma urealyticum in the development of the disease, it is necessary to establish the number of microbial cells in the discharge of the urinary organs.

Usually, people who are preparing to become parents and are under the supervision of specialists in a family planning center are sent for analysis.
Pregnant women are screened for this infection.
Persons with chronic pathology of the genital organs should be examined to determine the etiology of the pathological process.
All persons with suspected sexually transmitted diseases should be examined.

The main diagnostic methods of ureaplasma infection are:

Treatment

If there are appropriate symptoms and if the pathogen is isolated in an amount of more than 10 4 CFU / ml, the disease must be treated. Patients are treated with antibiotics.

During treatment, patients should refrain from sexual activity, do not drink alcohol, do not sunbathe in the sun and in a solarium, do not drink milk, carbonated and mineral water. The duration of treatment is 10-14 days. Both sexual partners should be treated.

In the absence of timely and adequate treatment, ureaplasmosis can lead to the development of formidable complications: prostatitis, salpingo-oophoritis, pyelonephritis. The cause of infertility in men is a violation of the process of sperm formation. Ureaplasma urealyticum causes impaired sperm motility and quantity, the appearance of pathologically altered forms. In women, infertility is caused by infection of the endometrium with ureaplasmas or infection of the ovum.

Prevention of ureaplasmosis

Preventive measures to prevent the development of ureaplasmosis and other sexually transmitted diseases:

Use of condoms.
Application after sexual intercourse of antiseptic solutions - Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, candles - Polizhenaks, Hexicon.
Strengthening immunity.
Hygiene of the genitals.
Periodic screening for STIs.

Ureaplasma urealyticum is the causative agent of a typical sexually transmitted disease that requires treatment in order to avoid complications and the spread of sexual infection in society.

Video: ureaplasma specialist

Video: obstetrician-gynecologist about ureaplasma

Hundreds of microorganisms live on human mucous membranes, which are part of the normal microflora. One of the bacteria living on the mucous membrane of the genital organs, as well as on the membrane of spermatozoa, is called ureaplasma. They are usually classified as conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, that is, they can be found in the body of a healthy person, but sometimes cause serious illness.

The bacterium ureplasma, in turn, has two varieties: urealiticum and parvum. Despite the fact that these bacteria practically do not differ from each other and once belonged to the same group, today parvum ureaplasma is considered a more dangerous and pathogenic microorganism. Most often it occurs in women, less often in men, and in the representatives of the stronger sex, the bacterium can be ureaplasmosis, that is, inflammation that develops in different parts of the genitourinary system. How to recognize the symptoms of the presence of parvum ureaplasma in the body, and how to get rid of the problem?

After parvum ureaplasma enters the body of a man (most often this happens during intercourse), it may not manifest itself for a long time, but the man becomes a carrier of the bacteria. However, under certain conditions, it begins to actively manifest itself, causing unpleasant symptoms. Among the factors that can contribute to the reproduction of microorganisms and the development of ureaplasmosis include:

taking certain drugs (antibiotics, hormonal drugs);
psycho-emotional stress;
decreased immunity;
deterioration in nutrition and quality of life;
ingestion of other bacteria (for example, chlamydia).

It should be noted that in 80% of cases, infection with ureaplasma parvum is asymptomatic, so the consequences are already manifested in the form of complications of diseases that are caused by the bacterium.

Discomfort when urinating. Many men do not pay attention to this symptom, as it can occur quite rarely and pass quickly, or write it off as a mild cold. Strong cramps appear over time, when the disease begins to progress.
Pain in the genital area. Pain of varying intensity (depending on the degree of spread of the pathological process) can be felt in the urethra, testicles or prostate.
Frequent urination and difficulty urinating. This is a rather serious symptom, as it often indicates the development of prostatitis.
Turbidity of the urine. Due to the impurities of pus, which often accompanies the inflammatory process, the urine becomes cloudy and acquires a pungent odor.
Erectile dysfunction. One of the most common signs of a lesion of the genitourinary system that affects men.

Since the symptoms of ureaplasmosis are similar to those of other genitourinary infections, self-diagnosis in this case is unacceptable - a man should see a doctor as soon as possible.

Why is ureaplasmosis dangerous?

With a mild form of the disease, ureaplasmosis can pass on its own, but this happens quite rarely. In more serious cases, an advanced disease can become chronic and cause the following diseases and pathology:

urethritis and inflammatory processes in the ureters;
inflammatory processes in the testicles - epididymitis, orchitis;
cystitis and, as a result, urolithiasis;
reactive arthritis;
deterioration in the quality of seminal fluid, reduced fertility and infertility.

It is important to note that after the disease with ureaplasmosis, antibodies are not produced in the body of a man, so the risk of re-infection is not excluded. In addition, during the asymptomatic stage of the course of the disease, the patient is a danger to his sexual partners.

fast and effective treatment ureaplasmosis is possible only with early diagnosis of the disease and the timely appointment of adequate therapy. It should be noted that in the first stages of the disease, it may not manifest itself in any way, therefore, quite often, the presence of parvum ureaplasma in the body is detected during routine medical examinations.

After collecting anamnesis and listening to the patient's complaints, a series of laboratory tests are prescribed, which are designed to determine not only the presence of microorganisms in the body, but also their number. For this, the patient's blood is taken, and scrapings from the penis and the discharge of the urethra.

PCR. A method that allows you to detect a small concentration of bacteria in the blood serum, therefore, it is most often used at the initial stage of the disease.
ELISA. Allows you to identify specific antibodies to ureaplasma parvum.
Ureaplasma species. Molecular genetic study, which makes it possible to determine the number of bacteria in the body. Usually, in the presence of a titer of less than 10 4 and the absence of specific symptoms, treatment is not prescribed, but with an increased titer, as well as signs of an inflammatory process of unclear etiology (even if the titer is lowered), the patient is prescribed appropriate therapy.

To determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to specific drugs, a laboratory technique is used, which involves the cultivation of biological material in a nutrient medium. It usually takes about 2 weeks - that's how long it takes for bacteria colonies to grow and determine their reaction to medicines.

For the treatment of diseases caused by ureaplasma parvum, a treatment regimen is used, including antibiotics, antifungal agents, immunostimulants, preparations for injection into the urethra, and vitamin complexes.

Antibiotics against ureaplasma parvum

Almost all ureaplasmas are resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin, therefore, antibiotics of other groups are used to combat microorganisms.

Group	A drug	Contraindications	Reception features
Tetracyclines	Unidox Solutab, Doxycycline	Complex pathologies of the liver and kidneys	Take on an empty stomach or 2 hours after a meal with plenty of water to prevent gastrointestinal damage
macrolides	Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Josamycin	Individual sensitivity to the active substance	Take orally an hour or 2 hours after a meal, "Erythromycin" drink plenty of water
Fluoroquinolones	Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin	Allergic reactions to quinolone drugs	The drugs should not be taken together with a number of other drugs (antacids, zinc, iron preparations). When taking, drink plenty of water

Usually, tetracycline drugs are prescribed as the primary therapy for ureaplasmosis, the primary course of treatment lasts about 10 days. If drugs do not give the desired effect, macrolides and fluoroquinolones are used.

When side effects, allergic reactions or lack of improvement should see a doctor as soon as possible to replace the antibiotic.

In addition, a set of therapeutic measures to combat ureaplasma parvum includes:

antifungal and antibacterial drugs, which are especially necessary in case of accession of other infections;
installations (infusions) medicines into the urethra;
means to increase immunity, with preference given to plant immunomodulators, since synthetic ones may not have the desired effect;
vitamins for general body support;
drugs that restore normal microflora intestines to prevent dysbacteriosis.

Repeated tests are taken about a month after the course of treatment. Detection of signs of infection in the body requires a change in treatment regimen - this means that bacteria have developed resistance to certain drugs.

Folk remedies for the treatment of ureaplasmosis

For the treatment of ureaplasmosis, you can use folk remedies, but it is very important to note that when using alternative medicine, in no case should you abandon the traditional one. In addition, it is recommended that you first consult with your doctor, and during therapy, monitor the body's reaction.

Garlic

Garlic belongs to the so-called phytobiotics, that is, agents that are very similar in composition and effect to antibiotics. This plant is often used in medicine, as it quickly and effectively destroys pathogenic microflora. To combat ureaplasma parvum, you need to eat 3-4 cloves of garlic daily or prepare a medicinal paste from it.

Take 150 g of garlic, chop well, add the same amount of vegetable oil and mix. Salt, you can add vinegar or lemon to improve the taste. Eat in any form without restrictions. Contraindications to this remedy are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: gastritis, ulcers, etc.

Herbal infusions

One more effective remedy against ureaplasmosis - herbal infusions. In this case, it is very important to remember that in homeopathy there are herbs containing substances that, in their composition, resemble female and male hormones. The use of "female" herbs in males is not recommended, as it can cause hormonal imbalance. These plants primarily include the upland uterus and wintergreen.

Herbal infusions - an effective remedy against ureaplasmosis

Recipe #1. For medicinal decoction you should take the roots of licorice, kopeck, leuzea, as well as alder cones, string and flowers, usually chamomile. Mix everything in equal proportions, chop well, steam a tablespoon of the resulting herbal mixture with a glass of boiling water. Infuse for 8-10 hours, filter, drink three times a day. The course of treatment is seven days.

Recipe #2. Ingredients: thyme, yarrow, bogweed, string, birch buds, burnet roots and leuzea. The medicine is prepared in exactly the same way as in the previous recipe, but you need to drink it half a glass twice a day before meals for a week.

Recipe #3. For infusion, the following components are taken:

violet, nettle and birch leaves, primrose roots, lungwort, dill seeds in one part;
plantain and meadowsweet (flowers) in 2 parts;
wild rose, raspberry leaves, a series of 3 parts.

Grind and mix everything well, prepare the infusion as described above. Drink a week for a third of a glass three to four times a day before meals.

To strengthen immunity and general support of the body during the treatment of the disease, you can use sea buckthorn oil, echinacea tincture or Kuril tea. In the water used for genital hygiene, you can add a few drops of tea tree oil, which is an effective and safe natural antiseptic.

Video - Diagnosis and treatment of ureaplasma

In order for the treatment of ureaplasmosis to be as effective as possible, the patient must follow the following rules:

stick to a high-calorie diet, but avoid fatty, fried, salty and spicy foods;
do not overcool and do not catch a cold;
do not expose the body to direct sunlight and ultraviolet radiation;
do not visit common areas: saunas, swimming pools, etc.;
avoid unprotected sex;
avoid alcoholic beverages and, if possible, smoking;
strictly observe the hygiene of the genital organs, use individual towels and other household items.

It is important to note that married couples and permanent sexual partners should be treated together, since parvum ureaplasma may be present in the body of another person, but not manifest itself in any way.

Video - Ureaplasmosis

Prevention of ureaplasmosis

The main measure for the prevention of the disease is the careful choice of sexual partners and the use of contraceptives. After contact with an unknown partner, it is necessary to treat the genitals as soon as possible with special means (for example, Miramistin).

Despite the fact that ureaplasma parvum is pathogenic bacterium and can cause serious illness, timely diagnosis, treatment and appropriate prevention reduce the risk of re-infection and related problems to a minimum.

Ureaplasma parvum (from Latin - ureaplasma parvum)- conditionally pathogenic microflora, which is the cause of the development of inflammatory processes. Parvo is a type of ureaplasma recognized as clinically important. Treatment is necessary in case of increased activity of microorganisms.

Ureaplasma parvum - conditionally pathogenic microorganisms

Ureaplasma parvum (ureaplasma parvum) - what is it?

Ureaplasma parvum or parvo is a group of conditionally pathogenic unicellular microorganisms that do not have cell walls and because of this develop inside human cells. Microbes live on the mucous membranes of the urinary tract and organs of the reproductive system. They invade the cytoplasm internal environment cells), destroying the protective shell - the membrane. The process can proceed in an acute or asymptomatic (latent) form.

- what does it mean? This term refers to a disease whose causative agent is exclusively ureaplasma. Pathology is not recognized by many doctors, and is also not listed in the ICD 9 and 10 versions. The thing is that the disease may not bother the carrier at all, that is, not manifest itself. Therefore, the danger factor of ureaplasmosis for human health is a big question.

Such a view as parvum was discovered in 2002. To date, this category has 4 serotypes (groups of microbes belonging to the same species): 3, 6, 1 and 14.

The term "ureaplasmosis" refers to all clinically important species ureaplasma.

Methods of infection with ureaplasma parvum

Where does ureaplasma parvo come from? The main, most common mode of transmission is sexual intercourse. Ureaplasmosis is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.

The second way of infection is from mother to fetus. In the course of several studies, microbes that cause ureaplasmosis were found in 25-30% of newborn girls in the vagina. Also, bacteria were detected in the nasopharynx in some male and female babies.

Microbes can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy

Is the infection transmitted by household route? There is no exact answer to this question, but it is known that this mode of transmission is unlikely. There is a small chance of infection after going to a public toilet or swimming in a contaminated pool.

It should be borne in mind that microbes live on the mucous membranes: in rare cases - in the nasopharynx, more often - in the genital area. Accordingly, you can become infected not only during sexual intercourse, but also through a kiss.

Symptoms of the disease

Ureaplasma parvum rarely manifests itself immediately after ingestion. As a rule, ureaplasmosis "activates" due to a fall immune system, unstable hormonal or psycho-emotional background.

General symptoms of the disease:

discharge (cloudy and mucous, sometimes with pus);
pulling and cutting pains in the groin area;
brownish discharge (sometimes with blood clots);
discomfort that manifests itself during the entire sexual intercourse;
swelling and redness of the genitals, as well as the area around them;
painful urination;
leukorrhea (excessive discharge, regular feeling of moisture in the perineum).

With ureaplasmosis, discharge from the genitals appears

Similar symptoms are characteristic of many sexually transmitted infections, as well as for inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. Some signs of ureaplasmosis may either not appear at all, or relate to other pathologies.

In men and women, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves differently. The fairer sex is more likely to suffer from pain and unhealthy discharge. Men, in turn, feel more pronounced discomfort during urination. At the same time, among the representatives of the stronger sex there are many cases of self-healing of the disease.

Diagnosis of ureaplasmosis

The detection of ureaplasmosis occurs through the delivery of two main tests. The second examination is necessary in order not only to detect the pathogenic environment, but also to establish its activity.

The following diagnostic methods are used to make a diagnosis:

Bakposev (bacterial culture). This type laboratory research is the most informative. It allows you to determine the activity of the causative agent of the inflammatory process. The analysis requires urine and blood. Biological material is placed in a favorable environment for the reproduction of microbes. Based on the results of the examination, the type of pathogenic microorganisms is determined, as well as their viability and danger to health.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Modern look diagnostics, involving the determination of the DNA of microbes. The analysis helps to determine the type of pathogen, regardless of the stage and course of the disease. Using PCR, it is possible to identify clinically important types of ureaplasma, in particular, parvum. The only disadvantage of this diagnostic method is that it cannot be used to determine the level of activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

Bakposev will help to determine the activity of pathogenic microbes

Additional diagnostic methods:

urinalysis (general);
microscopic examination of microflora (scraping);
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

These procedures are necessary if the patient has specific complaints, such as burning in the genital area and unhealthy discharge. Additional diagnostics helps to identify diseases that have developed against the background of ureaplasma. Accordingly, it is not required for all patients.

The procedure for decoding analyzes will not take much time if you prepare for it in advance.

It is best to disassemble according to the following pattern:

Ureaplasma parvum (Ureaplasma parvum) (semicol.) DNA found. This line in the test results indicates that microbial DNA was found in the patient's body.
Specific DNA fragments were detected in a concentration (amount) of more/less than 10^4 copies in the sample. To decipher this line, it is not necessary to understand all the intricacies of medicine, it is enough just to know that an indicator of less than 10 ^ 4 is the norm (according to research by the Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor Russian Federation). That is why a positive research result, which indicates the presence of microbes in the body, does not always indicate the need for treatment.

Ureaplasmosis was not detected

There are such concepts as titer and degree - with their help, the danger of ureaplasma is measured for each specific case. Norm - 10 ^ 4 and below, more high performance indicate a risk of developing various diseases against the background of ureaplasmosis.

Treatment of ureaplasma parvum

Treatment of ureaplasmosis should be comprehensive. Therapy necessarily includes antibiotics and immunomodulators. Also, patients are often prescribed eubiotics - drugs from this group are used both for the treatment and prevention of ureaplasma.

Traditional medicine in this case is practically useless. You can use various herbal teas and decoctions to boost immunity, but in their effect they cannot be compared with synthetic immunomodulators. Base treatment on folk remedies contraindicated.

Do I need to treat ureaplasmosis?

At normal rate(10^4 and below) no treatment required. The doctor may prescribe a therapy consisting of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (for example, Neurodiclovitis). This is due to the fact that even latent ureaplasmosis negatively affects the liver.

It is dangerous to prescribe antibacterial agents with a normal indicator. They can give the opposite effect, that is, increase the activity of ureaplasma. Hormones work in much the same way.

What to do if the indicator is normal, but the symptoms of ureaplasmosis still appear? This phenomenon often speaks of the development of other inflammatory diseases urinary system. Accordingly, it is necessary to undergo additional diagnostics and identify the pathology that causes ailments. Ureaplasma is far from always the root cause of the onset of diseases, and this must be taken into account.

Before starting treatment for ureaplasmosis, you should consult with your doctor.

You do not need to believe people who say that ureaplasmosis therapy is mandatory in any case. It is best to focus on the results of the tests, as well as consult with several doctors to get the most accurate and correct recommendations.

If the indicator is higher than normal, then treatment is necessary.

How to treat drugs

The therapy is aimed at achieving three goals: removing microbes from the body, raising immunity and normalizing microflora. The treatment regimen is selected on an individual basis. Antibiotics used for therapy must be sensitive to specific types of microorganisms.

Among other things, the nature of the disease plays a huge role. Treatment of chronic pathology can take several months. The disease in the acute stage is treated in 2-4 weeks (on average). Also, for the treatment of chronic ureaplasmosis, 2-3 types of antibiotics are required immediately.

What to treat? As mentioned earlier, drugs from 3 groups are used for therapy:

Antibiotics. Most commonly used antibacterial drugs from the group of macrolides, for example, Azithromycin or Clarithromycin tablets. Tetracyclines (doxycycline capsules) are also used. Antibiotics from these groups are active against most pathogenic microorganisms. Fluoroquinolones belonging to the 2nd and 3rd generations (Ofloxacin) can also be used for treatment. When choosing drugs, you need to focus on their spectrum of action.
Immunomodulators. Preparations from this group are necessary to restore or improve the body's own resistance. Medicines such as Methyluracil (tablets and suppositories), Timalin (solution for injection) are used. The most popular medication is Ibuprofen.
Eubiotics (bioactive supplements). These medicines are necessary to restore and maintain beneficial microflora. This category includes drugs such as Bifidumbacterin (candles), Lactobacterin (mixture for injection). Eubiotics also destroy pathogenic microflora, but in their effect they are much inferior to antibiotics.

Lactobacterin will help restore beneficial microflora Also, treatment depends on the gender of the patient and the localization of the disease. Women are often prescribed vaginal suppositories with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects (Genferon, Hexicon).

Rehabilitation therapy, which is often carried out after the main treatment, includes vitamin and mineral complexes, various dietary supplements and even antifungal drugs (for example, Fluconazole).

During therapy, you must comply strict diet. It is mandatory to give up alcohol and various spices. It is necessary to limit the consumption of fried, fatty and overly salty foods. It is recommended to eat more fruits, dairy products and drink fresh natural juices.

With ureaplasmosis, it is recommended to drink more natural juices

It is also necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse throughout the treatment. This is necessary for the safety of the partner and for the successful treatment of the patient himself.

In some cases, normalization of the daily routine also helps. Such a measure is needed to strengthen the body, reduce stress and, as a result, accelerate therapy.

Is ureaplasma dangerous?

An increased level of ureaplasma is dangerous. When a disease is detected, regular tests should be taken to monitor the activity of microbes.

Consequences to which ureaplasmosis can lead:

infertility;
premature birth;
inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system in men and women (the most common are cystitis and prostatitis);
increased risk of catching other STIs.

Ureaplasmosis can cause the development of prostatitis

In the course of research, a direct effect of ureaplasma on the kidneys and liver was established. The thing is that microbes synthesize a special enzyme in the cytoplasm - urease. It is able to break down urea to ammonia.

In pregnant women, the symptoms of ureaplasmosis appear more often, since in this condition women experience an unstable hormonal background and a sharp drop in the immune system. At the same time, ureaplasma poses a small danger to the newborn, because most often in children it is cured on its own.

Ureaplasma parvum or urealiticum - differences

Parvo and urealiticum are Ureaplasma species of clinical importance. That is, various diagnostic methods determine the presence or absence of microorganisms from these two groups in the body.

These ureaplasmas are similar in their negative effects: they destroy the structure of healthy cells, since they do not have their own "shell". That is, these microorganisms are similar in structure to each other.

Ureaplasma urealiticum under magnification

There are 2 significant differences between them: prevalence and pathogenicity. Urealitikum is found in analyzes much more often, but parvo is more dangerous for human health.

In medicine, there is no special separation of 2 types of ureaplasma, because they have similar symptoms and lead to the development of the same pathologies. Moreover, the same drugs are used to treat urealiticum and parvum.

Prevention

Prevention of ureaplasmosis primarily includes a complete rejection of casual and unprotected sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse in this case includes not only vaginal, but also oral sex. People who have already undergone ureaplasmosis should be especially careful about casual relationships.

Prevention also includes general recommendations:

maintaining a healthy lifestyle (mainly quitting smoking and alcohol abuse);
the use of funds to raise immunity and improve health;
periodic delivery of gynecological tests;
proper nutrition enriched with vitamins.

All this will help protect yourself not only from ureaplasmosis, but also from other diseases of the genitourinary system.

healthy eating help protect against ureaplasmosis

Content

The microorganism (microbe) ureaplasma parvum refers to mycoplasmas of an opportunistic nature, which can provoke the development of diseases of the genitourinary system, both in women and men. The conditional pathogenicity of this type of bacteria lies in the fact that certain conditions are necessary for the development of pathology due to the penetration of ureaplasma into the body (ureaplasmosis). A healthy immune system serves as a reliable barrier against membraneless organisms that can have a detrimental effect on healthy cells.

What is ureaplasma parvum

Bacteriology distinguishes 7 species of bacteria of the mycoplasma family, among which 2 species are clinically significant: Biovar Parvo and biovar T-960. This bacterium was first discovered in 1954, since then studies have begun on parvum and its effect on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system. Clinical microbiology has revealed a number of distinctive features of ureaplasma bacteria, which make it possible to classify this species as pathogenic. The properties of tenericuta (an extremely small bacterium) are characterized as follows:

Infection with ureaplasmosis occurs through contact with the carrier of this pathogen. With normal immunity, the parvum bacterium can exist for a long time in the transient microflora of an infected person and not manifest itself. The weakening of the protective functions of the body activates the pathogenic process and contributes to the spread of parvum bacteria.

The main ways of infection with ureaplasma in descending order of risk are listed below:

Unprotected intercourse - genital contact in any way, it is possible to transmit bacteria with saliva during a kiss if the mucous oral cavity has damage.
An intrauterine-infected mother infects the fetus during pregnancy. After birth, the child can heal itself.
Contact-household infection - the bacterium can be transmitted during the use of personal hygiene items of an infected person. The method is unlikely, but not excluded.
During organ transplantation - theoretically, this possibility is not excluded, but in practice it is extremely rare.

Symptoms

The time of the latent period of ureaplasma parvum is from 2 to 5 weeks. During this period, the bacterium has time to settle in the body and penetrate into healthy cells. If there are no provoking factors, then the pathogenicity of parvum microorganisms will not manifest itself in any way before the onset of favorable conditions for them. The symptoms of ureaplasmosis differ little from similar diseases of the genital area, therefore, to accurately determine the existing pathogen, you should consult a doctor.

Among women

Signs of the presence of the causative agent of parvum, requiring urgent examination, differ in men and women. In males, the disease can be asymptomatic, which is not a reason to ignore it. Women infected with ureaplasma, note one or more of the following symptoms:

pain in the lower abdomen, which may be cutting or pulling;
the appearance of transparent discharge from the vagina, a change in their color to yellow or green indicates the onset of a background inflammatory process;
pain during penetration of the partner's penis during contact;
discomfort during urination, manifested in the form of a burning sensation;
angina-like symptoms if the infection occurred by the oral route.

In men

Identification during a medical examination of ureaplasma parvum in men occurs due to the treatment of patients with complaints of inflammation of a different nature. The spread of pathogenic bacteria of ureaplasma in the male body often occurs hidden and does not cause discomfort. Such a mechanism is fraught with the manifestation of complications already at the stage of transition of the disease into a chronic form and the occurrence of diseases of the genitourinary system against its background.

Symptoms, ignored by the representatives of the stronger sex due to its insignificance, include the following manifestations:

urination is accompanied by burning in the urethral canal;
the appearance of scanty mucous secretions;
itching pain in the abdomen.

What is the difference between ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum

A patient who has applied to a treatment center with a diagnosis of ureaplasmosis can, if desired, be tested for identification of a variety of ureaplasma bacteria. There is no fundamental difference in the approach to the treatment of subspecies. The prescribed drugs should have a similar therapeutic effect on both types of bacteria. Science shares these concepts, based on genetic studies of biomaterial at the molecular level.

The existing results of clinical trials describe some differences between urealiticum and parvum bacteria, for example:

Causes

Infection with the causative agent of ureaplasmosis occurs in the presence of one or more risk-forming factors, among them are:

neglect of protection during sexual intercourse;
early age of onset of sexual activity;
frequent change of partners;
use of other people's personal hygiene items;
lack of constant hygienic care for the genitals and oral cavity;
visiting public places without providing antibacterial protection.

The further development of parvum bacteria depends on the state of the microflora of the body and the individual characteristics of the immune system. The viability of pathogenic microbes also depends on a balanced diet, the presence of addictions, the use of corticosteroid or antibiotic-containing drugs. Transferred to childhood some viral infections can provoke a decrease in the protective ability of the immune system specifically to this type of bacteria.

Diagnostics

Suspicion of the presence of ureaplasma parvum DNA in the body is confirmed using diagnostic studies, including:

a blood test for the presence of ureaplasma DNA fragments;
PCR (method based on polymerase chain reaction);
bacteriological culture (collection of material by means of a smear from the cervix or urethra).

The test results show the number of ureaplasma bacteria in the body and their localization. A positive result indicates the presence of the pathogen, but this does not always indicate the pathogenicity of the bacteria. The concept of "norm" that exists in medicine means the number of conditionally pathogenic microbes, in which there are no disturbances in the functioning of organs. Negative tests also do not always indicate total absence parvum bacteria in cells.

The norm in women

Deciphering the results of diagnostic studies should be entrusted to a specialist. The generally accepted norm for the amount of ureaplasma DNA in the biomaterial examined using PCR diagnostics is 104 CFU (colony-forming units) per 1 ml. Bakposev, which showed similar results, also indicates the absence of a pathogenic danger of ureaplasma bacteria for the body.

Is it necessary to treat

Application drug therapy when ureaplasma bacteria are found in the test results, it is not always justified. The absence of background inflammatory processes and infections of the genitourinary system indicates the normal state of the mucosa. internal organs. However, doubts about the need for treatment should be discarded when symptoms of the harmful effects of ureaplasma bacteria appear.

Delaying the decision to see a doctor can lead to negative consequences and infertility. Both partners will have to visit the diagnostic room and start treatment, even if one of them does not observe symptoms of the disease. Pregnancy should be planned after the course of treatment, since treatment for early dates can adversely affect the health of the fetus and the woman carrying it.

Treatment

After a complete diagnosis, a specialized specialist prescribes therapy according to a specific scheme. Treatment of ureaplasma parvum involves a set of measures aimed at reducing the number of pathogenic mycoplasmic cells and suppressing the ability of bacteria to reproduce. Antibiotic therapy can be prescribed by a doctor based on the results of analyzes of the susceptibility of a particular variety of microorganisms to a particular group. antibacterial agents.

Effective method treatment of ureaplasma involves the use of local therapy through the introduction vaginal suppositories. Additional therapy with douching with an antibiotic-containing composition helps to alleviate the condition of patients, quickly eliminating the symptoms of ureaplasmosis. The presence of a risk of disturbance of the natural microflora of the intestine requires the intake of a probiotic.

drugs

The doctor prescribes treatment based on the etymology of the disease and the inflammatory processes associated with ureaplasma. The healing process using medications takes 2 weeks if the disease has not yet become chronic. A severe case requires a combination of antibiotics. Drugs that can be used in the fight against ureaplasma bacteria are.